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A poster is a very useful means of making an announcement, propagation or appeal, and issuing a notice advertising a product/ service or bringing about awareness about issues of public interest. A poster is always visually very attractive and easily readable from a certain distance. Visuals are part of a poster and help in enhancing the overall impact. Students have the freedom to use any style, size and fonts to make it eye catching and appealing. A poster incorporates the following Theme/topic/event Purpose and/or occasion Date, time and place (in case of an event) A message of appeal, awareness, caution, warning, invitation) Catchy slogan, punch line and captions Sketch or simple drawings Letters of diffrent size and shape Proportionate spacing Name of the individual/organization issuing it. POINTS TO REMEBER Draw a box around the poster Mention clearly in LARGE,BOLD font the topic or the purpose of the posters Vary the font style and size for different texts within the posters Support the text with simple illustrations/graphics. Make it visually appealing.' If the poster is about an event mention the date, time and venue. If the poster is about a campaign mention its special features, advantages/disadvantages, dos and don'ts etc. Use slogans or catchy lines to increase the appeal of the posters; e.g. ‘Save Energy Save Money’ ‘Driving faster can cause a disaster’, ‘Energy misuse cannot be excused’ Life is precious, Be a life-saver, Give blood!’’ Keep to the word limit. Mention the issuing authority or person at the bottom of the poster. Some Sample Examples Ex1. Design a poster in not more than 50 words for your school library on the value of books and good reading habits. You may use slogans. Ex2. Design a poster in not more than 50 words for your school CCA activities on World Health Day. You may use slogans. Ex3. Design a poster in not more than 50 words on Road Safety Week to be observed in your school. You may use slogans. Ex4. Design a poster in not more than 50 words on Voluntary Blood Donation Day to be observed in your school. You may use slogans. Exercise for Practice 1. Draft a poster in not more than 50 words depicting the Do’s and Don’ts of COVID19. 2. Water is precious and each one of us must stop its wastage. Prepare a poster in not more thatn 50 words creating the awareness to save water. 3. Prepare a poster in not more than 50 words bringing about awareness against the hazards of reckless use of plastic. 4. Draft a poster in not more than 50 words depicting the ill effects of mobile games on young children. Credit: DIRECTORATE OF EDUCATION Govt. of NCT, Delhi

Detailed Explanation with NCERT solution Lesson Architecture Author Biography Theme Stanza-wise Explanation Recapitulation NCERT Solution Extra Questions Author Biography Walt Whitman was born in West Hills, Long Island, US on May 31, 1819. He was the second child in a family of eleven. In 1836, at the age of 17, he began his career as a teacher and continued to teach until 1841 when he turned to journalism as a full-time career. He founded a weekly newspaper, Long-Islander, and later edited a number of Brooklyn and New York papers. Under the influence of the Romantic movement in literature and art, Whitman held the theory that the chief function of the poet was to express his own personality in his verse. He is primarily known for his work ‘Leaves of Grass. Theme: The poem draws comparison between humans and animals. Unlike humans, animals do not complain and are always happy at their present state. Unlike humans, they do not commit sins and are very innocent and honest creatures. Animals possess all human virtues like honesty, truthfulness etc. which humans once possessed long, long time ago. Stanza-Wise Explanation NCERT Solution: Thinking about the poem ( Page 84) 1. Notice the use of the word ‘turn’ in the first line, “I think I could turn and live with animals…” What is the poet turning from?' Ans: the poet is turning from the world of humans to the world of animals. The poet tells us that he feels more at home with animals than humans, whom he finds complicated and false. 2. Mention any three things that humans do and animals don't. Ans: (i) Humans complain about their condition whereas animals do not. (ii) Humans weep for their sins whereas animals do not. They are not troubled by any sense of guilt. (iii) Humans are obsessed with the mania of owning things whereas animals are not. 3. Do humans kneel to other humans who lived thousands of years ago? Ans: Humans kneel to other humans who lived thousands of years ago. They could be some ancestors, saints or the preachers whom they follow religiously. 4. What are the 'tokens' that the poet says he may have dropped long ago, and which the animals have kept for him? Ans: The word 'tokens' according to the poet is the good qualities in human beings. the poet feels that nowadays good qualities do not exist in human beings They have lost them for the sake of worldly things which they want to achieve at any cost. Extra Questions: (a) How do human being make the poet sick? Human beings always sweat and whine about their condition. They always discuss their duty to God. It makes the poet sick. (b) Why does the author keep looking at them for long? The author keeps on looking at them for long because they are always happy and content. They never weep for their sins. (C) Why does the poet find animals better than humans? Animals are always happy and content and never whine about their condition. They never weep for their sins. Like human being they are not obsessed about owning things. Extra Questions for Practice: 1. Why does the poet wish to live with animals? 2. Why can't humans enjoy a sound sleep? Explain in the context of the poem. 3. What does the poet mean by the word ' tokens'? What are the 'tokens' that the poet says he may have dropped long ago? 4.How are the animals superior to humans according to the poet? Reference for Biographical Information of the poet •https://www.biographyonline.net/poets/walt-whitman.html •https://www.britannica.com/biography/Walt-Whitman/Later-life

Listen to the Podcast HERE Transitive Verb: A transitive verb is a verb that requires an object after it in order to complete its action. e.g. He plays cricket. Here in the above sentence ' cricket' is an object. Therefore, the verb ' plays' is a transitive verb. Note: Always remember that an object is either a NOUN or a PRONOUN. An object always goes after a verb. Most of the transitive verbs take only one object after them, but some transitive verbs take two objects after them. For Example, John gave me a book. Here in the above examples, 'me' and 'a book' are both the objects. 'Me' is called an indirect Object and 'a book' is called a direct object. Always remember that the name of a thing is called the Direct Object whereas the name of a person is called the Indirect Object. Now let's move on to the intransitive verb. An intransitive verb does not require an object after it to complete its action. Intransitive Verb: e.g. Boys are playing. In this example, there is no object after playing. Therefore, the verb ' are Playing' is an intransitive verb. Similarly, I work daily. In this sentence the verb 'work' is an example of intransitive verb because there is no object after the verb. The word 'daily' is neither a noun nor a pronoun. It is an adverb. Therefore, it is not an object. EXERCISE Identify the Transitive & Intransitive Verbs from the following Sentences. She sings a song. I have given him a pen. My friend sings well. Simon reads a book. Gopal scored good marks in the exam. The girls laughed loudly. I work daily for ten hours. The sun sets early in winter. We eat to live. The nurse boils water.

Revise the following Questions and Answers Listen to the story HERE Q1. Who is Joe? How does she respond to her father’s story-telling? Ans: Joe is a four-year-old daughter of Jack. Every evening and for Saturday naps, Jack used to narrate his daughter a self-composed story which is a slight variation of the original story. Joe is captivated by each story her father used to narrate to her. She became so involved with the stories that she kept on asking a host of questions to her father and could even predict the development in the tale. 2. What do you think was Jo’s problem? Ans: Jo was mainly concerned that Roger Skunk should be accepted by other animals. She was disappointed tha the mother had not understood Skunk’s misery. So she wanted the wizard to teach his mother a lesson. She wanted her father to change the story to suit her taste. 3. What is the moral issue that the story raises? Ans: The issue that the story raises is whether children should be allowed to use their abilities to reason and to question or be forced to remain mere shadows of adult influence and thought. Joe disagreed and questioned her father’s interpretation of how the story of the stinky Skunk should end. In fact, Jack had failed to appreciate the fact that Jo was growing up and was likely to have an independent thought of her own. Jack found it very difficult to come to terms with the fact that his daughter could disagree with him in the ending of the story. 4. How does Jo want the story to end and why? Ans: Jo wants the wizard to hit mommy in revenge as she had hit the Wizard. According to Joe, if Skunk’s mother insisted on changing his smell, then other animals would turn away from him. This is why Joe wanted the story to end when the Wizard hit Skunk’s mother back and wanted that Skunk should have the smell of roses so that other animals play with him. 5. Why does Jack insist that it was the wizard that was hit and not the mother? Ans: Jack wanted Joe to understand the fact that the Skunk’s mother knew what was best for him. Joe’s questioning about the ending of the story sounded like an act of defiance to Jack. While narrating the story about the poor stinky Skunk to Joe, Jack was reminded of all the humiliations of his own childhood. Jack’s support of Skunk’s mother is in actual terms a defense of his own mother who brought him up in the most authoritative manner. 6. What makes Jack feel caught in an ugly middle position? Ans: Joe’s defiance of the ending of her father’s story about Roger Skunk took him by surprise and he thought that Joe is questioning his authority. This gave rise to confusion in Jack’s mind and he was at a loss to understand how to react to his little daughter who suddenly started asserting her opinions. Moreover, Jack was also not able to help his wife, Claire with the painting work as he is stuck with his daughter. Thus Jack felt himself caught in an ugly middle position. 7. How did the Wizard help the skunk? Ans: The Wizard searched for his magic wand and asked Roger Skunk what he wanted to smell like. Roger replied that he wished to smell like roses. As the wizard changed his smell, he was pleased with his transformation and was happy to have friends around him with whom he could play. 8. What had upset Jo about the Skunk’s story? How did Jack react to it? Answer: Roger Skunk’s mother thought that Roger should smell like a little skunk and not like roses. She took Roger Skunk back to that wizard and hit him right over his head with an umbrella and made him change Roger back. This upset Jo as she wanted the wizard to hit Mommy back and refuse to change Roger back. Jo’s reaction angered Jack as he tried to make her see how Roger Skunk’s mother knew what was best for Roger. 9. What story did Jo want to hear the next day? Why? What was the father’s reaction? Answer: Jo pleaded with Jack to continue with the same story, the next day, where the wizard hit Roger’s mommy back with the magic wand. Being a child, she looked forward to a happy ending. But Jack declined to have such an ending as he wanted the little skunk to listen to what his mommy thought was best for him. He reasoned with Jo that Roger loved his mother more than all the other little animals, and she knew what was right for him. ( to be continued)

Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow. Q1. Read the passage given below and complete the statements that follow with the help of given options : Immaculately dressed as always, she arrives at our flat at 5.45 p.m. ,seven days a week. If we aren't in, we trust her completely as she has a spare key. Her gentle mannerisms and stylish attire make us believe the fact that she gets very little sleep and has been working at other houses and her own, since 5.30 a.m. Walking in , Archana Chakravarthy , 40 , homemaker and mother of two , surveys the fridge before deciding what to prepare. Although she offers suggestions , but mostly she makes what my wife , Geeta , asks for. Archana is a Bengali, but we are South Indians and yet she makes excellent sambhar after Geeta showed her how to. I like learning new recipes, says Archana with professional pride. Different families have different tastes. Some like deep fried things, others dislike oil. Some want spicy food, others bland. One person wants Dal mashed , others like to see its grains on their plate. No problem, she says. Mostly people take cooks for granted as long as they are good. But it's nice when someone compliments the cooking. She even dresses well so that families feel comfortable having her in their kitchen. While she makes every effort to please her employers, her own life has been hard. Archana's father , a poor farmer, couldn't send her to school. Being the eldest of six sisters, she was married off at 13, and with her earnings now about Rs. 5,000 monthly, she managed to get her five sisters married. Her husband is a casual factory worker, in and out of jobs. She takes all her troubles in her stride, slogging 17 hours a day to support her two school going sons. Too busy to realize the difference she is making, Archana is one of the countless Indian women who labour hard to keep their families together. (a) Archana is dependable because she __________. (i) dresses immaculately (ii) works in an other's house as in her own (iii) can be trusted with the house key (iv) has gentle manners and comes early. (b) Archana is one who takes pride in __________. (i) dressing well (ii) cooking well (iii) adjusting well (iv) learning well (c) She pleases her employers by __________. (i) cooking well with spices (ii) doing what they expect in taste (iii) dressing well and fashionably (iv) being cleanly dressed and learning new recipes (d) Archana is a pillar of strength as she __________. (i) support her sons (ii) helped her father get money for her sisters (iii) has steady earnings while her husband does not have (iv) all of the above. (e) ''No problem‟ as said by Archana means that __________. (i) she is casual (ii) she doesn't care about troubles (iii) she can manage some situations (iv) she solves all problems as a hobby. Q2. Read the following poem carefully and select the most suitable option as your answer. (a) The title of the poem shows that the poet is looking for -------------. (i) a friend who can help him in his hour of need (ii) a friend as he is a loner (iii) a friend who has godlike qualities (iv) an alien friend from the extra terrestrial world (b) The narrow road indicated in the fourth stanza is/ are ------------- (i) a narrow lane in one of the big cities (ii) a narrow path which leads up the hill (iii) negative thoughts which lead us to make wrong decisions (iv) pride and high headedness (c) To catch a fall means to --------------- (i) catch a falling object (ii) make the best use of end of season sales (iii) rescue a defeated soldier (iv) prevent a person from coming to any harm due to his insolence or false pride (d) The poet wants a friend who : (i) can sympathise with him in his hour of agony (ii) scolds him when he makes a mistake (iii) understands him and does not become judgmental (iv) can transform his habits (e) The poet's best friend is : (i) from amongst the many people he comes across in life (ii) his reader (iii) a priest of the church (iv) a poor helpless man in the street. Q3. Read the passage given below carefully : ADORATION BY MAN (1) We can imagine many reasons. If an exceptionally strong or brave man succeeded in killing an exceptionally large bear , might he not get the idea of boring a hole through one of its teeth with a sharp flint and tying the tooth round his neck in order to remind himself of his great achievement and to show his friends what a great man he was ? Gradually it might have become the custom in that tribe for all strong and brave hunters to wear a bear's tooth, and it might be regarded as a disgrace not to wear one and a sign that one was weak or very young. (2) Another man might make an ornament of a coloured shell or stone simply because he liked it or because its shape reminded him of something. Then if he happened to escape from some danger when he was wearing it he might think the ornament had something to do with it – that it had magic qualities. And his friends and relations would not be satisfied until they had an ornament of the same kind. (3) People who wear ornaments would soon learn to arrange them in different ways according to their size and colour in order to make them more decorative and impressive. A necklace found in Italy with the skeleton of a young man of the Stone Age was quite elaborate. It consisted of stag's teeth arranged at intervals with, between them, two upper rows made up of the vertebrae of a fish and one row of shells. (4) Another reason why men might tie feathers, horns, skins and all kinds of other things to themselves would be in order to make themselves look fierce and more terrifying to animals or to the men of other tribes. (5) Objects – such as sea- shells that came from a distance and were therefore scarce for people living far inland – would come in time to have a special value , and might be worn only by chiefs and their families in order to show that they were particularly important people. (6) Primitive tribes living today often associate themselves with some particular animal or bird , such as an eagle or lion , or with a particular place, such as a mountain or river. Man may have started doing this kind of thing very early in his history Then, every member of a group or family may have worn something such as feathers, claws or even a stone or wooden object of a certain shape or colour, to represent the animal or mountain or whatever it might be that they believed themselves to be connected with. (7) So, as we have seen , clothing may have started as ornament or to distinguish one tribe from another or to show rank or because certain things were believed to have magical qualities. But in some places a time came when men and women began to wear clothes for other reasons. During the Ice Age, when the polar ice spread over far more of the world than it does today, some of the districts in which human beings were living became very cold and bleak indeed. Man must have learnt that he would be more comfortable and more likely to survive, if he covered his body with the skins of animals . At first perhaps, he would simply tie a skin round his waist or over his shoulders but as time passed he learnt how to treat skin in order to make them softer and more supple and how to join them together in order to make better garments. (8) Flint tools have been found buried deep under the earth floors of caves in which prehistoric men sheltered when the weather became colder. Some of the tools were probably used to scrape the inner side of skins to make them soft. Stone Age people may also have softened skins in the same way that Eskimo women do today, by chewing them. The teeth of Eskimo women are often worn down to stumps by the constant chewing of seal skins. (9) Among the wonderful flint and bone tools and implements that later cave men made have been found some beautiful bone needles, some not bigger than those we use today : Although the people who made them had only flint tools to work with, some of the needles are finer and more beautifully shaped than those of Roman times. 1.1 On the basis of your reading of the above passage , complete the following statements briefly. (i) Man started to adorn himself --------------- (ii) The speciality about the necklace found in Italy was that -------- (iii) Man tied feather and skin to himself -------------- (iv) During the Ice age , man realized that ------------- (v) Due to chewing of seal skins the teeth of ------------ (vi) In spite of having just flint tools to work, ------------ 1.2 (i) Why did man begin to clothe himself ? Give two reasons. (ii) What tools did the early man make use of ? 1.3 Find the words from the above passage which mean the same as the following : (i) decorative object ( para 2) (ii) in detail ( para 3) Answer Key is available for download below.

Application for Job: Applications for a job follow the format of a letter. These contain all the essential information of the applicant's candidature. It is important to attach a bio-data or a resume with the application so that all required information of the candidate can be considered for assessing him suitable for the job. Points to Remember • Job application has two parts- (a) covering letter (b) Resume/Biodata • Start body of the letter giving source of information about the job (newspaper) day, date, advertisement number etc. • Share your interest and competence level. • Close the letter giving note that Bio-data / resume is enclosed. • Write 10-12 points in Bio-Data • Bio-data / Resume, Curriculum Vitae is integral part of the job application. Bio-data should include : Name 2. Father's Name 3. Date of Birth/Age 4. Address 5. Hobbies 6. Language Known 7. Nationality 8. Educational Qualifications: (a) Years, Marks and Subjects of the candidate, Name of University etc. 9. Professional Qualifications 10. Experience 11. Salary Expected 12. Reference - At least 2 references The Job Application- A Recap The covering letter is best written in clear paragraphs. The first paragraph deals with the reference to the advertisement for the job; stating clearly where the advertisement appeared (name of the newspaper/date of the issue of the newspaper) as well as the specific job being applied for. In the second paragraph mention briefly your academic qualifications, work experience, current employment status. End the covering letter by mentioning in the last paragraph your reasons for the applying the said organisations, enclosures, specifically the bio-data and favourable consideration of the application. The bio-data should contain the following details : Personal details [name, date of birth, address], Academic qualifications, professional qualifications, work experience, Additional information[any special skills, languages known, hobbies or special achievements, etc.] References,[names, designations, address of people who can vouch for you e.g. Principal of your school, previous employer, etc.] POINTS TO REMEMBER Marks are awarded for the format only if the contents of the letter are correct. Use the new full block style aligning all parts of the letter to the left. In this style no punctuation marks such as commas are used in the address in the format. Do not use outdated expressions such as Respected Sir, Yours obediently, I beg to say....., Sample Example 1 Example : You are Sudha / Sudhir resident of A-7, Shanti Park. You read the following advertisements in a newspaper. Draft an application in response to the advertisement giving your detailed resume. SITUATION VACANT Wanted a young and experienced graduate with fluency in English and Hindi to work as receptionist at Customer Care booths of NCR Groups of Hotels, Delhi. Contact Manager along with your complete C.V. within 7 days of this advertisement. Sample Example 2 You are Lalit/Laxmi, 21, Ravindra Marg, Delhi. Read the advertisement given below and write a letter to the advertiser, applying for the job. Also give your detailed resume, which you would send along with your letter of application for the job. Solace Medical Equipments requires for its Chennai Unit Manager Account Qualification: chartered Accountant/M.Com Experience: 10r 2 years for CA: 10 years for M. Com Competency: Knowledge in finance management and related commercial activities Salary commensurate with qualification and experience. Apply to : Solace Medical Equipments, 10, Sector-4, Gurgaon-15 Sample of a Cover Letter No. 3 Questions for Practice You are Apoorva/Ashmita, A-22 Industrial Colony, Delhi. Read the advertisement given below and write a letter to the advertiser applying for the job. Also give your detailed resume, which you would send along with your letter of application for the job. (AI CBSE 2007) Soalce Medical Equipments requires for its Chennai Unit Senior Executive Accounts Qualification: M. Com Experience: Minimum 5 years Competency: Knowledge in accounting functions and related commercial activities Salary commensurate with qualification and experience. Apply to : Solace Medical Equipments, 10, sector-4, Gurgaon-15 2. You are Krishna / Krishan from F-9, Mayur Vihar, Delhi. You have come across an advertisement in a national daily for recruitment of Radio Jockey by Radio One, Noida. Apply in response to this advertisement giving your detailed bio-data. 3. You are Ritu / Ritva of 131, Jagriti Vihar, Gurgaon. You recently read about a post of chemist being advertised by Charak Research Ltd. Noida. You wish to apply for it. Apply with full details to the Managers of the Production Unit. Reference: Directorate of Education, GNCT of Delhi

Simple Sentences. Complex Sentences. Compound Sentences.

Lesson Architecture Theme Lesson-At-A-Glance NCERT Solution Extra Long Question-Answers Theme The story revolves around the Hack driver who was William Magnuson. In the story he was Oliver Lutkins. Oliver Lutkins had been evading summons for which a representative of the law firm-the narrator himself-was sent to New Mullion to serve him summons. The narrator develops a good taste for the hack driver-introduced to him as Bill- for his pleasantries and pictorial description of New Mullion-a small town-where the narrator was sent to send summons to Oliver Lutkins. In the story the narrator is taken for a ride when he discovers that the person he presumes to be Bill and who impressed him by his mannerism is none other than Oliver Lutkins himself. Lesson At a Glance The narrator of the tory is a junior clerk in a reputed law firm. His job was not to prepare legal briefs but to serve summons. The lawyer was sent by his law firm to the town of New Mullion to serve summons on a man named Oliver Lutkins who was required to be present as a witness in a law case. The narrator was happy to be sent to a small town as he found his work in a law firm very unpleasant and wanted a break from his work. Although the town, being muddy and ugly-looking, does not live up to his expectations, he takes a great liking to the hack driver at the station. The hack driver who claimed himself to be Bill Magnuson, offers to drive the narrator around the town in order to trace Oliver Lutkins. Oliver Lutkins was the person who the narrator came to meet with in order to serve summons to him. The hack driver, being a cheerful and friendly, the narrator did not mind dishing out the hourly fare he was required to pay to find Lutkins. The hack driver, otherwise known in the village by the name of Bill, seemed to know a lot about Lutkins. He informed the narrator that Lutkins never paid anybody any money. So if the narrator approached him in his fancy clothes, he would become suspicious and run away. The hack driver suggested the narrator that he should keep out of sight when the hack driver looked for Lutkins at various places. They went to enquire at Fritz's where Lutkins often went to play poker. They also went to Gustaff's barber shop. Gustaff was angry that Lutkins had not paid him his money, so Bill concluded that Lutkins must have gone to Gray's barber shop where they had missed him by five minutes. Next both went to poolroom where they they heard that Lutkins just left after buying a packet of cigarettes. The narrator offered to buy lunch to Bill who in turn suggested to have the lunch at his residence cooked by his wife. Bill suggested this so that the narrator ended up paying less than the cost at a restaurant. The narrator was very much moved by Bill's narration of New Mullion and its people and he felt reassured in Bill's company even though he knew that Bill was making some money out of him. After the lunch Bill came to know that from a friend of Lutkins that he had gone to his mother's farm which was located three miles north. Bill, the hack driver, told the narrator that Lutkins' mother was a terror and Lutkins must have gone there in order to hide there. The narrator and the hack driver on reaching there confronted an enormous old woman who chased them with a hot iron from the stove. The narrator and Bill had a peek through the windows of the house and also looked for the barn and the stable to arrive at a conclusion that Lutkins was not hiding there. It was time for the narrator to catch the afternoon train to the city and Bill drove him to the station. On his return to the city the narrator was more occupied in his thought for Bill and New Mullion than Oliver Lutkins. He even thought of shifting to New Mullion and practising Law there. At the law firm every one was upset to discover that the narrator was unsuccessful in his effort to trace Lutkins at New Mullion. All were upset as the case was coming up at the court the next morning and Lutkins' presence was inevitable there. The narrator was again sent to New Mullion in the company of a man who had worked with Lutkins before. On reaching New Mullion the narrator was taken aback to see Lutkins' mother talking and laughing with Bill at the station. When he pointed out Bill to the person who accompanied him to trace Lutkins, he was informed that the hack driver who the narrator was introduced to as Bill was none other than Lutkins himself. The narrator was not so surprised at the fact that Bill had fooled him as to find that Lutkins and his mother were laughing at him when Lutkins was served summons. Lutkins and his mother asked the narrator to pay a visit to his neighbour's house for a cup of coffee as their neighbour was the only one who had not seen the narrator the day before and was interested to meet such a simpleton from the city. NCERT Solution Read and Find Out ( page 47) 1. Why is the lawyer sent to New Mullion? What does he first think about the place? Ans: The lawyer is sent to New Mullion to serve summons on a man called Oliver Lutkins who has ignored all previous letters asking him to be physically present to the court. He initially thinks this place to be a sweet and simple country village. But on arriving there his initial impression goes for a toss. Its streets are rivers of mud with rows of wooden shop, either painted a sour brown or bare of any paint at all. 2. Who befriends him? where does he take him? Bill Magnuson, the friendly delivery man at the station befriends him. He takes him to Fritz's shop and then to Gustaff's and Gray's barber shop. 3. What does he say about Lutkins? Ans Bill Magnuson tells the narrator that Lutkins is a hard fellow to catch. He is always up to something or other. He never repays anyone the monney he owes and it is hard to make him part with his money. Read and Find Out ( Page 50) 1. What more does Bill say about Lutkins and his family? Ans: Bill says that Lutkins' mother has a farm three miles north of New Mullion, and is a terror. She is about nine feet and four feet wide. She is as quick as a cat, and she can talk a lot. 2. Does the narrator serve the summons that day? No, the narrator does not serve the summons that day. 3. Who is Lutkins? Oliver Lutkins is none other than Bill Magnuson, the delivery man who drives the narrator around New Mullion, apparently in search for Lutkins. Think About It 1. When the Lawyer reached New Mullion, did Bill know that he was looking for Lutkins? When do you think Bill came up with his plan for fooling the lawyer? Bill knew that the lawyer was looking for Lutkins when the lawyer told him so at the station. Bill came up with his plan for fooling the lawyer as soon as he heard that the narrator was looking for him to deliver a summons. On previous occasions Bill ignored the letters from the court. So when he came to know the purpose of the narrator's visit at New Mullion, he decided to fool him. 2. Lutkins openly takes the lawyer all over the village. How is it that no one lets out the secret? (Hint: Notice that the hack driver asks the lawyer to keep out of sight behind him when they go into Fritz’s.) Can you find other such subtle ways in which Lutkins manipulates the tour? Ans: The following instances from the text can be cited in favour of the statements above. It is very likely that Bill and the people he visited with the narrator in the town were all involved in trickery. It cannot be true that Fritz does not know who Oliver Lutkins is. When asked by Bill, Fritz hesitates a little and then tells them to find Lutkins at Gustaff's Shop. At Gustaff's shop, bill first enters while the narrator lingers by the door. From there they go to Gray's shop and then to the poolroom. At each place they do not find Lutkins. New Mullion being a small place, it is highly unlikely that people do not know Lutkins. Lutkin's mother too seems to be involved as well. When bill and the author go to his mother's farm, she denies having seen her son and chases them with a hot iron. Thus at every point Bill seems to manipulate the tour. 3. Why do you think Lutkins’ neighbours were anxious to meet the lawyer? Ans: Lutkins' neighbours were anxious to meet the lawyer because they wanted to see a lawyer from the city who was supposed to be clever and smart and yet turned out to be a fool. 4. After his first day’s experience with the hack driver the lawyer thinks of returning to New Mullion to practise law. Do you think he would have reconsidered this idea after his second visit? Ans: Yes, certainly the lawyer would have reconsidered his idea of returning to New Mullion to practise Law. He had been fooled by Bill, the hack driver, whom he considered to be such a deep and richly human, ended up fooling him. He must have been highly disappointed at the double standard approach from Bill whose 'philosphy of simplicity and laughter' had made the lawyer consider returning to New Mullion. 5. Do you think the lawyer was gullible? How could he have avoided being taken for a ride? The lawyer was certainly gullible. He could have discontinued taking the service of Bill when he realized that he was charging him too much. He should have also taken the lead of asking Fritz and Gustaff himself about Lutkins instead of allowing Bill to take the lead. Long Questions 1. Lutkins justifies the proverb ' All that glitters is not gold'. Describe how he fooled the lawyer/narrator in story. Ans : Lutkins appeared to be very helpful and friendly. When the narrator reached New Mullion, he was befooled by Lutkins with a pseudo name Bill and volunteered to drive him round the small town to trace Lutkins. He even charged the narrator two dollars for every hour. He pretended to be honest and helpful but he just befooled the lawyer. He instructed the narrator to keep a safe distance when Bill himself went to ask Fritz and Gustaff's barber shop about the whereabouts of Lutkins. Bill has involved them in the trickery. Bill even involved his own mother in fooling the narrator in his pursuit for Lutkins. Thus we can say that Bill has deceived the narrator all throughout the latter's trip to New Mullion. We learn from this story that we should not take any stranger for granted just by their apparently genuine pleasantries. Some people might appear to help us and impress us with their convincing speaking skills. But we should not trust them and not take any undue service and favour from such tricky people like Oliver Lutkins himself. 2. Towards the end of the story, the lawyer was hurt on knowing the truth of the hack driver. How do you describe Lutkins in the context of the above statement. Ans : The narrator took Lutkins for a charming fellow with a gifted narration skill. He was highly impressed by disguised Lutkins' pleasantries and offer for help. He was so pleased by the disguised Lutkins so much so that he even considered returning to New Mullion to practise Law. He had found the disguised Lutkins deep and richly human. The lawyer's impression of the place and the people of New Mullion went for a toss on his second trip to the village. He discovered that the person whom he came to know as Bill was no other than Oliver Lutkins himself. Thus the narrator's faith on his trip guide met a watery grave. From the incidence it is obvious that Lutkins was a cheat. He always wears a camouflage-like appearance in the society. At the end both he and his mother had a heary laugh at the lawyer. The laughter stemmed from their successful effort at making the lawyer the fool. Thus, Lutkins truned out a trickster towards the end of the story. <<<<<<<<< The End>>>>>>>>>>

Question: In the following Passage, one word has been omitted in each line. Choose the omitted word from the options given after the passage. The first one is given as an example. For the Answer key, Click Here.

Lesson Architecture Story-At-A-Glance NCERT Solution Extra Questions Story-At-A-Glance The Story is set in the background of a school, on the last day of a session. Taplow is a student awaiting his result. Frank is a young science teacher. Mr. Crocker-Harris is Taplow's class teacher. Taplow has been given extra work by his teacher for missing a day in the last week owing to illness. Frank is friendly with students while Mr. Crocker-Harris is stern and disciplined and always goes by the rule. Mr. Crocker-Harris never leaks out results, nor does he favour any student for doing extra work. He gives only what the student deserves. Frank suggests that Taplow should not wait for Mr. Harris, but go home. Taplow discloses that no student dared to disobey Mr. Harris. Though he has no sadistic streak in him unlike some other teachers , yet he is respected and obeyed by the students. Frank envies the elderly teacher's command over the students. Mr. Crocker Harris does not care about people liking him. He does not display his feelings. Despite everything, Taplow likes the teacher. Millie Crocker-Harris appears on the scene and informs that her husband has gone on work and would be late. She suggests that Taplow should go out and play, but the boy is scared of his teacher. She volunteers to take the blame on herself and sends him to a chemist so that he could he could at least go out and relax for a while. NCERT Solution: Notice these expressions in the text. Infer their meaning from the context. remove: result of promotion to a higher class in a British school. Slackers: idlers. muck: something unpleasant or worthless. Kept in : detained after class as punishment. got carried away: moved to unreasoning enthusiasm. Cut: stay away from Sadist: One who takes pleasure in other's pain. Shriveled up: Shrunk or wrinkled. Understanding the Text: Comment on the attitude shown by Taplow towards Crocker-Harris. Ans: Taplow is very scared of Crocker Harris as he is very strict and disciplinarian. Taplow does not give in to any temptation of leaving the place even when the young science teacher Frank suggests so. Mr. Crocker-harris always abides by the rule and never shows undue favour to anyone for working extra hours. Taplow respects Crocker Harris and laughs at his teacher's joke out of politeness. He defends his teacher in front of Frank. He even goes on to say that Mr. Crocker-Harris does not take pleasure in torturing the boys unlike some other teachers of his school. Therefore, Taplow's attitude towards Crocker Harris is respectful and he obedient. 2. Does Frank seem to encourage Taplow's comments on Crocker-Harris? Ans: Frank encourages Taplow to make fun of his elderly teacher. Frank is obviously envious of the obedience that Mr. Crocker Harris commands from his students. The following instances show that Frank makes fun of Crocker Harris. Frank even insinuates Taplow to run away because Crocker Harris is already a little late. When Taplow imitates Mr. Crocker Harris, Frank craftily asks him to repeat so that they could make fun at the expense of the teacher. When Taplow relates to Frank about the joke in class, Frank takes the opportunity of laughing at Crocker Harris. Therefore, it is obvious that Frank enjoys enjoys the fact that Mr. Crocker Harris is sometimes ridiculed by his his own pupil. 3. What do you gather about Crocker-Harris from the play? Ans: From the account of Taplow we come to know that Crocker Harris is a strict disciplinarian and always adheres to compliance of rules. He is a hard task master and does not excuse any laziness from students' end. The students are well aware that he is not biased in his approach towards students. Students are not given any inflated marks by Crocker Harris and they score what they deserve. Although students dislike his sternness, yet they respect him because he is not a sadist like some others in school. Taplow sums up Mr Crocker Harris in his own words, 'The funny thing is that in spite of everything, I do rather like him. I can't help it.' Extra Questions 1. Who is Crocker Harris / What makes him different from other teachers? Ans: Mr. Crocker-Harris is a senior teacher in the school and teaches literature in lower fifth. He is different from other teachers because he always sticks to rules, does not like flattery and is not biased towards any student. He does not belong to the category of a sadist and is therefore respected by the students. 2. Do you think frank encourages Taplow to make fun of Mr. Crocker Harris? Ans: Frank certainly encourages Taplow to make fun of Mr. Crocker Harris. When Taplow imitates his teacher, Frank asks him to repeat it. When Taplow relates the incident of Mr. Crocker Harris cutting a poor joke in class, Frank encourages Taplow's mimicry. 3. Why do you think that Frank envies Mr. Crocker Harris? Ans: Frank envies Mr. Crocker Harris because the latter commands respect and authority from his students. He is a strict disciplinarian and the students cannot dare remain absent from his class. 4. Why was Taplow given extra work on the last day of school? Ans: Even on the last day, Taplow was given extra work by Mr. Crocker-Harris. It was because he had missed a day the previous week due to illness. Mr. Crocker Harris, being a tough task master, never excused the boys on any ground. 5. Who is Millie ? What does she ask Taplow to do? Ans: Millie is the wife if Mr. Crocker Harris. When she finds Taplow being made to wait by her husband, she feels bad and tells him to go and play for a while. When he shows reluctance, she sends him to a chemist to get some medicines for his teacher so that he could take a break on this pretext. Consider visiting Home Page of Class XI Here <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< End>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Lesson Architecture Main Events of the Story NCERT Solution Extra Questions Link for Quiz/MCQ from the lesson Main Events of the Story Albert Einstein's concept of education was quite different from others. He was never interested in learning dates and facts of History. According to him, ideas were more important that dates and facts. Mr. Braun, his History teacher was infuriated by his attitude. He said that Albert was a disgrace to the school and should leave school instead of wasting his father's money. As Albert was unhappy with school system, his dwelling and his food, he wanted to leave the school by himself. But he was skeptical about his father's opinion about it. His only friend was Yuri in whom he confided his miseries. He thought of a plan to get out of the school. He asked Yuri for a doctor who would certify him with nervous breakdown and advise him to stay away from school for some time. Yuri said that he would try his best. A fresh medical graduate gave Yuri an appointment for Albert. Dr. Ernest Weil, himself a student till recent times, understood the problem and told him that he was suffering a nervous breakdown. Otherwise he would not have come to him. The doctor issued the certificate free of charge and told him to treat Yuri to dinner. Yuri advised Albert to go his Maths teacher and collect a recommendation before meeting the head teacher. The Maths teacher Mr. Koch willingly gave Albert a glowing reference saying there was nothing more he could teach Albert. In fact, he would have a lot to learn from Albert. Albert was called by the Head teacher and was asked to leave the school as his behaviour became intolerable for others. Albert wanted to justify himself but controlled himself somehow and walked out without closing the door. Albert was relieved at leaving the place where he had spent five years of misery. Yuri was the only person in Munich he wanted to bid goodbye. Yuri, in turn, wished him happiness and luck. NCERT Solution 1. What do you understand of Einstein's nature from his conversations with his history teacher, his mathematics teacher and the head teacher? Ans: Einstein was a student more interested in ideas than learning dates and facts of historical events. His History teacher often rebuked Einstein for not complying with his instructions of learning facts from History book. Einstein's interaction with his Mathematics teacher was very cordial and endearing. He was highly appreciative of Einstein's potential in Maths. In his glowing recommendation letter he wrote that there was nothing more to teach Einstein in school. But the Head teacher was not able to see the genius in Einstein. He called Einstein a nuisance in class, rebellious and a disturbing element and asked him to leave the school on his own accord. 2. The school system often curbs individual talents. Discuss. The school system is not geared up to recognize the aptitude and talent of each and every student. As a result, many a student end up pursuing career in which they have no aptitude. Moreover, we shall not be given due recognition if we do not go to school and pass out from the school. The school system of education is not optimized for catering to individual differences. It, therefore, kills the natural instinct in children to excel in their individual areas of expertise. Great personalities like Thomas Edison, Bill Gates, Larry Allison have all encountered the challenges in fulfilling their objectives in school life. The school curriculum did not suit their individual aptitude and skill. Thus, it is true that the school system of education often curbs individual talents. 3. How do you distinguish between information gathering and insight formation? Ans: Our present system of education is geared for information gathering instead of insight formation. Information gathering is a mechanical task and does not contribute to the holistic growth of a child. The History teacher insisted on learning by heart information on dates and facts. But Einstein wanted to know why battles were fought and why the soldiers were being killed instead of the number of soldiers being killed. On the other hand, insight formation requires more persistent and systematic approach towards studies. Students need to develop independent thinking, lateral thinking and research on a topic and come up with conclusive evidences for inference and so on. Our system of education does not emphasize on experiential learning mode which contributes towards insight formation. Extra Questions 1. Who was Yuri? What was his role in the story? Ans: Yuri was Albert's only friend in Munich and his close confidante. When Albert decided to leave the school, he asked Yuri to get a doctor's certificate issued declaring Albert to be medically unfit for the school. Yuri fixed an appointment with Dr. Ernst Weil, a fresh graduate, who readily certified Albert with nervous breakdown and recommended six months rest. Yuri also suggested Albert to take a letter of recommendation from the Mathematics Teacher before submitting the certificate to the head teacher. 2. Describe Albert's meeting with the head teacher. Ans: The head teacher summoned Albert in his chamber and asked him to leave school . He told him that due to his rebellious nature , his presence in the classroom has become intolerable. Albert asked if he was being expelled. The head teacher suggested him to leave the school on his own accord. Albert wanted to justify himself, but managed to restrain. On informing the head teacher that he had already decided to leave the school, Albert walked out of the room and immediately left the school. 3. How did Albert justify his view on education? Ans: Albert said that ideas mattered more than facts. There was no point in knowing dates or number of soldiers being killed in a battle. It would be educative to know why those soldiers killed one another. Albert gave more emphasis on insight formation than gathering information. 4. Who was Elsa? Why did she disapprove of the book that Albert was reading? Ans: Elsa was Albert's cousin and friend. She lived in Berlin where her father had his business. She often came to meet Albert in Munich. When Elsa saw Albert with a book on Geology, she asked him whether it was required in school. On learning that it was not required in school, she suggested him not to read something which would not help him with his diploma. 5. Why was Albert nervous when he met the doctor? Ans: Albert was so worried about what to tell the doctor that by the time of his appointment, he was quite nervous. Moreover, he was very bad at lying and thus, would not be able to deceive the doctor. 6. How did Mr. Koch react to Albert leaving the school? Ans: Mr. Koch admitted that Albert was wasting his time in his class as there was nothing more to teach him. He wrote that Albert was ready to immediately go in for higher studies in Maths. Consider visiting Class XI Homepage Here

Lesson Architecture Theme Line-Wise Explanation NCERT Solution Link for Questions for Practice Poetic Devices MCQ Worksheet Theme: The rain has been personified in the poem in the form of a diaglogue. The poem is the depiction of the life cycle of the rain. The poem describes the rain as a natural phenomenon, which affects a sensitive human heart. Line-Wise Explanation Line 1-7 And who art thou? said I to the soft-falling shower, Which, strange to tell, gave me an answer, as here translated: I am the Poem of Earth, said the voice of the rain, Eternal I rise impalpable out of the land and the bottomless sea, Upward to heaven, whence, vaguely form’d, altogether changed, and yet the same, Vocabulary: Thou: you Shower: rain fall. Translated: in other words. Eternal: everlasting Impalpable: Not able to touch. Bottomless: extremely deep. Vaguely: indefinite, unclear. Paraphrase: The poet begins by asking the rain, ' Who are you?' To his utter surprise he got a response, which is translated by the poet to the readers. The rain replies that it is the lyrical composition of the earth. It rises up in the sky from the deep sea unseen by anybody. In the sky its shape is changed when it is converted into the cloud. Line 8-14 I descend to lave the droughts, atomies, dust-layers of the globe, And all that in them without me were seeds only, latent, unborn; And forever, by day and night, I give back life to my own origin, And make pure and beautify it; Vocabulary: Descend: come down Lave: wash Atomies: tiny particles Latent: inactive, not visible Paraphrase: The rain further says that it come down on earth in the form of rain to wash and cleanse the dry earth, its fine particles and dusty layers. The rain refreshes the flora and fauna, entire vegetation of the earth and sprouts the hidden dormant seeds. The rain continues the endless process of giving life to where it originated from. The earth is washed, purified and beautified with shower dropped from the sky. Line 15-17 For song, issuing from its birth-place, after fulfillment, wandering Reck’d or unreck’d, duly with love returns.) Vocabulary: Issuing: originating after fulfillment: after accomplishing its mission. wandering: going from one place to another. Reck’d or unreck’d: noticed or unnoticed Paraphrase: The poet compares the rain with song here. The song of the rain originates from the earth, wanders to fulfill its desire to refresh people's mind and hearts irrespective of recognition. It then comes back to the earth at the proper time, with love, regardless whether anyone notices its presence. NCERT Solution: Think it Out 1.There are two voices in the poem. Who do they belong to ? Which lines indicate this? Ans: One voice belongs to the poet who speaks to us. The other voice is that of the rain that is heard by the poet. The opening line of the poem 'And who art thou? said I to the soft-falling shower,'' indicates the poet's voice. The third line of the poem 'I am the Poem of Earth, said the voice of the rain' indicates the second voice of the rain. 2. What does the phrase 'strange to tell' mean? Ans: It refers to the surprising reply of the rain in response to the query of the poet about who it is. The poet finds it strange to describe what the rain said in reply. 3. There is a parallel between rain and music. Which words indicate this? Explain the similarity between the two. Ans: Words like 'poem', 'soft-falling shower', 'voice of the rain' and 'song' indicate the parallelism drawn between music and rain. Rain describes itself a lyrical composition of the earth having a melody of its own. The 'soft falling shower' has a musical rhythm. The poet concludes the poem by referring the rain as the song of the earth. The song wanders far and wide, but returns in due time, carrying with it a love for the earth and for every life. 4. How is the cyclic movement of rain bought out in the poem? Compare it with what you have learnt in science. Ans: The rain rises from the land and deep sea in the form of water vapour . In the sky it cools down and takes the form of cloud vaguely formed and then comes down as showers to he same place where it had originated. Thus the cycle movement of the rain is complete. 5. Why are the last two lines put within brackets? Ans: The last two lines are not the voice of the rain. They are the poet's statement on the music of the rain. The poet compares the rain as the song of the earth. It returns to earth regardless of any recognition in due time to its birth -place after completion of its course. 6. List the pairs of opposites found in the poem. Ans: The pairs of opposites found in the poem are the following: a) rise and descend b) lave and drought c) day and night d) upward to heaven and the bottomless sea. e) Reck'd and unreck'd. POETIC DEVICES: 1. PERSONIFICATION: “said the voice of the rain” Rain speaks throughout the poem. 2. ANTITHESIS: “All together changed, and yet the same”- two opposite ideas have been pulled together to describe the continuous cycle of rain. 3. METAPHOR: “I am the poem of the earth”. Click Here for Practice of Extra Questions.