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"Unleashing Success: Mastering Board Exams with Insights from 2019 to 2024 '' 2024-2019 (Board-PYQs-English) 👇Lessons Hyperlinks for Quick Access👇 The Third Level The Tiger King Journey To The End of the Earth The Enemy On the Face of It Memories of Childhood VISTAS The Third Level   Q1. Describe briefly the Third Level. How did it differ from the Second Level? The Third Level is a mysterious and seemingly time-traveling location within Grand Central Station. Charley discovers it accidentally when he gets lost trying to take the subway home. The Third Level is distinct from the Second Level in that it appears to be a portal to the past, specifically the year 1894. The atmosphere on the Third Level reflects the late 19th century, with people dressed in clothing from that era, gaslights illuminating the space, and outdated technology. It is a place where one can apparently purchase train tickets to various destinations in the United States but for the year 1894. Q2. What role does Sam’s letter play in the story? Sam's letter serves as crucial evidence for Charley and Louisa that the Third Level is real. It confirms that Sam, who disappeared mysteriously, has found the Third Level and is living in Galesburg, Illinois, in 1894. The letter is a message of invitation for Charley and Louisa to join him on the Third Level, emphasizing the idyllic and peaceful life of that time. Sam's letter becomes a catalyst for Charley and Louisa to believe in the existence of the Third Level and motivates them to keep searching for it. Q3. What do you learn about Galesburg, Illinois, during 1894 from the lesson 'The Third Level'? From the story, we learn that Galesburg, Illinois, in 1894 is depicted as a charming and peaceful town. The description includes big old frame houses, huge lawns, and tall trees with branches meeting overhead. The evenings are described as being twice as long, with people sitting on their lawns, men smoking cigars and talking quietly, and women waving palm-leaf fans. The setting portrays a serene and idyllic atmosphere, emphasizing the nostalgia and appeal of the past. Q4. Why did Charley buy old-style currency? Charley bought old-style currency because he wanted to use it to purchase tickets on the Third Level at Grand Central Station. When he initially tried to buy tickets with modern currency, the clerk rejected it, considering it counterfeit. To avoid suspicion and ensure a successful transaction, Charley exchanged his modern money for old-style bills, matching the currency used in the year 1894 on the Third Level. Q5. Do you think that the third level was a medium of escape? Why/Why not? Yes, the Third Level can be interpreted as a medium of escape. Charley and others who find this mysterious level have the opportunity to travel back in time to a seemingly simpler and more peaceful era, away from the complexities and troubles of the modern world. The appeal of Galesburg, Illinois, in 1894, with its nostalgic charm, represents a desire for an escape from the anxieties of the present. The Third Level becomes a literal and metaphorical escape route for those seeking refuge from the challenges of their contemporary lives. 2020 Q6. The modern world is full of insecurity, fear, war, worry and stress. What are the ways in which we attempt to overcome them? (120-150 Words/ 5 Marks) 1. Psychological Escapism:    Individuals often resort to psychological escapism as a means of overcoming the challenges posed by the modern world. This involves seeking refuge in alternate realities or daydreams to temporarily detach from the harsh realities of life. 2. Hobbies and Collections:    Engaging in hobbies or building collections, as seen in the protagonist's stamp collecting, serves as a temporary refuge from the stresses of the contemporary world. These activities provide a sense of purpose and diversion from daily anxieties. 3. Seeking Unconventional Solutions:  In the case of Charley from "The Third Level," the discovery of the mysterious Third Level at Grand Central Station becomes an unconventional solution. It symbolizes a physical and temporal escape, offering a retreat to a seemingly simpler era. 4. Nostalgia and Idealization:   An inclination towards nostalgia and idealization of the past is a common strategy. The desire to revisit a perceived better time, as showcased in the story's portrayal of 1894, reflects an attempt to escape the challenges of the contemporary world. 5. Materialistic Distractions:  Some individuals turn to materialistic distractions, such as acquiring old-style currency, to recreate a semblance of the past. This may involve collecting vintage items or engaging in activities that evoke a sense of historical comfort. In summary, people employ diverse strategies ranging from psychological escapism to tangible actions like exploring mysterious avenues, all in an effort to overcome the insecurities, fears, wars, and stress prevalent in the modern world. Q7. In the story “The Third Level”, reality and fantasy are interwoven. Justify. (All India 2024 | Set 1/1/1) Ans: Reality  is reflected in the post-World War II setting, where Charley feels overwhelmed by the pressures of modern life. Seeking an escape, he enters Grand Central Station and stumbles upon what seems to be a third level. However, in reality, only two levels exist. Charley’s psychiatrist, Sam, later dismisses the experience as a "waking dream" or wish fulfillment. Charley even buys old-style currency from the third level, but when he looks for it again, it vanishes. The final twist reveals Sam’s letter in a collection of first-day covers, suggesting that Sam himself may have disappeared into this imagined space. Fantasy  is evident in Charley’s description of the third level: a place with an old locomotive, fewer ticket windows, and brass spittoons. The setting feels like the late 19th century, with gas lamps, old-style currency, and people dressed in the fashion of that era. The presence of a newspaper dated 1894 further reinforces the fantasy, blending Charley’s wish for an idealized past with his escape from the present. Q8. Louisa behaves like a perfect wife. Give evidence from The Third Level in support of the above statement. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/4/1) Ans: Louisa behaves like a perfect wife by showing concern and support for Charlie despite his unusual obsession. She is initially upset and offended when her psychiatrist friend, Sam, suggests that Charlie is "unhappy," indicating her protective nature. Louisa also worries when Charlie searches for the Third Level, understanding his desire for escape. Despite her doubts, she later accompanies Charlie in looking for the Third Level, showing her loyalty and willingness to stand by him, even in his seemingly irrational pursuits. The Tiger King Q1. What was Maharaja's mission? How did he resolve to overcome the obstacles in the fulfilment of his mission?    The Maharaja's mission was to kill a hundred tigers. He resolved to overcome obstacles in the fulfillment of his mission by issuing a proclamation that banned tiger hunting by anyone except himself. The State astrologer's prediction also played a crucial role in shaping his determination. He faced dangers during the hunts, but his indomitable courage and determination allowed him to successfully kill seventy tigers. Q2. What was the hidden agenda behind the Tiger King’s marriage with the princess in the neighbouring state ? The hidden agenda behind the Tiger King's marriage with the princess in the neighbouring state was to find a bride from a royal family with a large tiger population. This strategic decision was made to ensure that he could continue his tiger hunts, as killing tigers had become a significant aspect of his identity and rule. Q3. What did the astrologers depict about the child when he was born? The astrologers foretold that the newborn prince would mature into a heroic figure, renowned for his bravery and warrior prowess. Additionally, He noted that the infant was born during the hour of the bull, and as the bull and the tiger were considered adversaries, the astrologers predicted that his demise would be attributed to a tiger. Q4.  How  did the ‘duraisani’ behave on receiving the gifts? Upon receiving expensive diamond rings from the Maharaja, the duraisani (wife of the British officer) did not send back the rings as expected. Instead, she thanked the Maharaja for the gifts. Subsequently, a bill for three lakh rupees arrived from the British jewellers, and the Maharaja considered it a small price to pay to retain his kingdom. Q5. Which problem did the Maharaja face after killing seventy tigers when he had vowed to kill 100 tigers? After killing seventy tigers, the Maharaja faced a problem when the tiger population became extinct in the forests of Pratibandapuram. Despite his determination to kill a hundred tigers, the scarcity of tigers in his own state became a hurdle, and he struggled to find the remaining thirty tigers. Q6. Did the Tiger King manage to kill the hundredth Tiger / why /why not ? No, the Tiger King did not manage to kill the hundredth tiger. In a twist of events, the last tiger he believed he had killed turned out to be alive. The tiger had fainted from the shock of a missed bullet, and the Maharaja remained unaware of this. The tiger was later killed by one of the hunters to maintain the Maharaja's belief that he had successfully completed his mission. In a tragic turn of events, the Maharaja contracted a fatal infection from a wooden splinter while playing with a toy tiger, and the surgeons declared him dead after a failed operation. This marked the hundredth tiger's final revenge upon the Tiger King. 2020 Q7.   How  did the Tiger King meet his end ? What is ironical about his death? Ans: The Tiger King, Maharaja Jilani Jung Jung Bahadur, met his end due to an unexpected turn of events following his mission to kill a hundred tigers. After successfully hunting numerous tigers, he faced a shortage as the tiger population in Pratibandapuram's forests became extinct. The irony lies in the fact that the Maharaja, known for his prowess in tiger hunting, did not meet his end during a tiger hunt. Instead, his death resulted from a seemingly trivial incident. While playing with a wooden tiger toy meant for his son, he suffered an infection from a splinter that led to a fatal suppurating sore. This ironic twist contrasts with his grand ambitions and fearless encounters with real tigers. Despite efforts by renowned surgeons to treat the infection, the Maharaja's condition worsened. The irony deepened when the surgeons, who intended to save him through an operation, emerged from the theatre declaring the operation successful while simultaneously announcing the Maharaja's demise. This unforeseen consequence marked the hundredth tiger's final revenge, fulfilling the astrologers' prediction in an unexpected and ironic manner. Q8. What confusion does the Dewan have when the Tiger King broaches the topic of his marriage ? ( All India 2024 | Set 1/1/1) Ans: When the Tiger King broaches the topic of his marriage, the Dewan is confused because he initially thinks the King wants to marry him or perhaps a tiger, or even bring in a tiger queen. This confusion arises from the King's unconventional way of speaking. Q9. The story “The Tiger King” is a satire on the conceit of those in power. How does the author employ the literary device of dramatic irony in the story ? (All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1)   Ans: In The Tiger King , the author uses dramatic irony to satirize the conceit of those in power, particularly the Maharaja. The Maharaja’s arrogance and misuse of power are evident as he is focused solely on proving the astrologer's prediction wrong, disregarding the welfare of his subjects and the animals. His callous attitude towards the tigers, who are killed recklessly to fulfill his obsession, demonstrates his self-centeredness and indifference to the world around him. Dramatic irony is employed when readers know that the Maharaja is destined to die not from the hundredth tiger, but from a seemingly harmless wooden one. Despite his relentless pursuit of the tigers and his belief that he has escaped the astrologer’s curse, the irony lies in his unexpected death from a sliver. While he survives numerous tiger hunts, he ultimately dies in an entirely different manner, highlighting the futility of his actions and the inevitable nature of fate. Q10. Do you think the prediction made by the state astrologer “was indisputably disproved”? Give reasons in support of your answer.  (All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1) Ans: Yes, the prediction made by the state astrologer was indisputably disproved . Although the astrologer warned that death would come to the king from a tiger, the hundredth tiger did not kill him. Ironically, the Tiger King was killed by an inanimate wooden tiger. While he believed he had defeated fate by killing 99 tigers and surviving the encounter with the hundredth one, a small splinter from the toy tiger, which he overlooked as harmless, led to a fatal infection. This twist underscores that while he escaped death by a real tiger, destiny found an unusual way to fulfill the prophecy. Q11. “Tiger population became extinct in the forests of Pratibandapuram.” Tiger King is a typical example of man’s dominance over nature. As a member of your school Eco Club, write an article for your school magazine on how man should follow the policy of ‘Live and Let Live’. You may begin like this. The noblest principle, man should follow in his life is co-existence. ( All India | Set 1/4/1) Ans: Live and Let Live: A Call for Co-existence The noblest principle man should follow in his life is co-existence. The story of The Tiger King  is a stark example of how man’s desire for dominance can disrupt nature’s balance. The Tiger King, instead of protecting the creatures of his kingdom, hunted tigers relentlessly to disprove an astrologer’s prophecy. This obsession led to the extinction of tigers in Pratibandapuram and even affected the population in his in-laws’ estate. Man must recognize that he is a trustee, not the owner, of the Earth. Respect for all life forms and practicing sustainable development are vital for our survival. We should educate people to be responsible stewards of the environment, promote afforestation, and enact stringent laws against poaching. Preserving ecological balance is essential for maintaining harmony. Only by adhering to ‘Live and Let Live’  can we ensure a future where nature and mankind coexist peacefully. Q12. Until then the Maharaja had given his entire time and energy to tiger hunting. He had no time to spare for the crown prince. (The Tiger king) In the present times, we see people following their profession and running after money and neglect their children. As a professional counselor, you address working parents, stressing the need to spend quality time with children. Take material from the story ‘The Tiger King’ to re-inforce your points of view. You may begin like this. Spending time with children will boost their confidence….. ( All India 2024 | set 1/4/2) Ans: Address to Working Parents on the Importance of Quality Time with Children Spending time with children will boost their confidence and nurture their emotional well-being. In today’s fast-paced world, many parents prioritize their careers and financial pursuits, often neglecting their children. As seen in The Tiger King , the Maharaja devoted all his time to tiger hunting, driven by his obsession to disprove the royal astrologer. He paid little attention to the crown prince, spending time with him only when forced by circumstances. Even his birthday gift—a crude wooden tiger—was chosen with minimal thought, reflecting his detachment. Parents’ presence, not presents, is vital for a child’s development. A busy schedule should not lead to a widening emotional gap between parents and children. Quality time fosters strong family bonds, social cohesion, and instills valuable cultural and social values. Parents are the best guides and motivators; their active involvement shapes confident, balanced individuals who thrive in all aspects of life. Journey to the End of the Earth Q1. What were the author's initial emotions on setting foot in Antarctica? The author's initial emotions on setting foot in Antarctica were relief, followed by immediate and profound wonder. The relief likely stemmed from the culmination of a long and arduous journey involving various modes of transportation. The wonder was directed at the immensity and isolation of Antarctica, particularly reflecting on the historical connection when India and Antarctica were part of the same landmass. Q2. What are the significant features of the ‘Students on Ice Programme’? The significant features of the 'Students on Ice Programme' include its aim to provide high school students with inspiring educational opportunities at the ends of the world, particularly in Antarctica. The program, led by Geoff Green, focuses on fostering a new understanding and respect for the planet among the future generation of policy-makers. It offers life-changing experiences for students, allowing them to absorb, learn, and take action regarding environmental issues. Q3. Why did Geoff Green include young students in his programme? ( All India 2024 | Set 1/3/1) Geoff Green included young students in the 'Students on Ice Programme' because he wanted to offer the future generation of policy-makers a life-changing experience at an age when they are ready to absorb, learn, and act. The program aims to instill a deeper understanding and respect for the planet in young minds, emphasizing the importance of environmental conservation and sustainability. Q4. How can a visit to Antarctica be an enlightening experience? Elaborate. A visit to Antarctica can be an enlightening experience due to several factors. The continent's pristine environment, devoid of human population, allows for a direct observation of natural processes and ecosystems. Antarctica's simple ecosystem and lack of biodiversity make it an ideal place to study how small changes in the environment can have significant repercussions. Additionally, the continent holds ancient ice cores with half-million-year-old carbon records, providing insights into the Earth's past, present, and future. The immersive experience in Antarctica forces individuals to place themselves in the context of the Earth's geological history, fostering a deep appreciation for the planet's fragility and the impact of human activities. Q5. How has human civilization impacted our environment? Comment with reference to the lesson 'Journey to the End of the Earth'. Human civilization has impacted the environment significantly, as highlighted in the lesson 'Journey to the End of the Earth.' The author mentions that human civilizations have been around for a relatively short period of 12,000 years, yet in this brief time, humans have created a considerable impact. The rapid increase in human populations has led to competition with other species for limited resources, while the unmitigated burning of fossil fuels has contributed to a rise in carbon dioxide levels, affecting the global climate. The lesson emphasizes climate change as one of the most contested environmental debates, and Antarctica plays a crucial role in this discussion. The continent's pristine nature and ice cores containing ancient carbon records make it a vital location for studying the Earth's past, present, and future. The author suggests that witnessing the visible effects of climate change, such as glaciers retreating and ice shelves collapsing, makes the threat of global warming more tangible. Overall, the lesson highlights the importance of understanding and addressing the environmental impact of human activities, especially in the context of climate change and its potential consequences. 2020 Q6. How was Gondwana different from today’s world ? Describe it. Ans: Gondwana was a giant amalgamated southern supercontinent that existed approximately 600 to 500 million years ago. It was centered roughly around the present-day Antarctica and included landmasses that are now part of South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Arabian Peninsula. Gondwana was significantly different from today's world in several aspects: 1. Geographical Configuration: Gondwana represented a massive landmass that was a combination of several continents. The continents we recognize today were part of this singular supercontinent, and their current positions and shapes were vastly different from what we see today. 2. Climate: The climate of Gondwana during its existence was much warmer than the present. It hosted a diverse range of flora and fauna due to the milder temperatures. The climate supported a wide variety of ecosystems across the supercontinent. 3. Biodiversity: Gondwana thrived for approximately 500 million years, and during this time, it harbored a rich diversity of plant and animal species. However, these species were different from the ones we find today, as evolution and extinction events have shaped the Earth's biodiversity over millions of years. 4. Human Presence: Human beings had not yet appeared on the global scene during the time of Gondwana. The emergence of complex life forms, including humans, occurred much later in the Earth's history. 5. Landmass Arrangement: Over time, as the dinosaurs went extinct and the age of mammals began, Gondwana started to break apart. The landmasses drifted and separated, forming the continents as we know them today. This process shaped the modern geographical arrangement of continents and ocean basins. 6. Continental Drift: The breakup of Gondwana played a crucial role in the phenomenon of continental drift. The separation of landmasses and their movement over geological time scales has influenced the Earth's topography and climate patterns. In summary, Gondwana was a vastly different world from today, characterized by a warmer climate, different species, and a singular supercontinent that eventually gave rise to the continents we recognize in the present day. The study of Gondwana provides insights into the dynamic geological and climatic changes that have shaped the Earth over millions of years. Q7. “My Antarctic experience was full of such epiphanies,” says Tishani Doshi. Which experience does she consider the best and why? ( All India 2024 | Set 1/1/1 ) Ans: Tishani Doshi considers the experience of walking on the frozen ocean as the best because it was a profound moment of connection with nature. She describes walking on the stark whiteness that stretched out forever, with 180 meters of living, breathing saltwater beneath her, and observing Crabeater seals sunning themselves on the ice, which was a surreal and transformative experience. Q8. Tishani Doshi considered the programme ‘Students on Ice’ a success. Do you agree with her? Why/Why not? (All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1) Ans: Yes, ‘Students on Ice’ was successful as it exposed future policymakers to Antarctica's pristine environment, fostering a life-changing awareness. This experience deepened their respect for Earth and instilled a commitment to sustainability and responsible environmental decision-making. Q9. ‘And for humans, the prognosis is not good;’ What is in store for humans, as per the above statement ?   (All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1) Ans: The statement refers to the alarming consequences of climate change. Rising global temperatures and global warming are leading to the melting of the Antarctic ice sheets and glaciers, causing sea levels to rise. Additionally, the disruption of the Gulf Stream ocean currents could further exacerbate climate instability, impacting weather patterns, agriculture, and human habitats. These changes pose a significant threat to humanity's future, highlighting the urgent need for action to mitigate environmental damage. Q10. ‘With students of ice, he offers future generation of policy makers a life-changing experience…’ (The Journey to End of the Earth) What expectation of the narrator is reflected in the above line? (All India 2024 | Set 1/4/3) Ans: The narrator expects that by giving students first-hand experience of environmental issues, they will gain a deeper understanding of Earth’s challenges. This experience will shape them into future policymakers who are better equipped to frame effective policies for preserving nature and protecting the planet for generations to come. The Enemy Q1. What impressions do you form of Dr. Sadao's father from the story 'the Enemy'? Ans: Dr. Sadao’s father is depicted as a stern, disciplined, and traditional man with a strong sense of national pride and ambition for his son. His primary focus is Sadao's education, as he believes that knowledge and skill will lead Japan toward a prosperous future. He takes pride in Japan’s progress and believes in its potential for greatness, a belief he instills in Sadao by frequently saying that the islands are "stepping stones" for Japan’s future. Although he doesn’t display affection openly, his dedication to Sadao’s growth is evident. Sadao’s father is selective, even in personal matters, and would only accept a Japanese wife for his son. This portrayal shows his deep-seated cultural values and his hopes for Sadao to serve the country. Q2. Why was Dr. Sadao not sent abroad with the troops? Dr. Sadao was not sent abroad with the Japanese troops because of his crucial contributions to medical science, particularly in surgery. He was working on a significant discovery to make wounds completely clean, which was essential for Japan during the wartime. His medical expertise and ongoing research made him invaluable at home, as his skills were needed for both soldiers and possible emergency cases within Japan. Additionally, the old General had a medical condition that might eventually require surgery, so Dr. Sadao’s presence was required for the General’s potential operation. His talents were too valuable to risk in combat, so he remained in Japan, where he could continue his research and be available for critical cases. Q3. Dr. Sadao emerges as a Saviour of humanity. Substantiate your answer with evidence from the text. Ans: Dr. Sadao demonstrates a commitment to humanity when he saves the life of an American prisoner of war despite his nationality and the risk of being labelled a traitor. Although the American is technically his enemy, Sadao’s medical ethics drive him to perform surgery to save his life, even under societal pressure to let him die. He operates skilfully, using his expertise and compassion, and later provides the prisoner with a means of escape to ensure his safety. Sadao’s decision not only saves the man’s life but also demonstrates his moral courage in choosing human compassion over prejudice and nationalism, reinforcing his role as a healer dedicated to saving lives, regardless of race or political affiliations. Q4. Dr. Sadao is torn between his duty as a doctor and his responsibility as a patriotic citizen. Elaborate. Dr. Sadao faces a profound inner conflict between his professional duty as a doctor and his loyalty to Japan. On one hand, his medical ethics compel him to save the injured American soldier, who is in dire need of care. As a doctor, Sadao believes in preserving life, regardless of nationality. However, as a Japanese citizen during wartime, he understands the risks of helping an enemy soldier, which could be viewed as treasonous. His struggle is further heightened by the pressure from his household staff and the potential threat to his family. Ultimately, Sadao chooses to heal the man, even risking his safety, and later helps him escape. This choice reflects his dedication to his ethical principles, demonstrating the difficult balance between personal integrity and national allegiance. All India 2024 | Set 1/1/1 Q5. Dr. Sadao is disturbed and in a dilemma since he has decided to help the enemy soldier. Describe his conflict and the challenges faced in the form of a diary entry. Ans: March 3, 1945 Tonight, I find myself in great turmoil. I made the decision to save the life of an American soldier—an enemy—despite knowing the risks. The sight of his wounds stirred something in me; as a doctor, I am bound to heal, regardless of who lies before me. But, as a Japanese citizen, my actions could be seen as betrayal. I know that my staff disapproves, and Hana, though loyal, fears for our safety and the children's. I cannot ignore the whispers of doubt around me, yet I cannot abandon my duty as a healer. The General’s condition also complicates matters; he depends on me, but would he protect me if he knew? I am haunted by uncertainty. My hope now rests in finding a solution that keeps my family safe while staying true to my profession. Q6. What was the servants' reactions to Sadao's decision of treating the American soldier? (All India 2024 | 1/4/1) Ans: The servants strongly disapproved of Dr. Sadao’s decision to treat the American soldier. They viewed the wounded soldier as an enemy who deserved to die, not to be saved. The old gardener believed it was against nature to heal what the “sea and rocks” had tried to destroy. Yumi, the children’s caretaker, outright refused to wash the soldier, feeling disgusted by the idea of aiding a foreign enemy. Their discontent grew over time, and they feared that Sadao’s actions would bring misfortune upon the household. Eventually, unable to accept his choice, the servants left the house altogether. Their reaction highlights the intense patriotism and prejudice against the enemy, contrasting sharply with Dr. Sadao’s compassionate commitment to his medical duty. Q7. “I must get rid of this man for your sake”. Said Dr. Sadao. How will you describe Dr. Sadao as a husband with reference to the above line ? (Word Limit 40-50) | All India 2024 | Set 1/5/1) Ans: Dr. Sadao’s words, “I must get rid of this man for your sake,” reveal his deep care and responsibility toward Hana. Although he is conflicted as a doctor, he prioritizes Hana’s safety and well-being, understanding the fear and burden his decision places on her. This shows his sensitivity and protective nature as a husband. Q8. After having escaped from Japan with the help of Dr. Sadao, Tom (the prisoner of war) writes an article highlighting how Sadao’s actions demonstrated the importance of humanity and living in harmony. (150 Words).  ( All India 2024 | Set 1/5/1) You may begin like this : Humanity is a value that binds us together …… Ans: Humanity is a value that binds us together, beyond borders, conflicts, or nationalities. I realized this profoundly when I was saved by a man who should have considered me his enemy—Dr. Sadao Hoki, a Japanese surgeon, who risked everything to save my life. When I washed ashore, gravely wounded and helpless, he could have handed me over to authorities or left me to die, as I was a foreign soldier and Japan’s enemy. Yet, he didn’t. Dr. Sadao’s actions went beyond mere medical duty; he exemplified compassion and bravery, driven by a belief in the sanctity of human life. Dr. Sadao’s choice reminded me that, at our core, we are all human, bound by shared empathy. His willingness to risk his reputation and family’s safety for a stranger is a lesson in living with kindness and harmony. His example inspires a vision of a world where humanity prevails over hostility. Q9. “I will have nothing to do with it,” Yumi said, “I am a poor person and it is not my business.” What inference can be drawn about the character of the speaker from the above expression ? ( 40-50 Words) ( All India 2024 | Set 1/5/1) Yumi’s response, “I will have nothing to do with it,” reveals her strong adherence to social hierarchy and traditional beliefs. As a domestic servant, she feels her role is limited to caring for the family, not aiding an enemy. Her reluctance shows her loyalty to Japan and her discomfort in opposing social norms, even for humanitarian reasons. Q10. ‘Don’t thank me too early.’ Sadao said coldly. What inference is drawn about Sadao’s state of mind from the above line? (All India 2024 | Set 1/4/3) Ans : The line reflects Sadao’s inner conflict and uncertainty about his actions. He is still in a dilemma regarding the fate of the American soldier he has helped. Although he has provided medical treatment, Sadao is unsure whether he should protect the soldier further or hand him over to the police once he recovers. This statement indicates that Sadao is torn between his sense of duty as a doctor and the potential consequences of sheltering an enemy soldier during a time of war. On The Face of It Q1. Mr . Lamb stands as a symbol of optimism and hope. Support your answer with examples from the text . Ans: Mr. Lamb exemplifies optimism and hope through his acceptance of life’s imperfections. Despite losing a leg in the war, he dismisses it, saying, "Tin doesn’t hurt." He finds beauty in all life, even calling weeds “alive, growing,” challenging conventional judgments about appearance. His open garden symbolizes his open heart, welcoming everyone regardless of their flaws. Mr. Lamb encourages Derry, a boy with a scarred face, to embrace life, stating that he has “two arms, two legs, eyes, ears, a tongue, and a brain.” Through his words and actions, Mr. Lamb teaches Derry to look beyond physical appearances, inspiring him to live with a positive outlook on life. Q2. What gave Derry the courage to go back to Mr. Lamb’s house despite his mother’s refusal? Derry returns to Mr. Lamb's house, defying his mother, because Mr. Lamb's words deeply resonate with him. For the first time, he encounters someone who doesn’t judge him by his appearance but sees him as an individual with potential. Mr. Lamb’s encouragement to “look, listen, and think” opens Derry’s mind to new perspectives, and he finds a sense of belonging and understanding that he doesn’t experience elsewhere. This motivates Derry to confront his fears and insecurities, as he realizes he wants to explore life fully. Mr. Lamb’s influence instills in Derry the courage to break free from his isolation. Q3. Derek wants to go back to Mr. Lamb's House against his mother's will. What does this tell you about Mr. Lamb? Ans: Derry’s determination to return to Mr. Lamb’s house shows Mr. Lamb’s deep impact on him. Mr. Lamb is not merely a stranger but a mentor who encourages Derry’s growth. His genuine kindness, resilience, and nonjudgmental outlook make him a powerful influence, instilling confidence in Derry that he never received from others. Derry's willingness to defy his mother’s instructions reveals the trust and respect he has for Mr. Lamb, who offers him acceptance and a positive view on life. This demonstrates Mr. Lamb’s remarkable ability to uplift others, even those burdened by hardship, making him a transformative figure in Derry’s life. 2022 Q4. Who is Mr. Lamb? How does Derry get into his garden? Ans: Mr. Lamb is an elderly man with a physical disability—he has a tin leg, which he lost in the war. He lives alone in a large house with an open garden, filled with plants, trees, and a beehive. Known for his kindness and wisdom, Mr. Lamb keeps the garden gate open, inviting anyone who wishes to enter. His outlook on life is optimistic; he finds beauty in everything, including weeds, and encourages others to look beyond appearances. Derry, a young boy with a scarred face, enters Mr. Lamb’s garden by climbing over the wall, assuming the place is deserted. Drawn by the peaceful environment, Derry explores the garden, unaware that Mr. Lamb is watching him. Q5. How did Mr. Lamb's conversation and company change Derry's desire to isolate himself from the society? Mr. Lamb’s acceptance and philosophy challenge Derry’s desire for isolation. Unlike others who pity him, Mr. Lamb treats Derry as an equal, reminding him that “it’s what’s inside that matters.” His stories of children calling him “Lamey-Lamb” demonstrate how he accepts his own imperfections without resentment. Mr. Lamb’s outlook encourages Derry to reject self-pity and to see the world as a place of potential beauty, even if flawed. Through Mr. Lamb’s openness and understanding, Derry’s perception shifts, and he begins to realize that he, too, can connect with others without being defined solely by his appearance. Q6. Imagine you are Derry speaking at the funeral of Mr. Lamb highlighting Mr. Lamb’s optimism and the change he brought about in your attitude towards life. You may begin like this. Dear friends, I will be eternally grateful to Mr. Lamb …… (All India 2024 | set 1/5/1) Ans: Dear friends, I will be eternally grateful to Mr. Lamb, who transformed my life in ways I never thought possible. When I first met him, I was bitter, isolated, and full of self-pity because of my scarred face. I believed everyone saw me as nothing but ugly. But Mr. Lamb saw beyond my scars; he taught me to look past what’s on the outside and see the beauty within myself and others. He often said, “It’s all life, growing, just like the weeds in the garden.” He taught me that everything, even what seems unwanted, has worth. Mr. Lamb’s optimism showed me that life is meant to be embraced, not feared. He encouraged me to face the world with courage and live fully, regardless of what others think. Today, I am stronger, braver, and no longer afraid to be myself—all because of Mr. Lamb’s friendship and wisdom. His spirit of kindness and resilience will live on in me forever. Q7. Derry : It’s got nothing to do with my face and what I look like. You do agree with Derry that appearance doesn’t define a person. Only one’s potential and innate qualities gain one respect and dignity in society. As Derry, write a diary entry regretting how you wasted your time indulging in self-pity and frustration and how your encounter with Mr. Lamb transformed your personality. You may begin like this. I do really thank my stars for bringing Mr. Lamb into my life …… Ans: Time: 21:00 hrs Dear Diary, I do really thank my stars for bringing Mr. Lamb into my life. Before meeting him, I spent so much time drowning in self-pity, believing that my scar defined me. I was certain that people saw nothing beyond my disfigured face, and I let that belief limit my life. Looking back, I realize how much time I wasted in bitterness and isolation. But Mr. Lamb changed everything. He showed me that appearance is only a small part of who we are. He made me understand that self-worth comes from within, from our potential, our dreams, and how we choose to see the world. He saw value in everything, even the weeds, and he helped me see that I, too, have worth beyond my appearance. Now, I feel stronger, and I’m ready to face the world without fear. I owe this newfound courage to Mr. Lamb and his unshakable optimism. Q8. Physically impaired people have to suffer pain and a sense of alienation due to the behaviour of the people around them. It’s ironical that people who should be treated with empathy are either avoided or pitied. Discuss. (All india 2024 | Set 1/3/1) Ans: Physically impaired people often suffer emotional pain and a sense of alienation due to the insensitive behavior of others. Ironically, those deserving empathy are often either avoided or pitied, exacerbating their isolation. In On The Face Of It , this harsh reality is depicted through Derry and Mr. Lamb. Derry, with a burnt face, faces constant rejection and taunting, which fosters his bitterness and mistrust of the world. Mr. Lamb, referred to as "Lamey Lamb" because of his disability, lives a solitary life and battles loneliness. Despite his positive outlook, he too experiences alienation. Both characters highlight that the disabled seek dignity, respect, and genuine acceptance, not sympathy. Society’s behavior can either uplift or deepen their sense of inferiority. True empathy requires understanding and supporting their humanity, not just acknowledging their disabilities. Q9. Why does Derry not like being with people ? ( All Iindia 2024 | Set 1/3/1) Ans: Derry dislikes being with people because he feels they find his acid-burned face repulsive. He perceives rejection and lack of love from others, which fuels his sense of isolation. His oversensitivity about his appearance leads him to avoid social interactions, fearing judgment and pity . Q10. Mr. Lamb: Lord, boy, you’ve got two arms, two legs and eyes and ears……. You could get on better than all the rest. Optimism is the best tool to face challenges in life. Imagine you are Mr. Lamb. You want to give a motivational speech to a group of differently abled students urging them to be positive in their approach to life. Write the speech on behalf of Mr. Lamb. You may begin like this. Hello ! Dear Students ! Believe in yourself. Nothing is impossible. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/4/1) Ans Hello! Dear Students! Believe in yourself. Nothing is impossible if you approach life with courage and optimism. Remember, no disability is a handicap unless you make it one. Count your blessings, not your negatives. I lost a leg, but I never grieve over it. I don’t take offence when people call me ‘Lamey Lamb’ because I know who I am and what I can achieve. Your belief in yourself is the key to success. Be a support to yourself first; don’t wait for others to lift you up. Embrace life with an open heart and be willing to learn and adapt. Challenges will come, but your strength lies in your positive approach. Like me, look at what you have—two arms, two legs, eyes, ears—and know that you can get on better than the rest. Be fearless and embrace life with hope and joy. Q11. Mr. Lamb: Oh, there’s lot of things I’ve learned to do, and plenty of time for it. Years. I take it steady.” Mr. Lamb, despite his handicap learnt to be independent and has proved where there is a will, there is a way. As a motivational speaker, write a speech to be delivered to school students, highlighting how one should develop resilience and determination to achieve one’s goal citing references from this story. You may begin like this. To remain resilient during difficult times, will help one move forward in life. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/4/2 ) Ans: Speech on Resilience and Determination To remain resilient during difficult times will help one move forward in life. No disability or challenge should ever be seen as an insurmountable barrier. Problems and adversities are temporary, and facing them with a positive mindset builds true resilience. Determination is the cornerstone of success. Mr. Lamb from On the Face of It  exemplifies this perfectly. Despite his handicap and being called ‘Lamey Lamb,’ he never takes offence or lets negativity dictate his life. Living alone, he creates a fulfilling life by making toffees, leaving his gate open to welcome visitors, and ensuring there are no curtains to shut out the world. He keeps himself busy and learns to climb a ladder to pluck crab apples, showing that independence is achievable with willpower. Let Mr. Lamb’s story inspire you to face challenges head-on, stay positive, and be determined to achieve your goals. Resilience is your path to succ ess. MEMORIES OF CHILDHOOD We Too Are Humans What does Zitkala-Sa mean by eating by formula? Ans: By "eating by formula," Zitkala-Sa refers to the regimented, mechanical dining process imposed on the Native American children at the boarding school. Each movement, from drawing a chair to picking up cutlery, is dictated by bells and overseen by authority figures. This “formulaic” approach robs the act of eating of any comfort or personal freedom, symbolizing the school's rigid control over the children's lives. However, Zitkala-Sa suggests that even this lack of autonomy pales in comparison to the emotional anguish she feels from deeper cultural violations, such as the cutting of her hair. Bama and Zitkala-Sa, though victims of a system that crushes their aspirations, are determined to break out. Comment. (120 150 words/ 5 Marks) Ans: Both Bama and Zitkala-Sa face oppressive systems that seek to confine them to a predetermined social position, yet both display strong determination to resist. Zitkala-Sa, a Native American girl forced to cut her long hair—a sign of courage and tradition—defiantly hides under a bed to avoid the scissors, fighting even as she is eventually caught and shorn. Her hair, which symbolizes her cultural identity, becomes a powerful marker of resistance as she experiences the pain of forced conformity. Similarly, Bama, a Dalit girl, encounters the sting of caste discrimination when witnessing an elder in her community humbly delivering food to an upper-caste man. Although she initially finds the scene amusing, her brother's explanation of the discriminatory practices fills her with anger, leading her to a resolve: she will excel academically to rise above such social constraints. These experiences reveal how both women, despite early encounters with injustice, channel their indignation into resistance, marking the beginning of their journeys toward autonomy and dignity. I n the two stories of Bama and Zitkala-Sa in the lesson of 'Memories of Childhood,' there are certain similarities of strength in the face of social challenges. Write a diary entry sharing your observations. (All India 2024 | Set 1/3/1) Ans: Time: 20:00 Hrs Dear Diary, Today, I read about two women, Bama and Zitkala-Sa, whose stories deeply moved me. Though from different backgrounds—Bama, a Tamil Dalit, and Zitkala-Sa, a Native American—both experienced harsh discrimination in their early years. Bama, through a seemingly simple act of an elder carrying food for an upper-caste man, understood the weight of caste oppression. Her reaction was powerful; rather than feel helpless, she resolved to succeed through education. Zitkala-Sa, on the other hand, fought to retain her cultural identity when her long hair, a symbol of pride and heritage, was forcibly cut by authorities. Each woman, in her own way, confronted societal norms, refusing to accept the subjugation imposed on them. Their resilience is inspiring—a reminder that even in the face of systemic injustice, courage and determination can become powerful tools for change. Q4. ‘The words that Annan spoke to me that day made a deep impression on me’. What inference do you draw about the bond between Annan and Bama ? (Word Limit 40-50) | (All India 2024 | set 1/5/1) The bond between Annan and Bama in Memories of Childhood  is one of deep respect and guidance. Annan’s words make a lasting impact on Bama, particularly when he explains that education can help them overcome caste discrimination. When he says, “If you are always ahead in your lessons, people will come to you of their own accord,” he inspires her to strive for excellence. This advice strengthens Bama’s resolve to work hard and succeed, showing how Annan’s wisdom and encouragement empower her to face social injustice with determination. Q5. Zitkala-Sa says, “Eating by formula wasn’t the hardest trial in that first day.” What does she mean by “Eating by formula” ? ( All India 2024 | Set 1/1/1 ) By "eating by formula," Zitkala-Sa refers to the strict and regimented pattern of eating imposed on the Native American children in the boarding school. The bells dictated every action: the first bell signaled moving into the dining room, the second bell indicated when to start praying, and the third bell told them when to sit and use utensils like forks and knives to eat, all of which were unfamiliar and mechanical to her. Q6. Justify the statement, ‘It may take a long time for oppression to be resisted but the seeds of rebellion are sowed early in life.’ ( All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1) Ans: Zitkala-Sa faced deep humiliation at the Carlisle Indian School, where her self-respect was continually challenged by forced assimilation practices: wearing tight-fitting clothes, eating by formula, and the shingling of her hair. These experiences made her feel like a powerless animal, yet they sowed seeds of rebellion as she put up a fight against these injustices, signaling that the spirit to resist had taken root early in her life. Similarly, Bama's anger was ignited when she understood the discriminatory practices against her community, symbolized by a man carrying a packet in a demeaning manner. This realization provoked her and fueled her belief that her people should no longer perform menial tasks for the oppressors. Education became her tool to resist, empowering her to rise above and challenge the unfair treatment. These stories show that while resistance might take time to manifest fully, the seeds of defiance are planted in childhood, spurred by early experiences of injustice. Q7. “Then I lost my spirit.” What are the incidents that led Zitkala-Sa to feel this way? ( All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1) Ans: Zitkala-Sa felt, “Then I lost my spirit,”  after a series of dehumanizing incidents. She was dragged from under the bed, forcibly tied to a chair, and had her hair shingled against her will. For her, cutting hair symbolized mourning and cowardice, stripping away her cultural identity and pride. This forced submission made her feel defeated, causing her to lose the spirit to fight against the oppressive system.

"Unleashing Success: Mastering Board Exams with Insights from 2019 to 2024 '' 2024-2019 (Board-PYQs-English) 👇Lessons Hyperlinks for Quick Access👇 The Last Lesson Lost spring Deep Water Rattrap Indigo Poets & Pancakes The Interview Going Places The Last Lesson Q1. When do the residents of Alsace realize how precious their language is to them? The residents of Alsace realize how precious their language is to them when M. Hamel announces that the order has come from Berlin to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. This revelation occurs during M. Hamel's last French lesson, marking the end of French language instruction. The news shocks the students and the villagers present in the school, making them aware of the imminent loss of their language. The realization dawns upon them that holding onto their language is crucial, as it is a key to preserving their identity and resisting the cultural assimilation imposed by the occupying Prussians. Q2. What was Franz's feeling as he set out for school and why? Franz's feeling as he set out for school was a mixture of dread and fear. He was particularly anxious about M. Hamel's announcement that there would be a question on participles, a topic he knew nothing about. The fear of a scolding and the pressure of the upcoming examination made Franz briefly consider skipping school and enjoying the beautiful day outdoors. However, Franz ultimately resists the temptation and decides to go to school despite his apprehensions. Q3. Why was M. Hamel dressed in formal clothes in school? M. Hamel was dressed in formal clothes in school because it was his last lesson before leaving Alsace. He wore his beautiful green coat, frilled shirt, and a little black silk cap, all embroidered. This attire was reserved for special occasions like inspections and prize days. M. Hamel's formal dressing on this particular day symbolized the significance and solemnity of the occasion, marking the end of his forty years of faithful service as a teacher in Alsace. Q4. The last lesson reflects the flaws in human character that led to the sad plight of people in Alsace. Substantiate your answer with evidence from the text. The text suggests the flaws in human character that contributed to the sad plight of the people in Alsace. M. Hamel, in his final lesson, points out the procrastination and neglect of learning among both the students and their parents. He mentions how everyone, including himself, had put off learning, thinking they had plenty of time. The teacher acknowledges his own role in diverting students from studies, such as sending them to water flowers or giving holidays for fishing. Moreover, the mention of the old men of the village sitting in the back of the room with regretful expressions indicates a collective sense of remorse. Their failure to prioritize education and language learning contributed to the vulnerability of the community when faced with the imposition of German as the sole language of instruction. Overall, the text suggests that personal shortcomings, including procrastination and a lack of commitment to education, played a part in the cultural and linguistic crisis faced by the people of Alsace. Q5. Explain the inference that can be drawn from the line : “Will they make them sing in German, even the pigeons ?” ( All India 2024/ Set 1/5/1) Ans: The line “Will they make them sing in German, even the pigeons?”  reflects the speaker’s frustration with the forced imposition of German on French villagers. It suggests the absurdity of the situation, as if the Prussians aim to control everything, even nature, symbolizing the villagers' helplessness at losing their language and identity. Q6. We miss a thing when we are in fear of losing it. Substantiate this statement with two examples from ‘The Last Lesson’, how the people in the story suddenly realised how precious their language was to them. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/1/1) Ans: The villagers realized the true value of their language when they were faced with losing it. Firstly, everyone, including Franz, regretted neglecting their French lessons. Franz felt a deep remorse for not paying attention earlier and suddenly saw his books as old friends. Secondly, the presence of village elders, like old Hauser, the former mayor, and postmaster, sitting in the back benches with tears and trembling voices highlighted their collective regret. This moment revealed their deep, belated appreciation for their language, which they feared losing forever. Q7. M. Hamel in “The Last Lesson” and Gandhiji in “ Indigo ” were both concerned about the state of education in the face of oppression. Write a speech to be shared with your peers on the importance of education. You may use cues from the two texts. ( All India | Set 1/1/3) Ans: Dear friends, Education is not just about acquiring knowledge; it is a powerful tool for freedom, resilience, and empowerment. We can see this through the stories of M. Hamel in The Last Lesson and Mahatma Gandhi in Indigo, both of whom understood the profound impact education has on individuals and communities. M. Hamel, a dedicated teacher, taught us that language is the key to freedom. When the Alsatians were forbidden to speak their language, M. Hamel highlighted how precious their own language was to them. He showed that education instills resilience, helping people fight oppression and value their identity. Similarly, Gandhiji recognized that illiteracy allowed exploitation to thrive. He opened primary schools in six villages and appealed for teachers, emphasizing that education is essential to break free from fear and oppression. Gandhi believed that education provides the capability to stand up against injustice and empower communities to shape their own futures. In today’s world, let us not take education for granted. It is the gateway to freedom, equality, and a brighter future. Let’s ensure that we not only learn but also share the power of education with those around us. Thank you. Q8. Franz in “The Last Lesson” realizes the importance of going to school while Saheb in Lost Spring yearns to go to school. Write a paragraph exploring the different perspectives of these two young boys on learning and education. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1) Ans: Franz in The Last Lesson  and Saheb in Lost Spring  offer contrasting perspectives on education shaped by their circumstances. Franz, who has the privilege of attending school, takes it for granted. He is often distracted and uninterested, preferring the allure of activities outside the classroom. His casual approach changes when he learns that this will be his last lesson in French due to the imposition of German rule. It is only then, faced with the loss of his education, that he realizes its true value and regrets not appreciating it earlier. In contrast, Saheb yearns for the opportunity Franz had but never received. Growing up in poverty, he dreams of going to school and is filled with hope when the author mentions setting one up. However, these promises prove empty, and Saheb remains deprived of education. While Franz’s realization comes from loss, Saheb’s perspective is marked by a longing for an opportunity that is continually out of reach. Q9. What was the ‘thunderclap’ the narrator received as M. Hamel began the lesson? (All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1) Ans: The ‘thunderclap’ the narrator received as M. Hamel began the lesson was the sudden realization that it was the last French lesson . This shocking revelation came after an order from Berlin had been issued, mandating that German, not French, would be taught in schools in Alsace and Lorraine. For the narrator, this was a bolt from the blue, as he understood that he had taken his education, especially in his native language, for granted. This moment of realization struck him with the force of a thunderclap, symbolizing the loss of something deeply valued. Q10. What was more tempting for Franz than the rule for participles ? Did he get tempted ? (All India 2024 | Set 1/2/2) Ans: Franz found the warm and bright day more tempting than the rule for participles. The chirping of birds, the open fields, and the sight of Prussian soldiers drilling outside the classroom distracted him. Despite his temptation, he did not act on it, as he had to attend the last lesson. Q11. Imagine you are Mukund Padmanabhan from the Indian (The Interview) and you interview M. Hamel, after he finished delivering the last lesson. (The Last Lesson) Write a paragraph on Hamel’s views on individual responsibility and nationalism. ( All india 2024 | Set 1/4/2) Ans: In the interview, M. Hamel expresses a deep sense of responsibility towards education, emphasizing its importance for both individuals and the nation. He reflects on the role of parents, urging them to prioritize education over sending children to work in the mills or fields. As a teacher, Hamel stresses the need to engage students in meaningful academic pursuits, rather than allowing them to take their education lightly or procrastinate. He highlights the collective responsibility of the villagers to value their mother tongue, as it is essential for preserving cultural identity and fostering nationalism. Hamel believes that language is the key to freedom and self-expression, and by holding on to their mother tongue, individuals can safeguard their heritage and contribute to the strength of their nation. Q12. Franz from ‘The Last Lesson’ and the peddler from ‘The Rattrap’ demonstrate the importance of learning from one’s mistakes and rising up to evolve as a better person. Write an article based on the two texts on how a man evolves after learning from his mistakes. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/4/3) Ans: In The Last Lesson , Franz, a young schoolboy, begins by seeing his school lessons as a nuisance, particularly his grammar lessons. However, when he attends his final French lesson, he is struck by the gravity of the situation. The realization that he has taken his education and mother tongue for granted comes too late, as the district has been annexed and French is no longer taught. His regret is palpable, as he now comprehends his grammar lessons with ease, understanding them in a way he never did before. Franz begins to appreciate the value of learning and the importance of his language, now realizing that these were "old friends" he had neglected. His respect for his teacher, M. Hamel, grows, as he recognizes the teacher's commitment to his students despite the end of an era. The elderly villagers' presence in the class shows that everyone, irrespective of age, values the power of education and language. Through this painful experience, Franz learns that procrastination and neglecting one’s responsibilities lead to irreversible loss, teaching him the importance of cherishing one’s opportunities to learn. Similarly, in The Rattrap , the peddler starts as a cynical, self-centered man who sees life only as a series of traps, offering no hope for change. He steals thirty kronor from Edla, yet her kindness and compassion cause him to reflect on his actions. In contrast to his previous behavior, where he justified his theft, the peddler feels remorse. He returns the stolen money and confesses his wrongdoing to Edla, marking a crucial turning point in his life. The peddler, once a petty thief, is now a reformed individual who has learned from his mistake. His redemption is further symbolized when he signs a letter as a dignified Captain, representing the change in his character from a man driven by greed to one who values integrity. Both Franz and the peddler demonstrate that learning from one's mistakes is essential for personal growth. Franz evolves from a careless student into one who values education, while the peddler transforms from a thief into a man of honor. These characters remind us that mistakes are inevitable, but it is how we learn from them that defines our journey towards becoming better individuals. Lost Spring 2023 Q1. What vicious circle are the bangle-makers trapped in? The bangle-makers in Firozabad are trapped in a vicious circle involving middlemen, police, bureaucrats, and politicians. These middlemen exploit the poverty and helplessness of the bangle-making families, keeping them in a perpetual state of poverty. The lack of organization and leadership among the bangle-makers prevents them from breaking free from this cycle. The middlemen, along with other authorities, create a system that perpetuates their exploitation, making it difficult for the bangle-makers to improve their lives or escape from the clutches of poverty. Q2. The description of Seemapuri creates a very dismal picture. Explain   Ans: Seemapuri is described as a place on the periphery of Delhi, inhabited by squatters who came from Bangladesh in 1971. The living conditions in Seemapuri are dismal, with structures made of mud, roofs of tin and tarpaulin, and a lack of basic amenities such as sewage, drainage, or running water. The 10,000 ragpickers who live in Seemapuri have no official identity or permits, but they manage to survive through ration cards that allow them to buy grain. The place is characterized by poverty, lack of infrastructure, and a struggle for survival, highlighting the harsh realities faced by those who have migrated and settled in such areas. Q3. Firozabad presents a strange paradox the beauty of the glass bangles and the misery of the people who make bangles. Discuss. (120-150 words/ 5 Marks) Firozabad encapsulates a poignant paradox where the aesthetic allure of glass bangles sharply contrasts with the pervasive misery of the individuals responsible for crafting these intricate ornaments. The town, renowned for its glass-blowing industry, produces bangles that epitomize vibrant hues and cultural significance, symbolizing auspiciousness in marriages. The craftsmanship involved in creating these adornments adds to their beauty, making them sought after across the country. However, this picturesque image unravels when one delves into the lives of the bangle-makers. These artisans, toiling in dingy cells without adequate light or ventilation, endure harsh conditions while creating these symbols of beauty. The narrative unveils the grim reality of child labor, where approximately 20,000 children work in the glass furnaces, exposed to high temperatures and risking the brightness of their eyes. The families involved in bangle-making, despite being an integral part of a renowned industry, live in squalor. Poverty, lack of education, and absence of basic amenities define their daily existence. The paradox lies in the stark dichotomy between the allure of the final product and the grim circumstances of those crafting it. Firozabad becomes a microcosm of the societal disparities, where the beauty of tradition is overshadowed by the exploitation and destitution of the very artisans preserving it. Q4. Why can the bangle-makers not organize themselves into a cooperative ? The bangle-makers cannot organize themselves into a cooperative due to the fear of legal repercussions. The young men in Firozabad express concern that even if they were to organize, they would be targeted by the police, beaten, and possibly sent to jail for engaging in what is considered illegal activities. This fear reflects the power dynamics and exploitation present in their working environment. The absence of a leader among them and the belief that even organized efforts would be met with legal consequences contribute to their reluctance to form a cooperative and break free from the exploitative system imposed by middlemen and authorities. Q5. ‘Lost Spring’ and ‘Indigo’ bring out how the common man is a victim of exploitation. Explain. Ans: Both "Lost Spring" and "Indigo" highlight the exploitation and victimization of the common man, especially in the context of socio-economic and cultural issues. 1. Economic Exploitation in 'Indigo' In "Indigo," the exploitation is evident in the relationship between the English landlords and Indian sharecroppers in Champaran. The landlords, owning large estates, forced the peasants to plant a significant portion of their land with indigo and surrender the entire harvest as rent. The landlords took advantage of the peasants' lack of awareness and literacy to secure agreements, later compensating them for the release of the indigo arrangement when synthetic indigo was introduced.  The peasants were coerced and oppressed, facing the dilemma of signing agreements that they didn't fully understand. The landlords, backed by legal and physical force, perpetuated the economic exploitation. 2. Social and Cultural Exploitation in 'Lost Spring': In "Lost Spring," the focus is on the socio-economic conditions of ragpickers living in Seemapuri, a settlement of squatters on the outskirts of Delhi. The residents, originally from Bangladesh, lack official identities and live in abject poverty. They scavenge through garbage dumps for a living, highlighting their economic exploitation and marginalization.  The story also touches upon the cultural exploitation as the ragpickers, despite living in the same city, remain invisible and excluded. They lack access to basic amenities like education, perpetuating a cycle of poverty. 3. Child Labor and Lack of Opportunities in 'Lost Spring':     "Lost Spring" introduces characters like Saheb and Mukesh, who symbolize the exploitation of child labor. Saheb scrounges for gold in garbage dumps, and Mukesh works in a glass-blowing industry in Firozabad. Mukesh's dream of becoming a motor mechanic is overshadowed by the harsh reality of poverty, lack of education, and limited opportunities. The children are forced into labor due to economic conditions and social structures that deny them a chance for personal development. 4. Resistance and Change in 'Indigo':  In "Indigo," resistance comes in the form of Mahatma Gandhi, who challenges the unjust system. His involvement in the Champaran episode illustrates how civil disobedience can be a powerful tool against economic exploitation.  Gandhi's efforts lead to an official inquiry, exposing the exploitation by landlords, and ultimately a settlement that brings relief to the sharecroppers. This marks a significant shift in power dynamics and the beginning of liberation for the peasants. In summary, both stories shed light on the multifaceted exploitation faced by the common man, encompassing economic, social, and cultural dimensions. They emphasize the need for resistance, awareness, and collective efforts to bring about positive change and alleviate the plight of the marginalized. 2020 Q6.  Life  of the bangle makers of Firozabad shows the grinding state of poverty and traditions that condemn thousands of people to live a life of misery. Elaborate Introduction: The depiction of life in Firozabad in "Lost Spring" unveils a stark reality – the relentless grip of grinding poverty on families engaged in the traditional occupation of bangle-making. This narrative sheds light on the hazardous working conditions, lack of education, and limited opportunities that generations of bangle makers face. Cycle of Poverty: The families, deeply entrenched in glass-blowing and bangle-making, find themselves trapped in a perpetual cycle of poverty. Despite their artistic contributions to culturally significant items, such as bangles, economic exploitation and societal norms prevent them from breaking free. Hazardous Working Conditions: The story highlights the dismal working conditions in which children, often losing their eyesight before adulthood, are forced to contribute to the family's meager income. The lack of awareness about legal protections perpetuates their exploitation. Societal Norms and Economic Exploitation: The tradition of making bangles, passed down through generations, becomes both a source of identity and a shackle. The families remain ensnared in poverty, unable to break free due to societal norms and economic exploitation by middlemen and sahukars. Call for Reforms: The narrative highlights the urgent need for social reforms, education, and economic empowerment to break the cycle of poverty that persists in traditional occupations like bangle-making. The lives of these bangle makers illuminate the broader issues of poverty and exploitation plaguing the common man. Q7. Rajkumar Shukla in ‘Indigo ’ decided to take up the cause of the peasants and raise his voice against injustice. The bangle makers were a stark contrast and accepted their plight of oppression because of tradition and caste. Write a comparative analysis of the two different attitudes towards unjust domination. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/1/2) Ans: Rajkumar Shukla and the bangle makers of Firozabad represent two contrasting responses to unjust domination. Rajkumar Shukla , though illiterate, was resolute and fearless in challenging oppression. He fought against the exploitation of the peasants in Champaran, despite their crushed spirits and fear. Shukla sought help from Mahatma Gandhi, eventually spearheading the Champaran movement to address the injustices of British landlords. His determination to seek justice sparked a larger resistance against oppressive authority. In contrast, the bangle makers of Firozabad  accepted their plight as a consequence of tradition and caste. Trapped in poverty and bound by societal stigma, they saw bangle making as their inevitable destiny. The younger generation mirrored the despair of the older generation, and their efforts to organize against the exploitation of middlemen, sahukars, policemen, and politicians were stifled by the harsh realities of mind-numbing toil. The stark difference lies in Rajkumar Shukla’s defiance and the bangle makers' resigned acceptance of their oppression. their vulnerability and the transient, fleeting nature of their childhood. ecting change. Q9. Explain the sentence “an army of barefoot boys who appear like the morning birds and disappear at noon.” ( All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1) Ans: The sentence refers to a group of young ragpickers in Lost Spring . These boys begin their day early in the morning, collecting scraps and working in harsh conditions, much like the early birds that appear at dawn. By noon, they disappear, likely due to the heat or exhaustion, symbolizing their brief, difficult existence in a harsh world where they are forced to work instead of attending school. The comparison to birds also emphasizes Q10. Why is Mukesh’s dream compared to a mirage? (All India | set 1/3/1) Ans: Mukesh’s dream of becoming a car mechanic is compared to a mirage because it seems like an unattainable illusion amidst his harsh reality. Living in poverty and trapped in an endless cycle of exploitation by middlemen, his dream appears distant and nearly impossible given his current circumstances. Q11. Compose an oral presentation to be shared with your peers on what Gandhi’s advice (Indigo) would be the bangle makers of Firozabad. (All India 2024 | Set 1/3/2) Ans: Good morning, everyone. If Gandhi’s advice from Indigo were shared with the bangle makers of Firozabad, it would focus on conquering fear and fostering empowerment. Gandhi believed in self-reliance and urged individuals to stand up against oppression. He would advise the bangle makers to gain knowledge about their rights and not yield to the unjust control of middlemen. Awareness and unity among them could break the cycle of exploitation. Education and collective action would be key to transforming their circumstances. Lastly, Gandhi would emphasize that those in power must be held accountable to support the community’s growth and end the social discrimination that traps them in poverty. Thank you. Q12. How is Mukesh different from other boys of his age ? (All India 2024 | Set 1/3/2) Ans: Mukesh is different from other boys of his age because he dares to dream of a better future beyond the generational bangle-making trade. Unlike others who accept their fate, he aspires to break free from the cycle of poverty. With conviction and determination, he plans to become a mechanic, showing a realistic approach and courage to pursue his goal. Q13. In spite of the conditions prevailing in Seemapuri, children like Saheb and Mukesh are not devoid of hope. How far do you agree ? (All India 2024 | Set 1/3/2) Ans I agree that, despite the harsh conditions in Seemapuri, children like Saheb and Mukesh are not devoid of hope. Saheb views garbage as a source of wonder and excitement, symbolizing his hope and curiosity about life. He even expresses a willingness to attend school, showing his aspiration for a better future. Similarly, Mukesh dares to dream beyond the cycle of poverty and bangle-making, with the ambition of becoming a mechanic. His willingness to walk to the garage for training reflects his determination to pursue his goal and break free from the constraints of his environment. Q14. ‘A Roadside Stand’ and ‘Lost Spring’ depict two contrasting worlds existing in the society. Justify this statement with reference to the poem ‘ A Roadside Stand’ and the text ‘ The Lost Spring’. You may begin. Social satire in the two texts portrays two contrasting worlds that exist in society. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/4/1) Ans: Social satire in A Roadside Stand  and Lost Spring  portrays two contrasting worlds that exist in society, highlighting social and economic inequalities. In A Roadside Stand , the poem depicts the stark divide between the prosperous city dwellers and the impoverished countryside people. The city people, indifferent and self-serving, pass by without empathy, while the “greedy good-doers” exploit the simple, trusting villagers, worsening their hardships. Lost Spring  similarly contrasts the world of the rag pickers and bangle makers with that of the affluent. The poor are trapped in a vicious cycle controlled by sahukars, middlemen, and the police, unable to break free from poverty. The narrative exposes how the marginalized struggle for survival while the privileged remain unaware of their plight. Both texts emphasize the need to address these disparities and create a more equitable society. Deep Water What were Douglas' initial thoughts when he was pushed into the pool? Ans: When pushed into the pool, Douglas initially felt frightened but retained enough composure to plan an escape. He intended to jump off the bottom to reach the surface but was quickly overtaken by panic as he felt suffocated, unable to scream, and paralyzed by fear​. Why did Douglas decide to go to the YMCA pool to learn swimming ? Ans: Douglas chose the YMCA pool for learning to swim because it was safer than the dangerous Yakima River, known for frequent drownings. His mother’s warnings reinforced his choice to opt for the more controlled and shallow environment of the pool for practising​. What handicap did Doughlas suffer from? How did he overcome that? Ans: Douglas suffered from an intense fear of water after nearly drowning experiences in childhood. This fear became a significant handicap, affecting activities like boating and fishing. He overcame it by working with an instructor who used structured practice. Step by step, Douglas learned swimming techniques, building confidence through repeated exposure and systematic training. Eventually, he tested himself by swimming in lakes & thus he overcame his fear of water. 2020 Q4. How did William Douglas’s fear of water start ? Douglas’s fear of water began when he was three or four years old at a beach in California. While standing in the surf with his father, a strong wave knocked him down and swept over him. He was buried under water, lost his breath, and felt immense terror. Though his father laughed, the incident left Douglas deeply frightened by the overpowering force of water​. Q5. The persistent determination of both Raj Kumar Shukla in “Indigo” and Douglas in “Deep Water” reflects a strong will to overcome challenges and achieve one’s goal. Elaborate with reference to the texts. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/2/3 )  Ans: Raj Kumar Shukla and William Douglas both demonstrate unwavering determination in overcoming challenges. Shukla’s persistence in Indigo  is evident as he follows Gandhi tirelessly, determined to secure a meeting with him to address the plight of peasants in Champaran. His tenacity played a key role in initiating the Champaran movement, ultimately leading to the abolition of sharecropping and empowering the oppressed farmers. Similarly, in Deep Water , Douglas exhibits remarkable determination to learn swimming despite a traumatic drowning experience. Undeterred by his fear, he hires an instructor and overcomes his anxieties. Through relentless practice, he conquers his fear of water, eventually becoming a proficient swimmer. Both individuals, through their resolute actions, achieve their goals, highlighting the power of perseverance in overcoming obstacles. Q6. “I was frightened, but not yet frightened out of my wits.” Says Douglas. Which qualities of the speaker are highlighted in the above statement? ( All India 2024 | Set 1/4/1) Ans: The statement highlights Douglas’s resilience and ability to remain calm and composed in the face of adversity. It shows that even when confronted with fear, he retained enough presence of mind to think clearly and act systematically. This determination and courage allowed him to plan and execute steps to overcome his fear of wate r. The Rattrap Q1. Why was the peddler hesitant to accompany the ironmaster to the manor house? The peddler was hesitant to accompany the ironmaster to the manor house because he had initially deceived the ironmaster by pretending to be an old acquaintance named Captain von Stahle. The ironmaster mistook him for someone else, and the peddler was afraid that his true identity as a poor trader would be revealed. Additionally, he had stolen money from the old man's leather pouch in the cottage, and he feared facing consequences if he went to the manor house with the ironmaster. Q2. Edla is a contrast to her father, the ironmaster. Explain. (120-150 words/ 5 Marks) Edla, the daughter of the ironmaster, serves as a stark contrast to her father in terms of compassion, empathy, and social outlook. The ironmaster, driven by societal norms and skepticism, initially views the peddler with suspicion, assuming he is an old acquaintance. In contrast, Edla approaches the situation with a more humane perspective, recognizing the peddler's need for shelter and warmth. While the ironmaster represents a more rigid and class-conscious attitude, Edla exhibits a kind and open-hearted nature. Her actions, such as interceding for the peddler and insisting on his stay for Christmas Eve, reveal a willingness to see beyond societal stereotypes and extend help to those in need. Edla's compassionate demeanor challenges her father's initial judgment, emphasizing a stark generational and ideological difference between them. This contrast highlights the theme of kindness and humanity prevailing over social status and skepticism in the narrative. Q3. What made the ironmaster invite the peddler to his house ? The ironmaster invited the peddler to his house initially because he mistook him for an old regimental comrade named Captain von Stahle. Believing the peddler to be an acquaintance, the ironmaster thought it was only right to offer him shelter and hospitality, especially on Christmas Eve. However, once the ironmaster discovered the deception and the peddler's true identity, he was less pleased and wanted him to leave. Q4. Who was Edla Williamson ? Why did she visit the forge at night ?   Edla Willmansson is the daughter of the ironmaster in the story. She represents a compassionate and empathetic character in contrast to her father's initial skepticism. Edla visited the forge at night to offer help and shelter to the peddler, a man she believed to be in need. This act of kindness stemmed from her understanding of the peddler's difficult life, as well as her desire to bring warmth and Christmas cheer to someone who seemed destitute. Q5. Why did the iron master compare Edla to a parson ? The ironmaster compared Edla to a parson because of her compassionate and charitable nature. He used the phrase when he said, "You do preach worse than a parson," in response to Edla's plea to let the peddler stay for Christmas Eve. The ironmaster acknowledged her inclination towards kindness and generosity, even though he may not have fully shared her sentiments initially. Q6. What made the peddler think that he had fallen into the trap? The peddler thought that he had fallen into the trap when he found himself lost in the confusing forest after stealing money from the old man's leather pouch. He had earlier compared the world to a rattrap, where people are enticed by baits, and once ensnared, everything comes to an end. Now, he realized that he had become a victim of his own analogy. The forest represented the trap closing in on him, and he felt trapped in an impenetrable prison from which he thought he could never escape. This situation made him reflect on his own thoughts about the world and its traps. Q7. The iron master accuses the peddler of not being quite honest. What does the peddler say to justify the situation? ( All India 2022 | Set 1/2/1) The peddler, in response to the ironmaster's accusation of dishonesty, emphasizes several points to justify his actions. Firstly, he asserts that he had not pretended to be anything other than a poor trader. Furthermore, the peddler emphasizes that he had pleaded and begged to be allowed to stay in the forge. The act of pleading and begging suggests a vulnerability and a sincere desire for temporary shelter rather than a malicious intent. Lastly, the peddler presents the option of putting on his rags again and leaving. Q8. What did the peddler say in his defence when it was clear that he was not the person the ironmaster thought him to be ? ( All India 2024 | Set 1/1/1 ) Ans: In The Rattrap , when exposed as an imposter, the peddler defended himself by asserting he never pretended to be anything other than a poor trader. He reminded the ironmaster that he had only pleaded for shelter at the forge and, when confronted, expressed readiness to don his rags and leave without causing any trouble. Indigo (2024-2022) Q1. Describe the role of Raj Kumar Shukla in Indigo. Ans: Raj Kumar Shukla played a crucial role in the Champaran episode related to the indigo cultivation issue. He was a sharecropper from Champaran who approached Gandhi during the 1916 Indian National Congress party convention. Shukla, representing the grievances of indigo sharecroppers, persistently requested Gandhi to visit Champaran and address the injustice of the landlord system. Shukla's determination and continuous presence alongside Gandhi influenced him to eventually agree to visit Champaran. Shukla served as a catalyst in drawing Gandhi's attention to the plight of the peasants, leading to Gandhi's involvement in the Champaran struggle against the oppressive indigo plantation system. Q2. Champaran Episode as the Beginning of Indian Struggle for Independence . The Champaran episode is considered the beginning of the Indian struggle for independence because it marked Mahatma Gandhi's first organized act of civil disobedience against British rule in India. In 1917, Gandhi, in response to the plight of indigo sharecroppers, led a nonviolent protest against oppressive British landlords in Champaran, Bihar. This was a pivotal moment as it demonstrated Gandhi's method of nonviolent resistance and mass mobilization against unjust colonial policies. The success of the Champaran movement showcased the power of nonviolent civil disobedience, inspiring subsequent movements against British rule. It laid the foundation for Gandhi's philosophy of Satyagraha and provided a template for the larger independence struggle, setting a precedent for peaceful resistance against colonial oppression. Q3. Why did Gandhi agree to a settlement of twenty-five percent refund to the peasants? Gandhi agreed to a settlement of twenty-five percent refund to the peasants in the Champaran indigo issue as a pragmatic compromise. When the British planters offered to refund only 25 percent of the money extorted from the sharecroppers, Gandhi surprisingly accepted the offer. Despite the expectations that he would demand full repayment, Gandhi prioritized the symbolic victory over the monetary amount. By accepting the 25 percent refund, he aimed to break the deadlock and emphasize the landlords' obligation to surrender part of the money, thus diminishing their prestige. For Gandhi, the essence lay in establishing the principle that the landlords were accountable and that the peasants had rights and defenders. Q4. Civil Disobedience had triumphed for the first time in modern India. When and how did it happen? (120-150 words/ 5 Marks) The triumph of civil disobedience in modern India occurred during the Champaran episode. In 1917, when Gandhi was summoned to court for his refusal to leave Champaran and received a notice to quit the region, he disobeyed the order. Facing a potential legal battle, Gandhi declared his guilt and was prepared to face the consequences. However, a spontaneous demonstration by thousands of peasants in support of Gandhi outside the courthouse created a situation where the authorities felt powerless without his cooperation. The officials requested a delay in the trial, and eventually, the Lieutenant-Governor ordered the case to be dropped. This marked the first instance of civil disobedience succeeding against the British authorities in modern India, establishing a precedent for future nonviolent resistance. Q5. What does Gandhi refer to as ‘conflict of duties’? Ans: Gandhi refers to the ' conflict of duties ' when he explains his refusal to obey the order to leave Champaran immediately. On one hand, he felt a duty not to set a bad example as a lawbreaker, and on the other hand, he was committed to rendering "humanitarian and national service" for the distressed peasants. Gandhi believed that his disobedience was not a disregard for lawful authority but an obedience to the higher law of conscience, emphasizing the moral and ethical dimensions of his actions. This 'conflict of duties' highlights Gandhi's philosophy of balancing legal obligations with a higher moral duty to serve humanity and fight against injustice. Q6. What would be the impact of synthetic indigo on the prices of natural indigo? Ans: The landlords in Champaran compelled sharecroppers to cultivate indigo as the chief commercial crop. However, when Germany developed synthetic indigo, the landlords obtained agreements from sharecroppers to release them from the 15 percent indigo cultivation arrangement. This suggests that the availability of synthetic indigo made the traditional cultivation less profitable or desirable. The shift to synthetic indigo would likely have led to a decline in demand for natural indigo, potentially affecting its prices negatively. The landlords sought compensation from sharecroppers for releasing them from the indigo arrangement, indicating a recognition of the changing economic dynamics due to the introduction of synthetic alternatives. 2022 Q7. What would be the impact of synthetic indigo on the prices of natural indigo? Ans: Refer to the above answer. Q8. What changes occurred in the lives of farmers after Gandhi's visit to Champaran? Ans: After Gandhi's visit to Champaran, several significant changes occurred in the lives of the farmers: 1. End of Indigo Sharecropping: The successful intervention by Gandhi and the subsequent inquiry led to a resolution of the issues faced by the indigo sharecroppers. The British planters agreed, in principle, to make refunds to the peasants, signaling the end of the oppressive indigo sharecropping system. 2. Empowerment and Liberation: The spontaneous demonstration by thousands of peasants in support of Gandhi marked the beginning of their liberation from fear of British authorities. This empowerment was a result of the nonviolent resistance led by Gandhi, showcasing the potential of civil disobedience in challenging colonial oppression. 3. Land Reversion to Peasants: Within a few years, the British planters abandoned their estates, and the land reverted to the peasants. This marked a significant shift in land ownership, giving the peasants control over the land they cultivated. 4. Cultural and Social Development: Gandhi recognized the cultural and social backwardness in Champaran villages. As part of his efforts to bring about immediate change, he appealed for teachers, and volunteers, including Gandhi's associates and their wives, started opening primary schools in six villages. This initiative aimed to address the educational needs of the community. 5. Health and Sanitation Improvement: Gandhi, during his stay, addressed health conditions by getting a doctor to volunteer services. Basic medical treatments were provided, and efforts were made to improve personal cleanliness and community sanitation. 6. Development of Self-Reliance: Gandhi's emphasis on self-reliance was evident when he opposed the idea of relying on an Englishman, Charles Freer Andrews, during the struggle. This instilled a sense of self-reliance among the local leaders, as highlighted by Rajendra Prasad's comments. In summary, Gandhi's visit to Champaran brought about a positive transformation in the lives of the farmers, leading to the end of oppressive practices, empowerment, and improvements in education, health, and self-reliance. Q9. How did Civil disobedience triumph for the first time in India? Ans: The triumph of civil disobedience for the first time in modern India is illustrated in the Champaran episode, as depicted in the story . Here's a detailed explanation: 1. Gandhi's Disobedience and Summons to Court: Gandhi, in response to the grievances of indigo sharecroppers in Champaran, refused to obey the order to leave the region, asserting his commitment to addressing the issues faced by the peasants. This act of civil disobedience by Gandhi, openly defying British authorities, led to his summons to appear in court for his refusal to comply with the order. 2. Spontaneous Peasant Demonstration: The news of Gandhi's summons spread quickly among the local peasants in Champaran. In a remarkable show of support and solidarity, thousands of peasants gathered outside the courthouse in a spontaneous demonstration, expressing their backing for Gandhi. 3. Authorities Powerless without Gandhi's Cooperation: Faced with the massive and united demonstration of the local population, the British authorities found themselves powerless to proceed without Gandhi's cooperation. The officials, feeling the strength of the united peasant front, requested a delay in the trial, indicating their recognition of the potential unrest and challenges they would face without Gandhi's cooperation. 4. Case Dropped and Triumph of Civil Disobedience: The Lieutenant-Governor, influenced by the situation and the support for Gandhi, ordered the case against him to be dropped. This marked the triumph of civil disobedience for the first time in modern India. Gandhi's refusal to obey the order and the subsequent overwhelming support from the local population forced the British authorities to concede, signaling the effectiveness of nonviolent resistance against colonial oppression. 5. Impact and Symbolism: The Champaran episode became a symbol of the power of civil disobedience and nonviolent resistance against British rule. It inspired confidence among Indians that peaceful mass mobilization could challenge and triumph over the seemingly unquestionable authority of the British colonial rulers. Conclusion: In essence, the Champaran episode represents the first successful instance of civil disobedience in modern India, as Gandhi's principled stand and the united support of the peasants compelled the British authorities to back down and drop the case against him. This event laid the groundwork for Gandhi's philosophy of Satyagraha and became a beacon for future movements in the Indian struggle for independence. Q10. Gandhiji worked for the social backwardness in Chamaparan villages. Elaborate with instances from the text. Ans: Gandhi's work in Champaran extended beyond addressing the economic grievances of the indigo sharecroppers. He also focused on alleviating the social and cultural backwardness in the villages. Several instances from the text highlight Gandhi's efforts in this regard: 1. Education Initiatives: Gandhi appealed for teachers to address the educational needs of the community in Champaran. Volunteers, including Gandhi's associates and their wives, responded to the call, and primary schools were opened in six villages. This initiative aimed to uplift the educational standards of the local population, contributing to the overall social development. 2. Focus on Personal Cleanliness and Community Sanitation: Kasturbai, Gandhi's wife, took on the role of teaching the ashram rules on personal cleanliness and community sanitation. This effort was a practical step toward improving hygiene practices and living conditions in the villages, addressing a crucial aspect of social well-being. 3. Health Improvement Measures: Gandhi noticed the poor health conditions in Champaran and took action to address them. A doctor volunteered his services for six months, offering medical assistance to the villagers. Basic medicines, including castor oil, quinine, and sulphur ointment, were provided to address common health issues, reflecting Gandhi's concern for the well-being of the community. 4. Empowerment of Women: Gandhi, recognizing the conditions of women in Champaran, addressed the issue of dirty clothes. He instructed Kasturbai to talk to women about improving cleanliness and hygiene. This intervention aimed at empowering women and enhancing their living conditions, contributing to the broader social upliftment. 5. Societal Transformation Through Education: Gandhi's emphasis on education went beyond academic learning; it included imparting values and principles for personal and community development. By establishing schools and promoting education, Gandhi sought to bring about a broader societal transformation, empowering individuals with knowledge and fostering a sense of responsibility and community. 6. Awareness of Latrine Maintenance: Gandhi, even from a distance, monitored the ashram and its activities in Champaran. He emphasized the importance of maintaining hygiene by instructing the filling of old latrine trenches and digging new ones. Conclusion : This directive reflected Gandhi's holistic approach to social development, considering even basic sanitary facilities as essential for community well-being. In summary, Gandhi's work in Champaran went beyond the economic aspects, encompassing initiatives to address social backwardness. Through education, health interventions, cleanliness campaigns, and empowerment efforts, he aimed to uplift the overall well-being of the Champaran villages, reflecting his commitment to holistic and sustainable social development. 2022 Q11. Gandhi effectively managed to redress the problems of the indigo sharecroppers with the Lieutenant Governor. What did he achieve? Ans: Gandhi, through persistent efforts, convinced the Lieutenant Governor to appoint an official commission of inquiry into the grievances of indigo sharecroppers in Champaran. This led to a resolution where landlords agreed, in principle, to refund 50% of the unjustly extorted money, marking a significant victory for the peasants. Q12.  Gandhi not only alleviated the economic conditions of the Champaran people but also their social and cultural background. Justify. Ans: Educational Reforms: Gandhi's commitment to social transformation in Champaran extended to addressing educational gaps. He appealed for teachers, leading to the establishment of primary schools, aiming to uplift the community's educational standards. Health and Hygiene Initiatives: Recognizing the poor health conditions, Gandhi took steps to improve healthcare. A volunteered doctor provided medical assistance, and basic medicines were distributed. Efforts to enhance personal cleanliness and community sanitation were also emphasized. Empowering Women: Gandhi's concern for women's conditions in Champaran manifested in instructions to address clothing issues. This initiative aimed at empowering women and improving their living conditions, contributing to broader societal upliftment. Self-Reliance and Holistic Transformation: Gandhi's emphasis on self-reliance went beyond economic aspects, fostering a holistic societal transformation. His vision integrated education, health, and empowerment initiatives, aiming to break social and cultural backwardness and create an inclusive and empowered community. Conclusion : The Champaran episode exemplifies Gandhi's multifaceted approach, not only addressing economic injustices but also laying the foundation for comprehensive social development. His initiatives formed an integral part of India's journey towards independence. 2020 Q13. What was the contract between the sharecroppers of Champaran and their British landlords? Ans: 1. Mandatory Indigo Cultivation: The landlords required all tenants, who were sharecroppers, to plant a specific portion of their holdings with indigo. This was typically set at three twentieths or 15 percent of their total land. 2. Surrender of Entire Indigo Harvest: According to the contract, the sharecroppers were obligated to surrender the entire indigo harvest from the specified portion of their land to the landlords as rent. This was done under a long-term contractual arrangement. Q14. Why did Gandhi say : “Freedom from fear is more important than legal justice for the poor” ? (All India 2024 | Set 1/3/1) Ans: Gandhi said, “Freedom from fear is more important than legal justice for the poor” because he believed true change begins with self-reliance and courage. He aimed to empower the peasants to overcome their fear of oppression, as courage would enable them to stand up for their rights and fight for justice independently. Poets & Pancakes   In the chapter ' Poets and Pancakes', the author has used gentle humour to point out human foibles. Pick out instances of this to show how it served to make the extract engaging. ( All India 2023 | Set 1/3/1) Ans: 1. Humorous Description of the Make-up Department Asokamitran humorously describes the make-up department, likening it to a “hair-cutting salon” filled with incandescent lights. The staff could transform any “decent-looking person into a hideous crimson-hued monster” with their pancake make-up. This exaggeration highlights the absurdity of the excessive make-up, bringing a comedic tone to the otherwise mundane activities. 2. Strict Hierarchy within the Department The hierarchy in the make-up department is amusingly portrayed, where only the chief artist handles lead actors and actresses. Lesser artists work on secondary actors, while the office boy is tasked with painting the crowd players. This rigid system, which applies even to make-up, serves to mock the overly serious approach to trivial matters. 3. The Office Boy’s Unfulfilled Dreams The office boy, who once aspired to be a star, now finds himself applying make-up to extras. His disappointment and bitterness are humorously directed at Subbu, whom he envies and blames for his lack of success. This resentmen t showcases human vanity and ambition, adding a layer of irony to the narrative. 4. Contrast between Poetic Aspirations and Studio Reality Asokamitran highlights the irony of poets and writers, often serious and idealistic, working in a film studio. The author humorously presents Gemini Studios as a place where the lofty ideals of poetry clash with the commercial world of cinema. This adds a layer of subtle satire, making the text more engaging and reflective of human contradictions. What does “The God That Failed” refer to? (All India 2024 | Set 1/1/1) Ans: “The God That Failed” refers to a book comprising essays by six prominent writers, including Stephen Spender, which critiqued and reflected on their disillusionment with communism. In Poet and Pancakes , it symbolizes the failure of communism, and the edition mentioned was a low-priced student version commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Russian Revolution . Q3. How was there a great deal of national integration in the make-up department? ( All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1) Ans: There was a great deal of national integration in the make-up department as it was composed of people from diverse backgrounds and regions. The team included individuals of different castes and creeds, such as Bengalis, Maharashtrians, Kannadigas, Andhras, Anglo-Burmese, Madras Indian Christians, and local Tamils. This diverse mix symbolized unity and collaboration across cultures within the department. The Interview Q1. What according to Umberto Eco is the belief that most journalists and publishers have ? ( All India 2024 | Set 1/1/1) Ans: According to Umberto Eco, most journalists and publishers believe that readers prefer easy, superficial content rather than complex, challenging reading experiences. They think people generally avoid serious literature. This belief left them puzzled by the unexpected success of Eco's intellectually demanding novel The Name of the Rose , which became widely popular despite its depth and complexity. Q2. Did Umberto Eco like to be identified as a novelist ? Give reasons in support of your answer. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1) Ans: Umberto Eco did not like to be primarily identified as a novelist. He viewed himself as a university professor who wrote novels on Sundays and preferred academic activities over literary circles. Eco identified with the academic community, participating in conferences rather than pen clubs or writers' meetings. Q3. Imagine you are Mukund Padmanabhan (The Interview) and you interviewed M. Hamel, after he had finished delivering the last lesson (The Last Lesson). Write a paragraph on Hamel’s views on individual responsibility and nationalism. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/2/2) Ans: As M. Hamel reflected on his teaching after delivering the last lesson, he emphasized the crucial role of individual responsibility in both education and nationalism. He urged parents to prioritize their children's education over sending them to the mill or fields to work. For students, he stressed the importance of valuing their education and not procrastinating, while teachers must engage their students with genuine academic pursuits. On a broader level, Hamel highlighted the significance of preserving one's mother tongue as a vital aspect of identity and freedom. He strongly believed that language is a powerful symbol of national pride, and it is essential to hold fast to one’s cultural roots. For Hamel, nationalism was rooted in respect for one's language and the understanding that education, particularly in the mother tongue, was the key to freedom and self-determination. Q4. Umberto Eco (The Interview) has a talk with Danny Casey from the story “Going Places”. Danny, being a football prodigy, feels his popularity may affect his game as he can’t devote much time to it. What advice will Umberto Eco give Danny about time management ? Write a paragraph on the interaction between the two and the advice given by Umberto Eco. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/3/1 ) Ans: In their conversation, Umberto Eco, known for his philosophy of using “interstices” or gaps of time effectively, would offer Danny Casey advice on managing his demanding schedule. Eco would emphasize the importance of making the most of the small, often overlooked moments throughout the day for reflection and strategizing. He would tell Danny that balancing his popularity and game requires a judicious use of time, ensuring he dedicates intervals for focused thinking, planning, and practice, free from distractions. Eco would encourage Danny to remain grounded, reminding him that true mastery and fame in football come from consistent effort and dedication. By channeling his energy into productive gaps and maintaining a sharp focus, Danny could manage his popularity while continuing to excel on the field. Eco’s advice would blend practical time management with a reminder of prioritizing passion and commitment to avoid being overwhelmed by fame. Q5. What do you understand by “interstices”? How does Umberto Eco utilize his interstices ? (All India 2024 | Set 1/3/1) Ans: "Interstices" refer to gaps or intervals between activities. Umberto Eco uses these interstices effectively by treating them as valuable time pockets to engage in productive work. He utilizes these spaces between tasks to plan, write, and sketch out his next projects, maximizing his output and creativity. Q6. Stephen Spender’s visit to the Gemini Studios was viewed as an unexplained mystery by the Gemini family. How did Asokamitran solve this mystery years later ? ( All India 2024 | set 1/3/1) Ans: Stephen Spender’s visit to Gemini Studios puzzled everyone as they were unfamiliar with his name and relevance. Years later, Asokamitran discovered that Spender was a co-writer of The God That Failed , a book critiquing communism. This revelation clarified that Spender’s visit was linked to anti-communist ideology, solving the long-standing myst ery. Going Places 1 . Why did Sophie wish to delve more deeply in her brother's affections? Ans: Sophie wished to delve more deeply into her brother's affections because she felt a sense of curiosity and longing for the world outside her immediate surroundings. Geoff, being older and working as an apprentice mechanic, represented a connection to a broader world that Sophie desired to explore. She sensed that Geoff had experiences and knowledge beyond her reach, and she wanted to be a part of that, breaking free from the limitations of her current life. 2. Fantasizing and unrealistic dreams sometimes lead to disappointment and disillusionment. Discuss this with reference to the story Going Places. (120-150 Words/ 5 Marks) Answers: In the story "Going Places," Sophie's fantasizing and unrealistic dreams serve as a central theme that leads to disappointment and disillusionment. Sophie dreams of having a boutique and compares herself to successful figures like Mary Quant. However, her family's financial constraints and the practicalities of life make achieving these dreams challenging. Her aspirations clash with the reality of her future earmarked for the biscuit factory. Similarly, Sophie's encounter with Danny Casey, a famous footballer, becomes a source of fantasy and excitement. However, when she waits for him by the canal, he doesn't show up, shattering her dreams. This highlights the contrast between her idealized vision and the harsh realities of life. The story underscores the notion that indulging in fantasies and unrealistic dreams can set one up for inevitable disappointment and disillusionment when confronted with the limitations and practicalities of the real world. Q3. What inference can you draw about Sophie’s relationship with her father from the story ‘Going Places’? (All India 2024 | set 1/1/1) Ans: Sophie’s relationship with her father in Going Places  is strained and distant. While Sophie sought his approval, her father showed disapproval and dismissiveness toward her imaginative stories. His practical, no-nonsense nature clashed with Sophie’s dreamy outlook. He was often aggressive, prompting Sophie to avoid confrontations, revealing a lack of warmth or understanding. Q4. Bring out the contrast between Jansie and Sophie in the story ‘Going Places’. (All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1) Ans: Jansie  is pragmatic and practical-minded, fully aware of her limitations and realistic about life. She is level-headed and uses reason, accepting their working-class background without unrealistic aspirations. On the other hand, Sophie  is a daydreamer, constantly romanticizing her adolescence with fanciful ideas. She is highly imaginative and infatuated with the idea of a glamorous life, indulging in hero-worship, particularly of the football star Danny Casey. Sophie’s unrealistic dreams contrast sharply with Jansie’s grounded nature . Q5. The lesson ‘The Rattrap’ is both entertaining and philosophical. Do you agree with the statement? Give reasons. (All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1) Ans:   Yes, The Rattrap  is both entertaining and philosophical. Entertaining aspects  include the humor infused in the story, such as when the peddler amusingly calls himself a rat caught in the world’s rattrap. His comical revenge of imagining others as rats adds a light-hearted touch, as does the humorous outburst when he interacts with the ironmaster, who mistakes him for an old acquaintance. Philosophically , the story portrays life as a metaphorical rattrap, suggesting that the world offers temptations as baits, trapping people in a cycle of greed and consequences. The peddler’s eventual realization that kindness and generosity can set one free from this trap carries a profound message about the power of compassion and redemption. Q6. ‘Resignation was no sudden thing’. What is the implication of this remark in the context of Sophie’s character? ( All India 2024 | Set 1/3/1) Ans: The remark "Resignation was no sudden thing" reflects Sophie’s refusal to accept the harsh realities of her life. She lives in a world of fantasy, dreaming of meeting Danny Casey and achieving something extraordinary. Even when disappointed, she doesn’t quickly give up, clinging to her dreams rather than resigning herself to reality. Q7. ‘Soaf, you really should be sensible !’ What does Jansie’s advice to her friend Sophie reveal about their friendship? ( All India 2024 | Set 1/4/1) Ans: Jansie’s advice  reveals a true and honest friendship between her and Sophie. Their friendship is marked by contrasts: Jansie is practical, cautious, and grounded, while Sophie is a dreamer who lives in a world of fantasies. Jansie’s concern shows her genuine care for Sophie, urging her to be realistic and avoid disappointment. This reflects a supportive dynamic where Jansie tries to protect Sophie from her unrealistic aspirations. Q8. After reading ‘Aunt Jennifer’s Tiger’ and ‘Going Places’, you realize that Aunt Jennifer and Sophie’s mother have been subdued by their respective husbands. As a social activist you have to write an article to a newspaper on the need to empower women. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/4/1) You may begin like this. Empowerment of women is a very essential social reform. It needs to be accelerated for any nation to progress……. Ans: Empowerment of Women: A Need for Progress Empowerment of women is a very essential social reform. It needs to be accelerated for any nation to progress, as women make up approximately 50% of the population. An empowered woman contributes to social, economic, and educational growth, driving a nation forward. Gender equality, representation in government, and increased opportunities for education and employment are critical for this change. In literature, examples like Aunt Jennifer in Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers  and Sophie’s mother in Going Places  illustrate the impact of subjugation. Aunt Jennifer’s life is overshadowed by the dominance of her husband, restricting her potential and leaving her broken. Similarly, Sophie’s mother is portrayed as a silent, passive observer, reflecting the lack of empowerment. To build a just and progressive society, we must challenge these norms, ensuring that women are empowered to use their voices, reach their potential, and shape their futures.

Lesson Highlights YouTube Concept Video Introduction Stanza-Wise Explanations Literary Devices/ Figures of Speech NCERT Solution CBE-Based Questions YouTube Concept Video Spotify Podcast of the Poem NCERT Official Discussion on My Mother at Sixty Six by Kamala Das Introduction: The poem drives home the fact that aging is a natural process and we have no sway (i.e control) over it. Like aging, death is also inevitable (i.e a must) in the lives of people. We should come to terms with this hard core fact of life. If we fail to negotiate with this universal process of aging and mortality, we shall end up being in despair. The writer in this poem is so obsessed with her mother that she has become totally blind to the fact of inevitability of aging and death. Due to her possessiveness for her mother since her childhood, she developed subdued fear and consequent pain in her mind that one day she would have to part with her mother. Like the woman in the poem ‘Mirror’, the poet is unable to digest the fact of aging and death. Therefore, she is in conflict with herself. From a personal pain and agony the poem transcends into universal problem of pain at separation from our beloved ones. This inevitable pain at separation is fairly universal in nature. Hence justified at all layers of human relationship. Theme My Mother at Sixty-Six  explores the themes of aging, mortality, fear of separation, and the deep bond between a mother and daughter. Aging and Mortality  – The poet becomes painfully aware of her mother’s aging as she notices her frail, pale face resembling a corpse and a "late winter’s moon." This symbolizes the inevitable decline that comes with old age. Fear of Separation  – The poet experiences an “old, familiar ache” —her childhood fear of losing her mother. This fear of separation from a loved one is universal and deeply emotional. Contrast Between Youth and Old Age  – The poet contrasts her mother’s aging with the vitality of the outside world, where young trees seem to sprint and children are happily playing. This contrast emphasizes the transient nature of life. Suppressed Emotions  – Despite her deep pain, the poet chooses not to express her emotions openly. Instead, she smiles and reassures her mother, symbolizing how people often hide their true feelings to avoid causing distress to their loved ones. Stanza-Wise Explanations Lines 1 to 6 ​Driving from my parent’s home to Cochin last Friday morning, I saw my mother, beside me, doze, open mouthed, her face ashen like that of a corpse and realised with pain that she was as old as she looked but soon put that thought away,… Glossary: Doze: A light sleep Her face ashen like that of a corpse: The face of her mother is pale and dull like that of a corpse. Literary Device: Simile  ( Direct comparison using ‘like’ or ‘as’ ) “her face ashen like that of a corpse” The poet compares her mother’s pale, lifeless face to a corpse, highlighting her frailty and aging. Paraphrase: The poet was driving with her mother to the Cochin Airport. Her mother was sitting next to her. The running of the car made her doze off open mouthed. When the poet looked at her, she realised that her mother’s face was pale like a dead body. This painful thought made her realize that she looked as old as she was - a sixty-six year old woman. But this realisation hurt the poetess so much that she put that thought away for a while. Lines 6 to 12 ​… and looked out at Young Trees sprinting, the merry children spilling out of their homes, but after the airport’s security check, standing a few yards away, I looked again at her, wan, pale as a late winter’s moon … Glossary: Young trees sprinting : When the vehicle is moving, the young trees appear to be racing behind. Merry Children spilling out of their homes : Cheerful children rushing out of their homes. As a late winter’s moon : Here the poet means that her mother’s colourless face appeared like that of a late winter’s moon. Literary Device: Personification  ( Giving human qualities to non-human things ) “Young Trees sprinting” Trees are personified as if they are running, symbolizing energy and youth. Simile (Direct comparison using ‘like’ or ‘as’) ''wan, pale as a late winter’s moon” Her mother’s face is compared to the dim, weak winter moon, symbolizing old age and approaching death. Paraphrase: In order to divert her attention from her ailing mother, the poetess looked out of the vehicle at the young trees and happy children coming out of their houses. When they reached the airport, the poet went to the airport’s security check. After the physical separation from her mother after the security check at the airport, she looked back at her mother and again saw her pale and colourless face, which she compared to a late winter's moon. Lines 12 to 15 ​… and felt that old familiar ache, my childhood’s fear, but all I said was, see you soon, Amma, all I did was smile and smile and smile ...... Glossary: familiar ache : the pain was which was known to her. That old familiar ache: The old familiar ache refers to the poet’s childhood fear that her mother would die one day. Literary Device: Repetition (Repetition of words for emphasis) “smile and smile and smile” The repetition of "smile" shows the poet’s attempt to hide her sadness and reassure her mother, despite feeling emotional pain. Paraphrase: After looking at her mother’s face from the other side of the security check, the poet felt an old familiar pain again. But these emotional thought were so overpowering in nature that she had to mask her obsessive thought in front of her mother and said to her Amma that she would see her soon and smiled away all her underlying thoughts. Literary Devices/ Figures of Speech Symbolism  (Using objects or images to represent deeper meanings) “Late winter’s moon”  – Symbolizes old age, dimming vitality, and approaching death. “Sprinting trees”  – Symbolizes the fast passage of time. “Merry children”  – Represents youth, liveliness, and energy, in contrast to the poet’s mother ​Alliteration ​A figure of speech in which consonants at the beginning of words or stressed syllables are repeated. f amiliar ache, my childhood’s f ear Assonance ​A repetition of similar vowel sounds usually close together to achieve the effect of being pleasing to the ear is called assonance. Driving fr o m my parent’s h o me to C o chin last Friday • m o rning, I saw my m o ther, beside me, • doze, open mouthed, her face ashen like that ​Personification The attribution of human qualities to inanimate objects is called personification Young Trees sprinting Repetition A repetition of sounds, words, phrases or stanzas that create a certain effect. all I did was smile, smile and smile. Simile A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another to clarify and enhance an image. It is an explicit comparison using works ‘like’ and ‘as’. I looked again at her, wan, pale as a late winter’s moon Symbol A symbol is an object, animate or inanimate, which represents or stands for something else (a) ‘a late winter’s moon’ is a symbol of death (b) ‘merry children’ are a symbol of youth and life Recapitulation: The writer in this poem is so obsessed with her mother that she has become totally blind to the fact of inevitability of aging and death. While driving to the Cochin airport, the poet noticed that her mother was sleeping with her mouth open. Her face looked like that of a corpse. She at once realised that her mother had gone very old. The poet put away the thought of the distressing reality of her mother getting old and her impending death. The contrast between the old mother inside the car and the young and lively tress outside the car has been brought out in the poem. The ‘merry children’ epitomises exuberance and vigour of youth. In contrast to this image, the mother is old and pale. Therefore, the image of cheerful children rushing out their homes brings out the contrast between the old age and the youth. The late winter’s moon looks very hazy and lacks brightness and lustre. Similarly, the mother who is now sixty-six is pale and has a shrunken and ashen face which is like a corpse. The poet’s parting words and smile are a facade to suppress her feelings of insecurity. The poet feels the pangs of separation, yet she sees her mother off with a smile to reassure her that they would meet again. They signify the fact that such separations in life are inescapable and inevitable. NCERT Solution 1. What is the kind of pain and ache that the poet feels? Ans: `The poet feels excruciating pain at the very thought of being separated from her mother. Her childhood fear that her mother would die one day starts surfacing in her mind at the time of departure from her mother at the airport. 2. Why are the young trees described as ‘sprinting’? Ans: Here the contrast between the old mother and the young and lively tress has been brought out in the poem. The poet in the company with her mother is travelling by a car. Therefore, the roadside trees seem to be speeding past the vehicle. 3. Why has the poet brought in the image of the merry children ‘spilling out of their homes’? Ans: The ‘merry children’ epitomises exuberance and vigour of youth. In contrast to this image, the mother is old and pale. Therefore, the image of cheerful children rushing out their homes brings out the contrast between the old age and the youth. 4. Why has the mother been compared to ‘late winter’s moon’? The late winter’s moon looks very hazy and lacks brightness and lustre. Similarly, the mother who is now sixty-six is pale and has a shrunken and ashen face which is like a corpse. She is devoid of the effervescence and exhilaration of youth. 5. What do the parting words of the poet and her smile signify? The poet’s parting words and smile are a facade to suppress her feelings of insecurity. The poet feels the pangs of separation, yet she sees her mother off with a smile to reassure her that they would meet again. They signify the fact that such separations in life are inescapable and inevitable. 6. Why did the poetess smile and smile? The poetess smiled and smiled only because she wanted to suppress her fears from her mother. She is reassuring herself and also her mother that they will meet again. 7. Which thought did the poet put away? Ans: The poet put away the thought of the distressing reality of her mother getting old and her impending death. 8. Why does her mother’s face look like that of a corpse? Ans: Her mother’s face has lost all its glow and colour owing to old age. As she has lost the lustre of her face, so her face looks like that of a corpse. 9. What were the poet’s fears as a child? Why do they surface when she is going to the airport? Ans: As a child the poet was insecure about losing her mother. The same feelings are evoked inside her while she is on the way to the airport by seeing her mother’s pale face, which is a sign of her old age and impending death. 10. What did the poet notice about her mother when she was driving for the airport? Ans: The poet noticed that her mother was sleeping with her mouth open. Her face looked like that of a corpse. She at once realised that her mother had gone very old. Recommended Reading: The Last Lesson Lost Spring by Annes Jung CBE-Based Questions Q1. Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow. Driving from my parent’s home to Cochin last Friday morning, I saw my mother, beside me, doze, open mouthed, her face ashen like that of a corpse and realized with pain that she was as old as she looked but soon put that thought away… 1.1 Choose the option that best applies to the given extract. 1) a conversation 2) an argument 3) a piece of advice 4) a strategy 5) a recollection 6) a suggestion a) 1, 3 & 6 b) 2, 4 & 5 c) Only 5 d) Only 1 1.2 Choose the option that applies correctly to the two statements given below Assertion: The poet wards off the thought of her mother getting old quickly. Reason: The poet didn’t want to confront the inevitability of fate that was to dawn upon her mother. a) Assertion can be inferred but the Reason cannot be inferred. b) Assertion cannot be inferred but the Reason can be inferred. c) Both Assertion and Reason can be inferred. d) Both Assertion and Reason cannot be inferred. 1.3 Choose the option that displays the same literary device as in the given lines of the extract. her face ashen like that of a corpse… a) Just as I had I had this thought, she appeared and… b) My thoughts were as heavy as lead that evening when … c) I think like everyone else who… d) I like to think aloud when … Q2. …I looked again at her, wan, pale as a late winter’s moon and felt that old familiar ache, my childhood’s fear, but all I said was, see you soon, Amma, all I did was smile and smile and smile...... 2.1 What is the speaker's emotional state when looking at her mother? A. Confused and disoriented B. Nostalgic and longing C. Empathetic and understanding D. Fearful and apprehensive 2.2 What does the use of the word "but" at the beginning of the line, ‘ but all I said..’, suggest ? 2.3 Select the word that WILL NOT complete the sentence appropriately. The description of the mother as "wan, pale / as a late winter's moon" creates a vivid image of ________ . A. vulnerability B. sensitivity C. frailty D. mortality 2.4 State whether the given statement is TRUE or FALSE. The poetic device used in the line, ‘pale as a winter’s moon’ is the same as the one used in the line, ‘the winter wind wistfully wailed at night’. 2.5 What message do these lines highlight, in the context of familial relationships, and the speaker’s sense of anxiety and fear at the prospect of losing her mother? 2.6 Complete the sentence appropriately. The repetition of the word, ‘smile’ suggests that _______________. Q3. And looked out at Young Trees sprinting, the merry children spilling out of their homes, but after the airport’s security check, standing a few yards away, I looked again at her, wan, pale as a late winter’s moon and felt that old familiar ache… 3.1 What is the most likely reason the poet capitalised ‘Young Trees’? This was to a) convey a clearer meaning. b) highlight the adj.-noun combination. c) enhance the contrast. d) draw a connection with the title. 3.2 Choose the option that appropriately describes the relationship between the two statements given below. Statement 1: The poet knows her mother has aged. Statement 2: The poet feels the pain of separation. a) Beginning – Ending b) Cause – Effect c) Question – Answer d) Introduction – Conclusion 3.3 Choose the option that completes the sentence given below. Just as the brightness of the winter’s moon is veiled behind the haze and mist, similarly, __________________. a) the pain of separation has shaded mother’s expression. b) age has fogged mother’s youthful appearance. c) growing up has developed a seasoned maturity in the poet. d) memories warm the heart like the pale moon in winter. Short Questions ( 2 Marks) Q1. The pain of separation is expressed both literally and metaphorically in this poem. Elucidate. Ans: The pain of separation is expressed both literally and metaphorically. Literally, the speaker observes her aging mother's frailty during a car journey, realizing the stark reality of her mother's old age. This is evident when she describes her mother's ashen face, resembling that of a corpse. Metaphorically, the poem delves into the emotional separation as the speaker witnesses the generational gap between her aging mother and the vibrant world outside, symbolized by young trees and joyful children. The ache of realizing her mother's mortality triggers childhood fears and emotions, emphasizing the universal experience of coming to terms with the aging of loved ones. The poem ends with the speaker masking her emotions with a smile, highlighting the complexity of emotions surrounding separation and aging. Q2. Comment on the tone of the poem with references to “My Mother at Sixty Six”. Ans: The tone of Kamala Das' "My Mother at Sixty-Six" is one of poignant reflection and bittersweet nostalgia. The poem's sensitivity is evident as the speaker observes her mother's vulnerability and aging. It carries an underlying sense of melancholy, acceptance, and nostalgia, reflecting a deep reverence for the mother. The poem beautifully captures the complex emotions tied to aging and separation, creating a heartfelt and moving atmosphere. Q3. Imagery was an effective literary device to bring out the contrast between the “merry children” and mother. Comment. Ans: In "My Mother at Sixty-Six" by Kamala Das, imagery is a powerful literary device that vividly highlights the contrast between the "merry children" and the speaker's mother. The poet uses visual imagery to paint contrasting pictures: 1. Merry Children : The poem portrays the image of joyful, energetic children spilling out of their homes. This imagery is bright, lively, and filled with youthful exuberance. It represents the vitality and enthusiasm of youth, symbolizing the ongoing cycle of life. 2. Mother's Fragility : In contrast, the imagery surrounding the mother is starkly different. She is described as "wan" and "pale as a late winter’s moon." This imagery conveys her frailty and vulnerability, emphasizing her advanced age and the physical toll it has taken on her. The stark contrast between the vibrant, spirited children and the elderly, frail mother underscores the theme of aging and the passing of time. Through imagery, the poet effectively conveys the emotional impact of this contrast, creating a poignant and thought-provoking atmosphere in the poem. Q4. The poet does not directly mention the fear of her mother’s death and yet she is successfully able to convey the same through different poetic techniques. Discuss Ans: The fear of the mother's death is not explicitly mentioned, but it is skillfully conveyed through various poetic techniques: (Mention any two of the following poetic devices). 1. Imagery: The poet employs vivid and evocative imagery to describe her mother's appearance as "ashen like that / of a corpse" and "wan, pale / as a late winter’s moon." These descriptions evoke a sense of mortality and impending death without explicitly stating it. 2. Symbolism : The mother's frailty and her face resembling that of a corpse serve as symbols of mortality. The poem's journey, the young trees, and the merry children symbolize the passage of time and the cyclical nature of life. 3. Tone : The melancholic and reflective tone of the poem conveys an underlying sense of fear and anxiety about the mother's aging and eventual demise. The sensitivity with which the speaker observes her mother's vulnerability hints at the unspoken fear. 4. Contrast : By contrasting the vibrant, youthful world outside the car with the mother's frailty within, the poet indirectly emphasizes the inevitable contrast between life and death. 5. Irony : The poet's decision to smile and mask her emotions at the end of the poem can be seen as a form of irony. It suggests a coping mechanism to deal with the fear of losing her mother, as she is unable to express her true emotions directly. Through these poetic techniques, Kamala Das effectively conveys the fear of her mother's death without explicitly mentioning it, allowing readers to infer and engage with the deeper emotional layers of the poem. Recommended Reading CBQ-MCQs For English Board Exam 2024, Class 12, CBSE, English Core (englishwithadifference.com)

Lesson Architecture Concept Video Biography of the Poet Theme Line-wise Explanation of the Poem Recapitulation Literary Devices NCERT Solution CBE-Based Questions Extract-Based Questions Extra Questions Chapter-wise Board Exam Questions: English Core | Class XII | PYQs ( englishwithadifference.com ) NCERT Official Discussion on the poem ' A Thing of Beauty by John Keats Biography of the Poet (John Keats ( 1795-1821) John Keats- Second Generation of Romantic Poet with Lord Byron and P. B. Shelley. By the end of 19th century he became one of the most beloved of all English poets. His poetry is characterized by the sensual imagery, esp in series of Odes. His notable works are To Autumn, Ode to a Nightingale, On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer, Ode on a Grecian Urn. 'A Thing of Beauty’ is based on a Greek legend, in which Endymion: A Poetic Roma nce’. INTERACTIVE QUIZ Theme | Summary The poem highlights how various objects of nature are a perennial source of pleasure for human beings. A beautiful object is always treasured in our mind because it provides us eternal and everlasting joy. An object of beauty never fades into insignificance , but multiplies manifolds whenever it returns to our mind. The poem focuses on the theme of happiness and how it can be exper ienced. Line-wise Explanation of the Poem | Line-by-Line Explanation (Lines 1-5) A Thing of beauty is a joy forever Its loveliness increases, it will never Pass into nothingness ; but will keep A bower quiet for us , and a sleep Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing . Vocabulary: Pass into nothingness: become insignificant A bower quiet for us: shady place under the tree quiet breathing : relaxed state of mind. Literary Device: Metaphor  – "A thing of beauty" refers to anything that brings joy and inspiration. Paraphrase: The poet says that beauty stays forever. It never fades away and it increases with the passing time. The poet means to say that an object of beauty never goes off with the passing time, rather it multiplies with passage of time. According to the poet, beauty is like a beautiful tree under whose shade all the creatures can sleep peacefully, enjoy good health and relaxed breathing. (Lines 6-7) Therefore, on every morrow , are we wreathing A flowery band to bind us to the ear th, Vocabulary: Morrow: The following day Wreathing: surround, encircle flowery band: here attachment. Literary Device Metaphor  – " Bower quiet for us" (beauty is compared to a restful place). Imagery  – Evokes a picture of restful sleep, happiness, and health. Paraphrase: The poet says that with every passing day, it is the beauty which fills us with immense joy to live on this earth. With the object of beauty providing us sustenance of life, we are being attached to the earth like all the flowers remain attached to each other in a garland of flowers. Literary Device Symbolism  – "Flowery band" represents the connection between humans and nature. Alliteration  – "Band to bind" (repetition of ‘b’ sound). (Lines 8-11) Spite of despondence , of the inhuman dearth Of noble natures , of the gloomy days, Of all the unhealthy and o’er-darkened ways Made for our searching : yes, in spite of all , Vocabulary: despondence– depressed. noble natures : virtuous people. o’er-darkened ways: trials and tribulations. Made for our searching: Gloomy days inhibit our search for those things of beauty. Literary Device: Alliteration  – "Noble natures" (repetition of ‘n’ sound). Personification  – "Gloomy days" (dark days are given human-like em otions). Paraphrase : The poet means to say that a beautiful object has such magnetic charm that it tends to overpower everything. In spite of being depressed, in spite of having shortness of virtuous people, in spite of our sad days, trials and tribulations which tend to restrict us to find those things of beauty, we overcome all limitations and find joy in recollecting the moment of happiness in our lives. (Lines 12-13) Some shape of beauty moves away the pall From our dark spirits. Vocabulary: Pall: pain Dark spirits: sad state of mind. Paraphrase: The poet emphasizes on the fact that in spite of all shortcomings of life, all the hurdles of life, in spite of all, an object of beauty that is found in nature, takes away our pain from our depressed mind. (Lines 14-19) Such the sun, the moon, Trees old, and young, sprouting a shady boon For simple sheep; and such are daffodils With the green world they live in; and clear rills That for themselves a cooling covert make ‘Gainst the hot season; the mid forest brake Rich with a sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms Vocabulary: a shady boon : a shady tree. clear rills : clean small rivers a cooling covert : a source of cool breeze. mid forest brake: forest fern. Literary Devices: Imagery  – Vivid description of the sun, moon, and trees. Alliteration  – "Shady boon for simple sheep" (repetition of ‘s’ sound). Imagery  – Creates a scenic picture of flowers, greenery, and flowing streams. Personification  – "Rills make a cooling covert" (streams are given human-like ability to create shade). Paraphrase: The poet gives the examples of the sun, moon , trees , daffodils, and small rivers and forest fern- which are the things of beauty found in nature and they are responsible for creating beautiful memories for us during our bad phase of life. For example, tress both young and old provide shades to young sheep, daffodils by their green surroundings are a source of perennial joy for us, clear streams provide cool breeze and give relief from the hot season. The forest fern of musk roses is also a refreshing treat for the eyes. Lines 20-24 And such too is the grandeur of the dooms We have imagined for the mighty dead ; All lovely tales that we have heard or read; An endless fountain of immortal drink , Pouring unto us from the heaven’s brin k Vocabulary: 1. grandeur of the dooms : presence of joy even in sadness. 2. mighty dead: famous people who have died . 3. Immortal drink: perennial fountain of nectar. 4. Heaven’s brink: poured onto us from the Heaven ( i.e we experience heavenly bliss) Literary Devices: Oxymoron  – "Grandeur of the dooms" (beauty in death, contrasting ideas). Metaphor  – "Endless fountain of immortal drink" (beauty compared to a divine, never-ending source). Hyperbole  – Exaggeration of beauty as a flowing fountain from heaven. Paraphrase: While talking about the objects of nature that give us immense pleasure, the poet takes reference from our everyday life to justify that there is presence of joy even in the remembrance of famous people who are dead. They continue to inspire us with their contribution in the world even though they are no longer with us. The poet further says in this reference that all beautiful stories of great people that we have heard or read are a source of perennial ( endless) pleasure for us as these stories continue to inspire us and help us sustain the hard times of life. These stories are like endless flow of water from a fountain, which are showered upon us from the almighty God. We experience heavenly bliss when we take recourse to the life stories of great personalities. They are like endless fountain from which mankind can drink elixir of life. Recapitulation: The poem gives us the message that a thing of beauty is a joy forever. In spite of the occasional bad patch in our lives, things of beauty are a source of perennial pleasure that helps us to sustain the trials of life. Anything that gives us pleasure sustains us to face life during our adversary. Any form of beauty that inspires us is like an endless fountain from which mankind can drink the elixir of life. The poem conveys the message that anything beautiful remains engraved in our heart and helps us live life in spite of trials and tribulations. Literary Devices Literary Device NCERT Solution ( Page 99/Flamingo) | Question-Answers 1. List the things of beauty mentioned in the poem. A ns: The things of beauty that are mentioned in the poem are the sun, the mooon , old and young sprouting trees, daffodils, clear rills, sheep, the mid forest brake, fair musk-rose blooms etc. 2. List the things that cause suffering and pain. Ans: The things that cause suffering and pain include 'the inhuman dearth of noble natures', 'gloomy days', ' the unhealthy and o'er-darkened ways' resulting out of undesirable habits. 3. What does the line, 'Therefore are we wreathing a flowery band to bind us to earth' suggest to you? Ans: The poet says that with every passing day, it is the beauty which fills us with immense joy to live on this earth. With the object of beauty providing us sustenance of life, we are being attached to the earth like all the flowers remain attached to each other in a garland of flowers. 4. What makes human beings love life in spite of troubles and sufferings? Ans: The sun, the moon, old and young trees with their shades give us immense pleasure. The daffodils with the green world around is a treat for our eyes. Clear rills provide us a 'cooling covert' against hot season. The forest ferns with a sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms and the lives of the mighty dead leave us with everlasting memory to draw pleasure from and strengthen us to fight all odds of life. 5. Why is 'grandeur' associated with the 'mighty dead'? Ans: The 'grandeur' is experienced in the contemplation of the 'mighty dead'. The poet talks about the fond remembrance of the famous persons who are dead. The recollection of such mighty dead inspires us to work hard. The contemplation of those people gives us same pleasure that we derive in experiencing beautiful things of nature. 6. Do we experience things of beauty only for short moments or do they make a lasting impression on us? Ans: 'Things of beauty' make a lasting impression on us when they make an indelible mark in our mind and become a permanent source of pleasure for us. Thus they are 'an endless fountain of 'immortal drink'. 7. What image does the poet use to describe the beautiful bounty of the earth? Ans: The poet draws an image of ' an endless fountain of immortal drink' that describes the beautiful bounty of the earth. This bounty might include the sun, the moon, old and young sprouting trees, daffodils, clear rills, blooming forest ferns etc. CB-Based Questions | Question-Answers On the basis of the extract, pick the opinion that is NOT TRUE about the theme of the poem. (a) A thing of beauty transcends time and doesn’t fade away. (b) Beauty doesn’t dispel darkness and is surrounded by evil. (c) A thing of beauty is not only physical but spiritual as well. (d) A beautiful thing has a therapeutic quality and brings in a ray of hope. [CBSE Question Bank 2021] Ans. (b) Beauty doesn’t dispel darkness and is surrounded by evil. Explanation: Only option (b) is not true of the theme of beauty as expressed in John Keats’ poem ‘A Thing of Beauty’. Hence, option (b) is the correct answer. Options (a), (c) and (d) are all true about the theme so they are incorrect. 2. Pick the statement that contradicts the idea as expressed by the poet: (a) People are beautiful not in looks but just in what they are. (b) Beautiful people have known suffering, struggle and loss. (c) We must think of all the beauty that is left around us and be happy. (d) We must dwell on the beauty in life and be inspired by it. [CBSE Question Bank 2021] Ans. (b) Beautiful people have known suffering, struggle and loss. Explanation: It can be inferred that only option (b) contradicts the idea of beauty as expressed by John Keats in his poem. Hence option (b) is the correct answer. Options (a), (c) and (d) are incorrect since they support Keats’ idea of beauty. 3. Choose the quote that best describes the poet’s attitude to beauty: (a) Life is full of beauty. Notice it. Notice the bumble bee, the small child, and the smiling faces. Smell the rain and feel the wind. Live your life to the fullest potential, and fight for your dreams. —Ashley Smith (b) The seeds of beauty are in humility. —Maxime Lagacé (c) Beauty is how you feel inside and it reflects in your eyes. It is not something physical. —Sophia Loren (d) Youth is happy because it has the capacity to see beauty. Anyone who keeps the ability to see beauty never grows old. —Franz Kafka Ans: (a) Life is full of beauty. Notice it. Notice the bumble bee, the small child, and the smiling faces. Smell the rain and feel the wind. Live your life to the fullest potential, and fight for your dreams. —Ashley Smith Explanation: All the quotes talk about beauty but only one talks about noticing it and living life. Hence, option (a) is the correct answer. Options (b), (c) and (d) do not come close to John Keats’ vision of beauty. So, they are not the correct answer. 4. Choose the ‘unhealthy and o’er-darkened ways’ from this list: (1) indulge in excess of eating and sleeping (2) discover a new business idea (3) make deals with corrupt people (4) help other people earn money (a) (1) and (3) (b) (1) and (4) (c) (2) and (4) (d) (3) and (4) Ans. (a) (1) and (3) Explanation: Keats’ ‘unhealthy and o’erdarkened ways’ could be inferred to apply to one’s own and others’ physical and financial health as well. This points to option (a) as the correct answer. Options (b), (c) and (d) are partially correct, and hence not the correct answer. 5. Choose the word that DOES NOT mean ‘despondence’: (a) Unhappy (b) Melancholy (c) Misery (d) Exuberance Ans: Exuberance. 6. Which poetic device is used in this line: ‘of the gloomy days,/ Of all the unhealthy and o'er-darkn'd ways’? (a) Internal rhyme (b) Transferred epithet (c) Oxymoron (d) Inversion Ans. (b) Transferred epithet Explanation: The adjective ‘gloomy’ and ‘unhealthy and o'er-darkn'd ways’ describe the human but the epithet has been transferred to the objects like 'days & Ways' here. The poetic device used here is transferred epithet. Hence, option (b) is the correct answer. 7. What purpose do ‘sweet dreams, health and quiet breathing’ have in our lives? (a) To help us understand the origin of beauty in life. (b) To help us see the beauty of nature and human life. (c) To help us tolerate the trials and tribulations of life. (d) To help us appreciate the true beauty of human life. Ans: (d) To help us appreciate the true beauty of human life. Extract-Based Questions 1. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: A thing of beauty is a joy forever: Its loveliness increases, it will never Pass into nothingness; but still will keep A bower quiet for us, and a sleep Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing. (A) Which poetic device is used in the first line: ‘A thing of beauty is a joy forever’? (a) Anaphora (b) Transferred epithet (c) Epigram (d) Metaphor Ans: (c) Epigram Explanation : Epigram: A short witty statement in verse or prose which may be complementary, satiric or aphoristic. Ex: A thing of beauty is a joy forever (B) Which of the following options describe ‘to pass into nothingness’ ? (a) To slip away (b) To survive (c) To become alive (d) To become extinct Ans: (d) To become extinct Explanation: ‘To pass into nothingness’ means to become extinct. Hence, option (d) is the correct answer. (C) Which poetic device is used in ‘but still will keep/A bower quiet for us’? (a) Anaphora (b) Transferred epithet (c) Epigram (d) Metaphor Ans: (d) Metaphor Explanation: Metaphor: A figure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another. A comparison is usually implicit, whereas in simile it is explicit. For Example: A bower quiet for us (the clam and quiet of the bower is equated with the clam offered by beauty) … are we wreathing A flowery band to bind us to the earth, (beauty and beautiful things bind us to the earth) (d) According to the poet, it can be inferred that beauty can help us ................ (a) lead a healthy and wholesome life. (b) love each other and attain peace. (c) understand the human condition. (d) enjoy nature’s delightful bounty. Ans: (a) lead a healthy and wholesome life. 2. And such too is the grandeur of the dooms We have imagined for the mighty dead; All lovely tales that we have heard or read; An endless fountain of immortal drink, Pouring unto us from the heaven’s brink. (A) Which of the following does the ‘grandeur of the dooms’ refers to? (a) The stories told to commemorate the dead. (b) The forests grown to give shelter to people. (c) The fountains built in honour of beauty. (d) The monuments erected to honour the heroes. Ans: (a) The stories told to commemorate the dead. (B) Which poetic device is used in this line ‘We have imagined for the mighty dead’? (a) Oxymoron (b) Apostrophe (c) Assonance (d) Symbol Ans: (a) Oxymoron Explanation: The poetic device ‘oxymoron’ is used in the phrase ‘mighty dead’. It is a figure of speech which combines incongruous and apparently contradictory words and meanings for a special effect. Hence, option (a) is the correct answer. (C) Whose tales has the poet heard of or read? (a) The joy of beauty (b) The eternal fountain (c) The heroic dead (d) Gods and goddesses Ans: (c) The heroic dead Explanation: The poet praises the heroic dead for their deeds and for inspiring the living through the tales of their bravery. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer. (D) Which of the following pours from the heavens according to the poet? (a) nector (b) Beauty (c) Streams (d) Grandeur Ans: (a) nector CBE Questions -Short Answer Type Questions: 1. Rationalize why Keats uses the metaphor ‘an endless fountain of immortal drink’ in his poem, A Thing of Beauty. [CBSE Term-2 SQP 2022] Ans. Things of beauty are just like the immortal drink of the gods that flow continuously and never die Just as the endless fountain of immortality is an elixir of life, similarly things of beauty are constant/ perennial in providing everlasting joy/ motivation/ bliss. 2. How is a thing of beauty a joy forever? [CBSE 2015, 12] Ans. The phrase ‘a thing of beauty is a joy forever’ means that a beautiful object-be it a natural or artificial is a source of joy for a person for a long time even if the original beauty fades or circumstances change. 3. What makes human beings love life in spite of troubles and sufferings? [CBSE 2015, 12, 10] Ans. It is beautiful things around us which make human beings love life in spite of troubles and sufferings. This sublimating effect of the bounty of nature keeps the spirit alive and full of love and life and keeps away the gloom caused by sufferings and troubles. 4. If you were given an opportunity to share your perception of beauty, what would you say? Explain. [CBSE Question Bank 2021] Ans. Beauty to me is simple and natural. Simple and natural beauty can be found in a kind heart, a sweet smile, a quiet moment and a generous attitude. In nature and in human beings, all the things which adhere to these two criteria can be considered as beautiful in my opinion. 5. ‘Beauty is best left undefined’. Support your position on this statement with your rationale, coupled with ideas in the poem. [CBSE Question Bank 2021] Ans. I agree that beauty is best left undefined. In defining beauty, something is lost. For example, the beauty of nature cannot be captured in words no matter how wonderful the words are. Similary, beauty of life in love, empathy, forgiveness cannot be put in words. These are feelings & emotions which can only be treasured and experienced by human beings. For the concept Video of this Poem , Click HERE Additional CBE Questions ( Short Questions) 1. What does a thing of beauty do for us? Or How do beautiful things help us to live a happy life? Ans : In the midst of despondency and disappointments in human life, beautiful things serve as a remedy, lifting the veil of gloom. They infuse life with joy, hope, and optimism, making it worth living despite tribulations and loss of faith. 2. What does Keats consider an endless fountain of immortal drink and why does he call its drink immortal? Ans : Keats views the joy offered by nature as an everlasting fountain that uplifts human spirits. The beauty of nature is a perpetual source of pleasure and delight, akin to an immortal heavenly drink that brings eternal happiness to the human mind. 3. How is a thing of beauty a joy for ever? Ans : According to John Keats, beauty is intransient. It never fades away, rather increases as time passes by. All the beautiful things have the ability to give everlasting pleasure and so are a joy forever. 4. What philosophy of life is highlighted in the poem? Ans : Keats often celebrates the beauty and transformative power of nature in his works. In "A Thing of Beauty,". He emphasizes that nature is a wondrous creation of God, and its presence has a healing and rejuvenating effect on humans. Nature's influence is described as "embalming" and "refreshing," suggesting that it has the ability to soothe our troubles and invigorate our spirits. According to Keats, nature provides more than just physical pleasure; it offers a heavenly and spiritual joy. Engaging with the natural world can elevate the human experience beyond the mundane and connect us to something larger and more profound. It's through this communion with nature that Keats finds a source of eternal joy and inspiration. By portraying nature as a source of solace and spiritual fulfillment, Keats encourages readers to seek solace and joy in the natural world. For him, nature's beauty and transformative qualities are a testament to the wonder and divinity of the world around us. 5. What makes human beings love life in spite of troubles and sufferings? Or What makes human beings love life in spite of all the troubles they face? Ans : It is beautiful things around us which make human beings love life in spite of troubles and sufferings. This sublimating effect of the bounty of nature keeps the spirit alive and full of love and life and keeps away the gloom caused by sufferings and troubles. 6. According to Keats, what spreads the pall of despondence over our dark spirits? How is it removed? Ans : In the face of hardships, suffering, and disappointments caused by our unhealthy habits, despondency and gloom can take over. However, beautiful things in life provide a reason to persevere. They dispel the gloom, offer hope, and bring eternal joy, making life worthwhile and meaningful. 7. Who are the ‘mighty dead’ that are remembered for centuries? Ans : In "A Thing of Beauty" by Keats, the 'mighty dead' refers to our ancestors and great heroes who accomplished glorious deeds in the past. Despite their physical passing, they remain larger than life due to their heroic actions, making them immortal in history. The poem emphasizes the enduring impact of beauty and greatness, which, like the legacy of these heroic figures, inspires and uplifts the human spirit through time. 8. In what context does Keats mention ‘immortal drink’? What is it? Ans : In the poem "A Thing of Beauty" by Keats, 'immortal drink' symbolizes heavenly nectar that grants eternal life. Keats likens the pleasure derived from a thing of beauty to this divine nectar, which brings everlasting happiness to the soul. The beauty's influence is so powerful that it elevates the human experience and connects it with the eternal. Recommended Extracts for Exam 1. (Lines 1-5) 2. (Lines 6-7) 3. (Lines 8-11) 4. Lines 20-24 Recommended Reading: A Roadside Stand Aunt Jennifer's Tiger

Literature Extract ( ERCs) Questions of Previous Years 2024-2022 👇Lesson Hyperlinks for Quick Access 👇 My Mother At Sixty Six Keeping Quiet A Roadside Stand The Third Level The Rattrap The Enemy On the Face of it The Interview Poets & pancakes A Thing of Beauty We Too Are Human Beings Going Places Indigo Interactive Quiz Q. Read the given extracts to attempt the questions with reference to the context. My Mother At sixty Six (a) but after airport’s security check, standing a few yards away, I looked again at her, Wan, pale as a late winter’s moon and felt that old familiar ache, my childhood’s fear but all I said was, see you soon, Amma, All I did was smile and smile and smile ------ (i) Choose the correct option : In the above extract the narrator feels (a) satisfied (b) fearful (c) nostalgic (d) regretful (ii) Identify the word in the extract that means ‘colourless’. (iii) Complete the following analogy correctly : She sang like a bird : Simile All I did was smile and smile and smile : ______ (iv) Read the following statement and choose the correct option : (1) The poet had gone through the security check. (2) She did not want to look at her mother. (a) (1) is true, but (2) is false. (b) (1) is false, but (2) is true. (c) Both (1) and (2) are true. (d) Both (1) and (2) are false. (v) What childhood fear is the poet referring to ? (vi) Fill the blank with appropriate words with reference to the extract : Pale as a winter’s moon suggests _______. Answer Key (i) b) fearful (ii) Wan/pale (iii) repetition (iv) (a) (1) is true, but (2) is false. (v) Suggested value points (any one) - fear of separation from mother - losing her mother (vi) Loss of - youthfulness / charm/ sheen/ brightness - approaching - dullness/ weakness and old age ( any one) My Mother At Sixty Six Q. Driving from my parent's home to Cochin last Friday morning,  I saw my mother, beside me, doze, open mouthed,  her face ashen like that of a corpse,  and realized with pain that she was as old as she looked but soon put that thought away,  and looked out at Young Trees sprinting,  the merry children spilling out of their homes (i) The poet's mother looks I. exhausted II. healthy III. rejuvenated IV. pale V. relaxed Choose the most appropriate option: (a) Only V (b) I, III and V (c) I, II and IV (d) I and IV (ii) The poet looks out of the car because _______ (iii) Choose the option that displays the same poetic device as 'her face ashen like that of a corpse'. (a) stars winked in the midnight sky (b) a bitter sweet experience (c) as cold as ice (d) grey geese in the green field (iv) The phrase 'she realized with pain' indicates the poet's (a) anxiety of missing the flight. (b) fear of losing her mother. (c) fear of illness. (d) anxiety of taking her mother on the flight. (v) On the basis of the extract, study the two statements, I and II given below :  I. The poet was in a hurry to reach the airport. II. The poet did not want to think about her mother growing old and infirm. Choose the most appropriate option : (a) I is correct, but II is incorrect (b) Both I and II are correct (c) Both I and II are incorrect  (d) II is correct, but I is incorrect (vi) What does the phrase 'sprinting tree'? (a) youthfulness and forgetfulness (b) vitality and youthfulness (c) energy and casualness (d) pallor and exuberance Answer Key (i) d) I and IV (ii) she wants to put that thought away / to put away the thought of her mother’s imminent death / to divert or distract or deviate her mind (iii) (c) as cold as ice (iv) (b) fear of losing her mother. (v) (d) II is correct, but I is incorrect (vi) (b) vitality and youthfulness Question Paper set 1/4/1 I saw my mother, beside me, doze, open mouthed, her face ashen like that of a corpse and realised with pain that she was as old as she looked but soon put that thought away, and looked out at Young Trees sprinting, the merry children spilling out of their homes, (i) Identify the phrase that indicates youthful energy. (ii) Which thought is the poet trying to put away ? (a) missing the flight (b) fear of losing her mother (c) leaving her mother behind (d) reaching Cochin (iii) The Poet's mother is described as 'open mouthed' because ______ (a) she is curious (b) she is surprised (c) she was dead (d) she was dozing (iv) Complete the following analogy : children spilling : metaphor : : ___________ : personification (v) The sight of the trees and the children helped the poet _______ . (vi) In the given extract the phrase 'realised with pain' indicates the poet's (a) anxiety (b) desperation (c) troubled past (d) ill-health Answer Key (i) y oung trees sprinting / merry children spilling (ii) (b) fear of losing her mother (iii) (d) she was dozing (iv) trees sprinting (v) distract or divert herself / cope with the thought of separation or sadness / put that thought away / put the thought of separation away (vi) (a) anxiety Keeping Quiet Now we will count to twelve and we will all keep still. For once on the face of the Earth let's not speak in any language, let's stop for one second, and not move our arms so much. It would be an exotic moment without rush, without engines,  we would all be together  in a sudden strangeness. (Keeping Quiet) (i) Significance of counting up to twelve is (a) it is time to start the race. (b) it is symbolic of life. (c) it is a measure of time. (d) that time does not wait for anyone. (ii) The word __________ in the extract means unusual and exciting. (iii) Excessive activity would create an atmosphere of (a) productivity (b) mechanisation (c) confusion (d) competition.    (iv) The poet would want to create all of the following EXCEPT (a) a peaceful environment. (b) a harmonious world. (c) an atmosphere for introspection. (d) a world full of hustle and bustle. (v) Complete the following analogy correctly: face of the Earth: ________ : : sudden strangeness: alliteration   (vi) On the basis of the extract, study the two statements, I and II given below I. People must keep silent at twelve everyday. II. Introspection will lead to peaceful coexistence. Choose the most appropriate option :  (a) I is false, but II is true (b) Both I and II are false  (c) Both I and II are true (d) I is true, but II is false Answer Key (i) (c) it is a measure of time. (ii) exotic (iii) (b) mechanisation (iv) (d) a world full of hustle and bustle (v) personification (vi) a) I is false, but II is true A Roadside Stand (ii) Sometimes I feel myself I can hardly bear The thought of so much childish longing in vain, The sadness that lurks near the open window there, That waits all day in almost open prayer. For the squeal of brakes, the sound of a stopping car, Of all the thousand selfish cars that pass, Just one to inquire what a farmer’s prices are. (i) What is the sentiment expressed in the above extract ? (i) remorse (ii) regret (iii) empathy (iv) disappointment (v) guilt Choose the correct appropriate option. (a) (iii) and (iv) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (iv) and (v) (d) (i) and (v) (ii) Identify the phrase in the extract that suggests ‘innocent desires’. (iii) The roadside stand owners pray for ______. (a) a relief from the heat (b) free housing (c) cars stopping (d) benefits from pollution (iv) Complete the following analogy correctly : He fought like a lion: Simile :: selfish cars : _____ (v) On the basis of the extract, choose the correct option with reference to (1) and (2) given below : (1) The people who have put up the roadside stand keep waiting for customers. (2) They become sad when someone turns up. (a) (1) is true, but (2) is false. (b) (1) is false, but (2) is true. (c) Both (1) and (2) are true. (d) Both (1) and (2) are false. (vi) Fill the blank appropriately with reference to the extract. ‘Squeal of brakes’ implies ________ Answer Key (i) (a) (iii) and (iv) (ii) ‘childish longing’ (iii) (c) cars stopping (iv) Transferred epithet / personification (v) (a) (1) is true, but (2) is false. (vi) applying of brakes / stopping of cars Set Question No. 1/4/1 (ii) In front at the edge of the road where the traffic sped, A roadside stand too pathetically pled, It would not be fair to say for a dole of bread, But for some of the money, the cash, whose flow supports The flower of cities from sinking and withering faint. The polished traffic passed with a mind ahead, Or if ever aside a moment, then out of sorts At having the landscape marred with the artless paint Of signs that with N turned wrong and S turned wrong (i) What is the tone of the poet in the extract ? Choose the correct option : (a) optimistic (b) resigned (c) sympathetic (d) indifferent (ii) With reference to the given extract, what harm has been caused by the 'artless paint?' (iii) The city is compared to ____________ . (a) a landscape (b) signs of N and S c) a flower (d) a dole of bread (iv) Choose the correct option : The roadside stand is (a) at the edge of the road. (b) marred with artless paint. (c) like the flower of cities. (d) well maintained. (v) What type of expectations do the stand owners have from the city dwellers who come there ? (vi) Complete the analogy with a word from the given extract. donate : contribute : : dying : ___________ Answer Key (i) c) sympathetic (ii) spoilt the view / marred the scenic beauty / damaged the landscape (iii) (c) a flower (iv)  (a) at the edge of the road (v) buy their produce and give some cash in return / stop and promote their business. (vi) withering Question Code 1/5/1 A Thing of Beauty A thing of beauty is a joy forever Its loveliness increases, it will never pass into nothingness: but will keep A bower quiet for us, and a sleep Full of sweet dreams, and health and quiet and breathing. Therefore, on every morrow are we wreathing A flowery band to bind us to the earth; Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth Of noble natures, of the gloomy days, Of all the unhealthy and o’er darkened ways Made for our searching. (i) Keats defines beauty as (a) transient (b) eternal (c) illusionary (d) short lived (ii) ‘will keep a bower quiet for us’ means all of the following EXCEPT (a) create a peaceful, shady place (b) provide a shelter ( (c) will decrease noise pollution (d) nature’s canopy (iii) On the basis of the extract, choose the correct option with reference to the two statements given below : 1. Beautiful things uplift the soul. 2. Beauty is everchanging. (a) 1 can be inferred from the extract but 2 cannot. (b) 2 can be inferred from the extract but 1 cannot. (c) both 1 and 2 can be inferred from the extract. (d) both 1 and 2 cannot be inferred from the extract. (iv) The things that cause unhappiness are (1) lack of noble nature (2) old tunes (3) dull days (4) calm mind (5) a flowery band (6) strong relationships Choose the most appropriate option : (a) (1) and (2) (b) (1) and (3) (c) (4) and (5) (d) (3) and (6) (v) Complete the analogy. Do not repeat from used example : flowery band : metaphor :: : _________ : alliteration (vi) According to the poet ‘every morrow’ we are _______. Answer Key (i) (b) eternal (ii)  (c ) will decrease noise pollution (iii) (a ) 1 can be inferred from the extract but 2 cannot. (iv) (b) (1) and (3) (v) noble natures, band to bind (vi) wreathing a flowery band / getting close to natur e CBSE Sample Paper 2023-24 And such too is the grandeur of the dooms We have imagined for the mighty dead; All lovely tales that we have heard or read: An endless fountain of immortal drink, Pouring unto us from the heaven's brink. (i) Which of the following themes is best represented in the given extract? A. The beauty of nature B. The power of imagination C. The immortality of art and literature D. The inevitability of death (ii) State whether the given statement is TRUE or FALSE, with reference to the extract. By referring to the dead as "mighty", the poet emphasizes their importance and the power they exerted on the people. (iii) Complete the sentence appropriately. The "endless fountain of immortal drink" is an apt analogy for the tales of the mighty dead because ____________________________. (iv) The use of the word "brink" in the extract suggests that the immortality that is being poured onto us is on the verge of overflowing. This creates a powerful image of ___________. (v) Select the option that is NOT true about the lack of punctuation at the end of line 1 in the extract. A. Creates a sense of continuity and flow that connects the line with the second line. B. Encourages the reader to continue reading seamlessly without any pause. C. Creates a sense of anticipation and expectation for the reader. D. Encourages a revisit to the ideas in the preceding lines. Board All India 2024 | Code 1/1/1 A thing of beauty is a joy forever Its loveliness increases, it will never Pass into nothingness; but will keep A bower quiet for us, and a sleep Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing. (A Thing of Beauty) (i) Which of the following themes is best represented in the given extract ? 1 (A) Beauty provides security and peace. (B) Beauty lies in possession of expensive things. (C) Beauty is synonymous with power and riches. (D) Beauty lies in our rich heritage and palaces and temples. (ii) Complete the following sentence appropriately. A thing of beauty never passes into nothingness because it is ___________. (iii) Quiet bower' means a pleasant shady, quiet place under trees or in the woods. This creates a sense of __________. (iv) State whether the given statement is True or False with reference to the extract. The quality of a thing ensures that its beauty lasts forever. (v) Based on the rhyme scheme in lines 3 and 4 of the given extract, which word will rhyme with them ? 1 (A) please (B) sweep (C) help (D) self (vi) The use of the word health in the extract suggests that beautiful things will give us a happier and more wholesome life. It creates a powerful image of _____________. 1 (A) rejuvenation (B) attachment (C) long life (D) eternity Answer Key (i) (A) Beauty provides security and peace. (ii) eternal/ joy forever/ everlasting (iii) peace and harmony / good health / sweet dreams / quiet breathing (iv) True (v) (B) sweep (vi) (A) rejuvenation Board All India 2024 | Code 1/2/1 Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing A flowery band to bind us to the earth, Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth Of noble natures, of the gloomy days, Of all the unhealthy and o’er-darkened ways Made for our searching : (i) Which of the following themes is best represented in the given extract ? (A) The beautiful things in nature (B) Things that cause unhappiness (C) The immortality of human beings (D) The early morning fragrance of flowers (ii) State whether the given statement is True or False, with reference to the extract. The paths we follow are often not worthy of our noble nature. (iii) Complete the following sentence appropriately : We wreathe for ourselves a flowery band every morrow because __________. (iv) The use of the word ‘dearth’ creates a powerful image of __________. (v) Based on the rhyme scheme in lines 4 and 5, which of the following word will rhyme with ‘days’ and ‘ways’ ? (A) craze (B) pays (C) haste (D) waste (vi) The lack of punctuation at the end of line 3 in the extract is to : (A) create a sense of continuity and flow that connects it with the fourth line. (B) encourage the reader to understand grammar. (C) forewarn the reader of gloomy days ahead. (D) keep us connected to this earth. Answer Key (i) (B) Things that cause unhappiness (ii) True (iii) pleasant memories connect us to the earth (iv) lack of nobility / lack of virtues / scarcity of good natured people (v) (B) pays (vi) (A) create a sense of continuity and flow that connects it with the fourth line. Question Code 1/5/1 Aunt Jennifer's Tigers Aunt Jennifer’s tigers prance across a screen, Bright topaz denizens of a world of green, They do not fear the men beneath the tree; They pace in sleek chivalric certainty. Aunt Jennifer’s fingers fluttering through her wool Find even the ivory needle hard to pull. The massive weight of uncle’s wedding band Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer’s hand. (i) Denizens of the world of green refer to ______. (a) huntsmen (b) Aunt Jennifer (c) uncle (d) tigers (ii) Choose the option that displays the same poetic device as used in the second line of the extract. (a) heart of stone (b) trees sprouting (c) silver spoon (d) white murder (iii) The men setting beneath the tree are _______. (iv) What quality of uncle can be inferred through these lines ? (a) compassionate nature (b) courageous (c) confident (d) dominating ( v) The tigers in the extract are symbolic of (a) creativity and courage (b) confidence and gentleness (c) cruelty and fear (d) aggression and starving (vi) Aunt Jennifer’s tigers prance across (1) the screen (2) the fields (3) the embroidered tunic (4) the cage Which of the following is the most appropriate choice ? (a) (1) and (2) (b) (2) and (4) (c) (1), (2) and (3) (d) (1) and (3) Answer Key (i) (d) tigers (ii) (a) heart of stone (iii) the hunters / symbolic of patriarchal society / any other relevant answer (iv) (d) dominating (v) (b) confidence and gentleness (vi) (d) (1) and (3) All India 2024 | Code 1/1/1/ Aunt Jennifer’s tigers prance across a screen, Bright topaz denizens of a world of green. They do not fear the men beneath the tree; They pace in sleek chivalric certainty. (i) Which of the following are symbolized by the ‘tigers’ in the extract above ? I. masculine world II. feminine world III. world of bold, fearless creatures IV. world of beautiful handicrafts (A) I, II and III (B) II, III and IV (C) III and IV (D) I, III and IV (ii) State whether the given statement is True or False. The creator of the tigers was fearless and assertive like the tigers. (iii) Complete the following sentence. The use of the word ‘topaz’ suggest that the image of the tiger on the screen is ________ (iv) ‘Tigers do not fear the men beneath the tree’ because they are (A) tamed (B) in a cage (C) fearless (D) kings of the jungle. (v) Based on the poem’s rhyme scheme evident in lines 1 and 2, which of the following will rhyme? mean, akin, cream (vi) Chivalric certainty refers to which poetic device ? (A) Alliteration (B) Metaphor (C) Simile (D) Repetition Answer Key (i) (D) I, III and IV (ii) False (iii) bright yellow colour / real / perfect creation (iv) (C) fearless (v) mean (vi) (A) Alliteration / (B) Metaphor ( any One ) Aunt Jennifer s fingers fluttering through her wool Find even the ivory needle hard to pull. The massive weight of wedding band Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer's hand. (i) Which of the following themes is best represented in the given extract ? (A) The maturity of adulthood (B) The glory of feminity (C) Victim of male domination (D) The superficial beaut y (ii) State whether the following statement is True or False, with reference to the extract. Aunt Jennifer is nervous and traumatized because of the constraints of her marriage. (iii) Complete the following sentence appropriately : The fingers fluttering through her wool symbolize __________. (iv) The use of the word “massive weight” creates a powerful image of _________ (v) Based on the rhyme scheme in lines 3 and 4, which word would rhyme with ‘band’ and ‘hand’? (A) stand (B) wind (C) bent (D) tent (vi) The heavy wedding ring is a source of : (A) joy. (B) freedom. (C) dignity. (D) burden. Answer Key (i) (C) Victim of male domination (ii) True (iii) her nervousness / anxiety / trauma due to patriarchy / dominance of her husband (iv) suppression / constraints of married life / male domination (v) (A) stand (vi) (D) burden. The Third Level (a) The clerk figured the fare – he glanced at my fancy hat band, but he figured the fare – and I had enough for two coach tickets, one way. But when I counted out the money and looked up, the clerk was staring at me. He nodded at the bills. “That ain’t money, mister,” he said, “and if you’re trying to skin me, you won’t get very far,” and he glanced at the cash drawer, beside him. Of course the money was old-style bills half again as big as the money we use nowadays and different looking. (i) Why did Charley ask for two tickets ? (ii) Complete the sentence by choosing the correct option : When Charley offered money to the booking clerk, the latter stared at Charley because the booking clerk ________ (a) thought it wasn’t money . (b) did not trust Charley. (c) thought Charley was trying to tease him. (d) thought that Charley had given him less money. (iii) Select the option that best describes Charley in this extract. He is (a) a cheat (b) gullible (c) an opportunist (d) an escapist (iv) ‘If you’re trying to skin me’ suggests ________ Answer Key (i) wanted to take his wife (Louisa) with him (ii) (a) thought it wasn’t money (iii) (d) an escapist (iv) to cheat / dupe / fleece / make fool of Question Code : 1/4/1 941 Willard Street Galesburg, Illinois July 18, 1894 Charley I got to wishing that you were right. Then I got to believing you were right. And, Charley, it's true; I found the third level! I've been here two weeks, and right now, down the street at the Daly's, someone is playing a piano, and they're all out on the front porch singing 'Seeing Nelly Home'. And I'm invited over for lemonade. Come on back, Charley and Louisa. Keep looking till you find the third level! It's worth it, believe me! The note is signed Sam. (i) What was the feeling of Sam as conveyed in the letter ? Choose the appropropriate option in the context of the extract. (a) surprise (b) doubt (c) excitement (d) anger (ii) What was Sam Weiner reaction when Charley told him about the third level ? (a) dismissal (b) acceptance (c) wonderstruck (d) puzzled (iii) The phrase' Charlie, it's true' in the context of the extract implies which of the given options. I. Sam is relaxed II. Charley had migrated with Louisa III. The existence of the third level iv. Sam had met Charley's grandfather. Choose the most appropriate option: (a) I and II (b) II and IV (c) I and III (d) IV only (iv) Sam wrote the letter to Charley in order to __________ . Answer Key (i) (c) excitement (ii) (b) acceptance (iii) (c) I and III (iv) motivate him to keep looking for the third level till he found it / confirm the existence of the third level / invite him to Galesburg Question Code 1/5/1 To make sure, I walked over the newsboy and glanced at the stack of papers at his feet. It was The World and The World hasn’t been published for years. The lead story said something about President Cleveland. I’ve found that front page since, in the Public library files, and it was printed June 11, 1894. I turned toward the ticket windows knowing that here – on the third level at Grand Central – I could buy tickets that would take Louisa and me anywhere in the United States we wanted to go. In the year 1894. And I wanted two tickets to Galesburg, Illinois. (i) The newspaper that covered the lead story about President Cleveland was (a) The Pioneer (b) The New York Times (c) The World (d) The Times (ii) The narrator wanted to buy tickets to _______. (iii) Which of the following in the extract most nearly means the opposite of ‘stare’ ? (a) glance (b) peek (c) ignore (d) examine (iv) Charley wanted two tickets because he wanted to go with (a) Sam (b) Cleveland (c) Louisa (d) the Psychiatrist Answer Key (i) (c) The World (ii) Galesburg (iii) (a) glance (iv) (c) Louisa All India Board | Code 1/1/1 Anyway, here’s what happened at Grand Central. One night last summer I worked late at the office. I was in a hurry to get uptown to my apartment so I decided to take the subway from Grand Central because it’s faster that the bus. Now I don’t know why this should have happened to me. I’m just an ordinary guy named Charley, thirty-one years old, and I was wearing a tan gabardine suit and a straw hat with a fancy band; I passed a dozen men who looked just like me. (The Third Level) (i) List any two details about how Charley was dressed up. (ii) Charley decided to use the subway because it was _______ (iii) Complete the following sentence appropriately. Landing at the third level was due to Charley’s flight of _________. (iv) Which time frame is represented through the kind of outfit mentioned in the extract ? (A) pre world war era (B) the present times (C) the eighteenth century (D) in the future Answer Key (i)   tan gabardine suit a straw hat with a fancy band (ii) (A) quicker. (iii) imagination / fantasy / stairs (iv) (B) the present times Lost Spring (a) And in dark hutments, next to lines of flames of flickering oil lamps, sit boys and girls with their fathers and mothers, welding pieces of coloured glass into circles of bangles. Their eyes are more adjusted to the dark than to the light outside. That is why they often end up losing their eyesight before they become adults. (i) Complete the sentence with reference to the extract : Their eyes are more adjusted to the dark than to the light outside because ______. (ii) Which of the following would NOT be true ? (a) The hutments were shining and inviting. (b) The children’s lives were as bleak as their surrounding. (c) There were no electricity connections. (d) The boys and girls had got used to the dark. (iii) The bangle workers lose their eyesight before they became adults because ____ (a) they already have poor eyesight. (b) they work in dim light. (c) they are married in childhood. (d) they are malnourished. (iv) Which of the following most nearly means ‘adjusted’ in the context of the extract ? (a) conditioned (b) favoured (c) accepted (d) reconciled (v) ‘Flickering oil lamps’ suggests ________. (vi) What is the antonym from the extract of the word ‘rarely’ ? Answer Key (i) Suggested value points ( any one) most of the time is spent in dark hutments - of the flickering oil lamps - of dim light (ii) (a) The hutments were shining and inviting. (iii) (b) they work in dim light. (iv) (a) conditioned (v) dim / blinking / fluctuating / varying (any one) (vi) often Question Code 1/5/1 Extract No. 2 “I sometimes find a rupee, even a ten rupee note”, Saheb says, his eyes lighting up when you can find a silver coin in a heap of garbage, you don’t stop scrounging, for there is hope of finding more. It seems that for children, garbage has a meaning different from what it means to their parents. For the children it is wrapped in wonder, for the elders it is a means of survival. One winter morning I see Saheb standing by the fenced gate of the neighbourhood club, watching two young men dressed in white, playing tennis. “I like the game”, he hums, content to watch it standing behind the fence. “I go inside when no one is around” he admits. “The gate keeper lets me use the swing.” (i) Saheb found a rupee (a) on the street (b) in the garbage dump (c) in Firozabad (d) on the tennis court (ii) Which emotion of Saheb is revealed in the phrase ‘his eyes lighting up’ ? (a) anxiety (b) envy (c) happiness (d) greed (iii) For the elders garbage is _______ and for children it is _______. (iv) On the basis of the extract, choose the correct option with reference to I and II given below : I. Saheb watches the game from outside. II. Saheb had lost the previous match. (a) I is true but II is not (b) II is true but I is not (c) Both I and II are true (d) Both I and II are untrue (v) ‘Scrounging’ in the passage most nearly means. (a) digging (b) searching (c) flinging (d) burying (vi) ‘There is hope for finding more’. Explain with reference to the above extract. Answer Key (i) (b) in the garbage dump (ii) (c) happiness (iii) survival, wrapped in wonder. (iv) ( a) I is true but II is not (v) (b) searching (vi) more money / more silver coins / something precious / something valuable (any one) All India CBSE Board 2024 | Set 1/1/1 They have lived here for more than thirty years without an identity, without permits but with ration cards that get their names on voters’ lists and enable them to buy grain. Food is more important for survival than identity. “If at the end of the day we can feed our families and go to bed without an aching stomach, we would rather live here than in the fields that gave us no grain”, say a group of women in tattered saris when I asked them why they left their beautiful land of green fields and rivers. Wherever they find food, they pitch their tents. (Lost Spring) (i) The ragpickers have been living there for ____________ decades. (A) three (B) four (C) two (D) five (ii) Why do these people have ration cards ? (iii) What do you infer about their lifestyle from the phrase ‘ pitch their tents’? (iv) In spite of the hardships, they are not willing to go back to their homeland because __________. (v) The women had a/an __________ approach towards life. A) idealistic (B) passive (C) indifferent (D) practical (vi) What does the term ‘go to bed without an aching stomach’ indicate? Answer Key (i) (A) three (ii)  get their names on voters’ lists / enable them to buy grain. (iii) wherever they find food / refugees from Dhaka / poverty stricken / nomads (any other relevant point) (iv) food is more important for survival than identity / no food there (v) (D) practical (vi) not to go hungry / have food and go to sleep All India 2024 | 1/2/1 “Children grow up in them, becoming partners in survival. And survival in Seemapuri means rag-picking. Through the years, it has acquired the proportions of a fine art. Garbage to them is gold. It is their daily bread, a roof over their heads, even if it is a leaking roof. But for a child it is even more.” (i) Complete the sentence appropriately. Children become partners in survival suggests that ________. (ii) Rag-picking has acquired the proportion of a fine art means : (A) artistic bend of mind is required. (B) it has proportionately displaced art. (C) it has become a highly skilful activity. (D) it has discovered pieces of art. (iii) State whether the given statement is True or False with reference to the extract. The children and their parents have left Dhaka to live in Seemapuri. (iv) Why does the author say ‘survival in Seemapuri means rag-picking’? (v) What does the phrase “for a child it is even more” reveal about the children’s dreams? (vi) Which of the following headlines suggests the central idea of the extract ? (A) Seemapuri, A Pot of Gold (B) Rag-picking - Different Perspectives (C) Art in Delhi and in Seemapuri (D) Saheb-e-Alam in Seemapuri Answer Key (i) they help their parents in earning a livelihood / money (ii) (C) it has become a highly skilful activity. (iii) True (iv) essential means of living / it is their daily bread / only option to live / roof over their heads / means of survival (v) aspiring to get something precious / full of mystery (vi)  (B) Rag-picking - Different Perspectives The Rattrap (b) “I am thinking of this stranger here,” said Edla “He walks and walks the whole year long, and there is probably not a single place in the whole country where he is welcome and can feel at home. Wherever he turns he is chased away. Always he is afraid of being arrested and cross-examined. I should like to have him enjoy a day of peace with us here-just one in the whole year.” (i) Complete the following sentence with the most appropriate option : Edla wished the Pedlar to have a peaceful day because ______ (a) the Pedlar had worked for Edla. (b) the Pedlar had not been released from jail. (c) the Pedlar had been staying at the forge. (d) the Pedlar had always been looked with suspicion. ( ii) Select the suitable word from the extract to complete analogy. single : multiple :: abroad : _________ (iii) In the above extract, Edla comes across as (a) conscientious (b) pretentions (c) compassionate (d) selfless (iv) Based on the above extract, choose the statement which is true. (a) relationships are rattraps. (b) money is important in the world. (c) criminal is not born but made. (d) christmas is a time of charity (v) In the context of the given extract, which day is referred to in the expression ‘just one in the whole year’ ? (vi) What does the expression ‘he is cross examined’ suggest ? Answer Key (i) (d) the peddler had always been looked with suspicion. (ii) home (iii) (c) compassionate (iv) (d) Christmas is a time of charity (v) Christmas (vi) questioned / interrogated / (any other suitable answer) Question Code: 1/3/1 ( 2023) The Enemy "You are to come to the palace," the man said. "The old General is in pain again." "Oh," Hana breathed, "Is that all?" "All?" the messenger exclaimed. "Is it not enough?" "Indeed it is," she replied, "I am very sorry." When Sadao came to say goodbye, she was in the kitchen, but doing nothing. The children were asleep and she sat merely resting for a moment, more exhausted from her fright than from work. (i) Seeing the messenger, Hana was apprehensive of ________ (ii) The summons for Dr. Sadao were because (a) the servants had reported. (b) there was a medical emergency. (c) the General wanted to express his admiration. (d) the prisoner of war had escaped. (iii) Which of the following summarizes Hana's reason for resting momentarily? (a) Her physical exhaustion (b) Her fear (c) Her infirmity (d) Her sadness (iv) Complete the analogy correctly with a word from the extract. asleep awake :: rejuvenated: ________ Answer Key (i) Dr. Sadao’s arrest / the authorities coming to know about the presence of POW in their house / of the servants having informed about the presence of the POW (ii) (b) there was a medical emergency. (iii) (b) her fear (iv) exhausted All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1 “If I am able, are you? Sadao asked. “No”, Hana said, “But if you can do it alone…” Sadao hesitated again, “The strange thing is,” he said, “that if the man were whole I could turn him over to the police without difficulty. I care nothing for him. He is my enemy. All Americans are my enemy. And he is only a common fellow. You see how foolish his face is. But since he is wounded…” (The Enemy) (i) Complete the sentence appropriately. The dilemma faced by the couple was _________. (ii) What does Hana ask Dr. Sadao to do alone ? (A) Treat the wounded soldier (B) Give him shelter in the outhouse (C) Throw him back into the sea (D) Hand him over to the authorities (iii) Explain the expression : “if the man were whole”. (iv) Dr. Sadao says, “All Americans are my enemy.” What character trait of Dr. Sadao does it reflect? Answer Key (i) whether to save the wounded prisoner / enemy or not (ii) (A) Treat the wounded soldier (iii) not wounded / not injured / strong enough to fight (iv) patriotism / true Japanese / love for his country / loyalty towards the country On the Face of It Mr. Lamb: Look, boy, look... what do you see? Derry: Just... grass and stuff. Weeds Mr. Lamb: Some call them weeds. If you like, then a weed garden, that. There's fruit and there are flowers, and trees and herbs. All sorts. But over there weeds. I grow weeds there. Why is one green, growing plant called a weed and another 'flower'? Where's the difference? It's all life... growing. Same as you and me. Derry: We're not the same. (i) In the above extract, what best summarizes Mr. Lamb's attitude towards growing weeds? (a) a celebration of life (b) an acceptance of his poverty (c) a manifestation of his loneliness (d) an example of his gardening skills (ii) Which of the following best describes Derry's tone when he says "We're not the same"? (a) bitter (b) confused (c) defiant (d) snobbish (iii) Mr. Lamb brings out the contrast between flowers and weeds in order to (a) explain weeds are important in a garden. (b) demonstrate that weeds have medicinal values. (c) emphasize the specific purpose of each. (d) illustrate that there should be no distinction. ( iv) What word from the above extract most nearly means the opposite of 'difference'? Answer Key (i) a) a celebration of life (ii)  (a) bitter (iii) (d) illustrate that there should be no distinction (iv) same Question Code: 1/2/1 Mr. Lamb : Well that needn’t stop you, you needn’t mind. Derry : It’d stop them. They’d mind me. When they saw me here. They look at my face and run. Mr. Lamb : They might. They might not. You’d have to take the risk. So would they. Derry : No, you would, you might have me and lose all your other friends, because nobody wants to stay near me if they can help it.  Mr. Lamb : I’ve not moved. Derry : No ……. Mr. Lamb : When I go down the street, the kids shout ‘Lamey Lamb’. But they still come into the Garden, into my house; it’s a game. They’re not afraid of me. Why should they be ? Because I’m not afraid of them, that’s why not.’ (i) The kids tease Mr. Lamb but still come into his garden. Why ? (ii) Choose the best option that describes Mr. Lamb. (a) headstrong (b) pessimist (c) negligent (d) positive (iii) Choose the correct option with reference to the extract : What makes Derry tell Mr. Lamb that if he comes, others would stop coming ? (a) Mr. Lamb would not let others come. (b) They would be repulsed by Derry. (c) Mr. Lamb will have to choose between him and others. (d) Derry would flare up. (iv) What does Mr. Lamb mean by ‘They might, they might not’ ? Answer Key (i) Suggested value points ( any one) they are not afraid of him -  it is a game -  to steal the crab apples - to play in the garden (ii) (d) positive (iii) (b) They would be repulsed by Derry. (iv) Suggested Value points Mr. Lamb is not sure of kids’ reaction to Derry’s presence in the garden - Kids may or may not run away. Question Code 1/4/1 Derry: What do you do all day? Mr. Lamb: Sit in the sun. Read books, Ah, you thought it was an empty house, but inside, it's full. Books and other things. Full. Derry: But there aren't any curtains at the windows. Mr. Lamb: I'm not fond of curtains, shutting things out, shutting things in. I like the light and the darkness, and the windows open, to hear the wind. (i) The description of the house indicates that Mr. Lamb __________ (ii) The expression does not like shutting things out, shutting things in suggests Mr. Lamb's (a) welcoming nature. (b) poverty-stricken existence. (c) lack of resources. (d) confused state of mind. (iii) Mr. Lamb spends his time ___________ . I. reading books II. cooking meals II. shutting things out IV. enjoying beauties of nature Which of the following options are appropriate ? (a) I and IV (b) II, III and IV (c) I and II (d) I and III (iv) On the basis of the extract, study the two statements, I and II given below : I. Mr. Lamb liked meeting people. II. Mr. Lamb accepted life as it came. Choose the most appropriate option : (a) I can be inferred from the extract, but II cannot. (b) II can be inferred from the extract, but I cannot. (c) Both I and II can be inferred from the extract. (d) Neither I nor II can be inferred from the extract. Answer Key (i) is fond of reading / is welcoming / doesn’t like to shut things / is open minded / is large hearted / is positive / enjoys nature / is alone / accepts life as it comes (ii) (a) welcoming nature (ii) (a) I and IV (iv) (c) Both I and II can be inferred from the extract. All India Board 2024 | Code 1/1/1 Derry : I … there …. I thought this was an empty place. I didn’t know there was anybody here…. Mr. Lamb : That’s all right. I’m here. What are you afraid of, boy? That’s all right. Derry : I thought it was empty …. An empty house Mr. Lamb : So it is. Since I’m out here in the garden. It is empty. Until I go back inside. In the meantime, I’m out here and likely to stop. Not a day to be indoors. Derry : [Panic] I,ve got to go. (i) Derry was stammering because of : (A) a speech defect. (B) excitement. (C) anger. (D) fear. (ii) Complete the sentence appropriately. Derry insisted on going back because __________. (iii) Mr. Lamb was trying to tell Derry that : (A) it was a matter of perception. (B) Derry could stay with him. (C) he spent all his days in the garden. (D) he was fond of company. (iv) From the extract, one can infer that Mr. Lamb was a/an : (A) compassionate man. (B) mysterious character. (C) new neighbour. (D) unreasonable man. Answer Key (i) (D) fear. (ii) was taken by surprise when he saw Mr. Lamb / panicked after seeing Mr. Lamb / thought it was an empty house ( any one ) (iii) (A) it was a matter of perception. (iv) (A) compassionate man. All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1 Derry : I’d not come to steal anything. Mr. Lamb : No, no. The young lads steal …. scrump the apples. You’re not so young. Derry : I just…. wanted to come in. Into the garden. Mr. Lamb : So you did. Here we are, then. Derry : You don’t know who I am. Mr. Lamb : A boy. Thirteen or so. Derry : Fourteen. [Pause] But I have got to go now. Good-bye. Mr. Lamb : Nothing to be afraid of. Just a garden. Just me. Derry : But I’m not.... I’m not afraid. [Pause] People are afraid of me. (On the Face Of It) (i) Why does Mr. Lamb feel that Derry has not come to steal ? (ii) Cite instances from the extract which show that Mr. Lamb is trying to put Derry at ease. (iii) Choose the correct statement : (A) Derry entered the garden as he was fascinated by the bees. (B) Derry came to meet Mr. Lamb. C) They were well acquainted with each other. (D) Derry entered as he wanted to see the garden. (iv) People are afraid of Derry because _________. Answer Key (i) he felt only young lads steal / he was not so young (ii) Nothing to be afraid of. Just a garden. Just me. / So you did. Here we are, then. (iii) (D) Derry entered as he wanted to see the garden. (iv) his face is burnt The Interview (A) Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow : (6x1=6 ) Rudyard Kipling expressed an even more condemnatory attitude towards the interviewer. His wife, Caroline, writes in her diary for 14 October, 1892 that their day was 'wrecked by two reporters from Boston'. She reports her husband as saying to the reporters, "Why do I refuse to be interviewed ? Because it is immoral! It is a crime, just as much of a crime as an offence against my person, as an assault, and just as much merits punishment. It is cowardly and vile. No respectable man would ask it, much less give it." Yet Kipling had himself perpetrated such an 'assault' on Mark Twain only a few years before. H.G. Wells in an interview in 1894 referred to the 'interviewing ordeal', but was a fairly frequent interviewee and forty years later found himself interviewing Joseph Stalin. (i) Kipling viewed interviews with (a) compassion. (b) condemnation. (c) reconciliation. (d) gratitude. (ii) Kipling assaulted with an interview. (a) H.G. Wells (b) Joseph Stalin (c) T.S. Eliot (d) Mark Twain (iii) Complete the analogy with a word from the extract: attack: assault:: committed: _______ (iv) The word 'wrecked' in the extract most nearly means (a) ravaged. (b) annihilated. (c) killed. (d) ruined. (v) Rudyard Kipling uses the phrase 'it is a crime' because he feels it is (a) illegal. (b) an offence against his person. (c) an act of espionage. (d) a waste of time. (vi) Kipling violated his own observation on interviewing by ______ Answer Key (i) (b) condemnation (ii) d) Mark Twain (iii)  perpetrated (iv)  (d) ruined (v) b) an offence against his person (vi) committing the same assault on Mark Twain / taking an interview of Mark Twain CBSE Practice Questions | Set I Extract 2 So it is hardly surprising that opinions of the interview --- of its functions, methods and merits --- vary considerably. Some might make quite extravagant claims for it as being, in its highest form, a source of truth, and, in its practice, an art. Others, usually celebrities who see themselves as its victims, might despise the interview as an unwarranted intrusion into their lives, or feel that it somehow diminishes them, just as in some primitive cultures it is believed that if one takes a photographic portrait of somebody then one is stealing that person's soul. V. S. Naipaul feels that, 'Some people are wounded by interviews and lose a part of themselves.' Lewis Carroll, the creator of Alice in Wonderland, was said to have had 'a just horror of the interviewer' and he never consented to be interviewed. (The Interview: Part I) ( i) Identify any one contrast in the extract and explain it in one sentence in your own words. (ii) Based on V. S. Naipaul's quote, we can say that interviews __________. A. are forced upon people B. are physically violent in nature C. can build hostility and hatred D. can be a traumatic experience (iii) What is common between how celebrities feel about interviews and how primitive cultures viewed photographic portraits? (iv) Which of these uses 'just' in the same way as the following expression in the extract? ' 'a just horror of the interviewer' A. The just decision in the case against the criminal will empower us. B. I just need to buy one pencil so we can go shopping tomorrow. C. We will get back to you on this query in just a moment. D. The little girl looks just like her mother. (v) What makes an interview 'a source of truth'? State any one feature? (vi) Complete the given sentence appropriately. The author of the extract has a/an __________ tone while describing the interview. Answer Key (i) ♦ The positive and negative opinions about the interview are being contrasted. ♦ The views of people who read interviews and those who get interviewed are being contrasted. Accept any relevant response. (ii) D. can be a traumatic experience [The quote focuses on the negative experience of an interview, which is that it can wound people to the point of them losing a part of themselves. This option correctly paraphrases this as a conclusion. (iii) Any One ♦ Both find it intrusive. ♦ Both think it somehow diminishes who they are. ♦ Both are not in favour of these ways of capturing someone's essence. (iv) A. The just decision in the case against the criminal will empower us. (v) Any One ♦ A feature of an interview is that we get information about the person from the person themself. ♦ An interview is usually done on-the-spot, which does not give us practiced responses. ♦ The interviewer asks the interviewee specific questions which the interviewee may not have disclosed otherwise. (vi) Any one ♦ neutral/balanced ♦ factual/objective ♦ matter-of-fact/unemotional CBSE Practice Set 2 Saul Bellow, who has consented to be interviewed on several occasions, nevertheless once described interviews as being like thumbprints on his windpipe. Yet despite the drawbacks of the interview, it is a supremely serviceable medium of communication. “These days, more than at any other time, our most vivid impressions of our contemporaries are through interviews,” Denis Brian has written. “Almost everything of moment reaches us through one man asking questions of another. Because of this, the interviewer holds a position of unprecedented power and influence.” (The Interview I) Completely the following appropriately. (i) Saul Bellow's comparison of interviews to "thumbprints on his windpipe”, implies . (ii) What is complex and multifaceted about the dual nature of the interview process? (iii) Select the option that DOES NOT correspond with the view that an interview is “a supremely serviceable medium of communication”. A. highly effective B. a tool for training C. versatile D. impactful (iv) How do interviews play a vital role in helping shape public perceptions? (v) Complete the following appropriately. The phrase 'everything of moment’ refers to . (vi) List ONE possible reason for the ‘unprecedented' power of interviewer. Answer Key (i) discomfort / sense of intrusion (ii)  interviews remain a crucial and indispensable means of communication, allowing for the transmission of meaningful information and insights. (iii) B. a tool for training (iv)  By offering a direct and unfiltered connection between the interviewee and the audience (v) (Any one) events, ideas, or information that hold significance or importance. crucial and noteworthy aspects of life, society, or culture substantial and impactful content (vi) Suggested Value Points ( any One ) Role as facilitators - Interviewers guide conversations, extracting valuable insights and information from interviewees. Knowledge brokers - Interviewers bridge gaps in understanding, acting as conduits for knowledge transfer between experts and the audience. Narrative shapers - Through questions and dialogue, interviewers shape the narrative, influencing how information is presented and perceived Audience representatives - Interviewers represent the audience, asking questions that resonate with public inquisitiveness and concerns Cultural Interpreters - They interpret and contextualise information, making it accessible and relatable to a broader audience. Gatekeepers of information - Interviewers control the flow of information, deciding which aspects to highlight, amplifying their role in shaping perceptions. For More Extract Questions from The Interview, Click the following link. https://www.englishwithadifference.com/post/theinterview Poets & Pancakes Then the poet spoke. He couldn't have addressed a more dazed and silent audience- no one knew what he was talking about and his accent defeated any attempt to understand what he was saying. The whole thing lasted about an hour; then the poet left and we all dispersed in utter bafflement - what are we doing? What is an English poet doing in a film studio which makes Tamil films for the simplest sort of people? People whose lives least afforded them the possibility of cultivating a taste for English poetry? The poet looked pretty baffled too, for he too must have felt the sheer incongruity of his talk about the thrills and travails of an English poet. His visit remained an unexplained mystery. (i) Choose the appropriate option with reference to the extract. 'The audience were dazed' because (a) they were not accustomed to listening to poetry. (b) they had never before seen an Englishman. (c) they failed to comprehend what the poet was speaking. (d) they were already bored. (ii) Complete the sentence with reference to the extract: The English poet was_______ when he was addressing the dazed audience. (iii)Where did the talk take place? (a) The Main Mall (b) Story Writing Department (c) Film studio (d) Subbu’s office (iv) The English poet's visit is an 'unexplained mystery' because _________. (v) Complete the analogy with a word from the extract :  noisy : silent : : assembled : _______ (vi) Explain the following phrase with reference to the extract : The poet felt 'the sheer incongruity of his talk'. Answer Key (i) (c) they failed to comprehend what the poet was speaking (ii) Ans: . baffled/confused/was feeling the sheer incongruity of his talk (iii) (c) Film studio (iv) they could not understand what an English poet was doing in a film studio making Tamil films / could not understand the purpose of his visit (v) dispersed (vi) the audience did not understand the language the poet was speaking / were feeling out of place / the poet’s inability to connect with the audience. For More Extract Questions from Poets and Pancakes, Click the following link https://www.englishwithadifference.com/post/poet-pancakes Question Code 1/5/1 We Too are Human Beings When I was studying in the third class, I hadn’t yet heard people speak openly of untouchability. But I had already seen, felt, experienced and been humiliated by what it is. I was walking home from school one day, an old bag hanging from my shoulder. It was actually possible to walk the distance in ten minutes. But usually it would take me from half an hour to an hour to dawdle along watching all the fun and games that were going on, all the entertaining novelties and oddities in the streets, the shops and the bazaar. (i) The narrator was humiliated because _____. (ii) The narrator ‘dawdled along’ as she _____. (a) enjoyed looking at the various sights (b) was getting late for school (c) she didn’t like going home (d) she enjoyed haggling and shopping (iii) On the basis of the extract, choose the correct option with reference to the two statements given below : (I) The distance from school to home was very short. (II) She was feeling upset and so dawdling her way home. (a) (I) can be inferred from the extract but (II) cannot (b) (II) can be inferred from the extract but (I) cannot (c) Both (I) and (II) cannot be inferred from the extract (d) Both (I) and (II) can be inferred from the extract (iv) The word ‘novelties’ in the passage most nearly means (a) colourful trinkets (b) wooden toys (c) unique and interesting items (d) expensive souvenirs Answer Key (i) she was born in a community that was treated as untouchable / victim of caste discrimination (any other relevant point) (ii) (a) enjoyed looking at the various sights (iii) (a) (I) can be inferred from the extract but (II) cannot (iv) (c ) unique and interesting items CBSE Additional Practice Questions (Set I ) The man ceased his mutterings, and then a third bell was tapped. Every one picked up his knife and fork and began eating. I began crying instead, for by this time I was afraid to venture anything more. But this eating by formula was not the hardest trial in that first day. Late in the morning, my friend Judewin gave me a terrible warning. Judewin knew a few words of English; and she had overheard the paleface woman talk about cutting our long, heavy hair. Our mothers had taught us that only unskilled warriors who were captured had their hair shingled by the enemy. Among our people, short hair was worn by mourners, and shingled hair by cowards! (Memories of Childhood: The Cutting of my Long Hair) (i) Which of these can be inferred from the extract? A. The speaker did not understand or speak English. B. The speaker did not think highly of her own culture. C. The speaker did not have any living family members. D. The speaker did not know what a knife or fork were used for. (ii) How was the speaker feeling by the time the third bell rang? Why did she feel this way? (iii) Complete the given sentence appropriately. The speaker compares her experience of eating to that of a trial because __________. (iv) Based on the extract, what would it mean to the speaker if her long hair was cut? Answer Key (i) A. The speaker did not understand or speak English. (ii) Suggested Points ( Any one) ♦ The speaker started crying because she felt confused and out-of place. ♦ She couldn't understand the rituals and was probably feeling embarrassed. ♦ She was too scared to act because she was not able to do anything correctly. (iii) Suggested Value Points ( Any One ) ♦ she was being watched and judged throughout ♦ it felt like a test of her survival ♦ it was as gruelling as a trial in court might have been (iv) Suggested Value Points ( Any One )  ♦ It would mean a loss of her culture/cultural identity ♦ It would bring her shame ♦ It would cut her roots to her culture and tradition s Set Question No. 1/5/1 Going Places “Or an actress. Now there’s real money in that. Yes, and I could may be have the boutique on the side. Actresses don’t work full time, do they ? Anyway, that or a fashion designer. You know –something a bit sophisticated”. And she turned in through the open street door leaving Jansie standing in the rain. “If I ever come into money I’ll buy a boutique”. “Huh, if you ever come into money … if you ever come into money you’ll buy us a blessed decent house to live in, thank you very much.” Sophie’s father was scooping shepherd’s pie into his mouth as hard as he could go, his plump face still grimy and sweat – marked from the day. “She thinks money grows on trees, don’t she Dad ? Said little Derek, hanging on the back of his father’s chair. Their mother sighed. (i) Sophie wants to become an actress to (a) become famous (b) to earn money (c) to support her father (d) to compete with Jansie (ii) Jansie wanted Sophie to spend her money on (a) her marriage (b) her career (c) to open a boutique (d) buying a house ( iii) Sophie is daydreaming about _______. (iv) The phrase ‘money grows on trees’ indicates that Sophie _____. (v) Sophie’s mother’s sigh is one of (a) regret (b) delight (c) relief (d) helplessness (vi) From the extract Jansie comes across as a _____ person. (a) practical (b) dominating (c) immature (d) starstruck Answer Key (i) b) to earn money (ii) Note: If the child has attempted the question, marks should be awarded (iii) Suggested value points: ( Any one) becoming an actress opening a boutique becoming a manager in boutique becoming a fashion designer (iv) Suggested value points: (Any One) is daydreaming fantasizing is impractica does not know the value of money (v) (d) helplessness (vi) (a) practical Indigo All India 2024 | Set 1/1/1 Their spontaneous demonstration, in thousands, around the courthouse was the beginning of their liberation from fear of the British. The official felt powerless without Gandhi’s cooperation. He helped them regulate the crowd. He was polite and friendly. He was giving them concrete proof that their might, hitherto dreaded and unquestioned, could be challenged by Indians. The government was baffled. The prosecutor requested the judge to postpone the trial. Apparently, the authorities wished to consult their superiors. (Indigo) (i) The result of the demonstration was that _________. (ii) The participants of the spontaneous demonstration were : (A) Gandhi’s lawyers. (B) people of Champaran. (C) Indigo landowners. (D) Indian soldiers. (iii) Gandhi cooperated with the British by : (A) not going to the court. (B) remaining quiet when he was accused. (C) helping to manage the mob of people. (D) leaving Champaran for Delhi. (iv) The statement ‘Apparently, the authorities wished to consult their superiors’ was indicative of the Britisher’s____________ (v) With reference to the extract, the word ‘baffled’ most nearly means : (A) strengthened. (B) disgusted. (C) frightened. (D) confused. (vi) Whose ‘might’ did this demonstration question? Answer Key (i) government was baffled / official felt powerless / concrete proof of Indian might (ii) (B) people of Champaran. (iii) (C) helping to manage the mob of people. (iv) bafflement / might, hitherto dreaded and unquestioned could be challenged by Indians / official felt powerless without Gandhi’s cooperation (v) (D) confused. (vi) might of the British / governmen t / officials All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1 This settlement was adopted unanimously by the commission. Gandhi explained that the amount of the refund was less important than the fact that the landlords had been obliged to surrender part of the money and, with it, part of their prestige. Therefore, as far as the peasants were concerned, the planters had behaved as lords above the law. Now the peasant saw that he had rights and defenders. He learned courage. (i) What was Gandhi’s purpose in agreeing to the settlement, even at a lesser amount? (ii) Complete the sentence with one word : The commission agreed by common consent, or in other words, they agreed to the settlement ___________. (iii) Explain the impact on the landlords as a result of the settlement. (iv) Based on the content provided in the extract, select the most likely option about the behaviour of the landlords. (A) The landlords were sorry for their behaviour. (B)The landlords were obstinate and refused Gandhi’s suggestion. (C) The landlords had to refund the money. (D) The landlords and the planters became partners in the Indigo plantation. (v) What did the peasants realize from the Champaran incident ? (vi) Complete the sentence appropriately. The phrase ‘lords above the law’ suggests that ___________. Answer Key (i) money not important, surrendering part of their prestige was more important (ii) unanimously (iii) loss of money / loss of prestige / realized they were not above the law (iv) (C) The landlords had to refund the money. (v) they too had rights and defenders / they learnt courage (vi) they were not under any law / not bound by laws https://www.englishwithadifference.com/post/chapter-wise-board-pyqs-english Questions are being Updated. Keep visiting the site.

This heart-warming poem celebrates compassion. When others ignore a frail woman, one boy guides her safely across the road, reminding us that every act of kindness enriches life and humanity. Somebody's Grandmother Crossing the Road Summary: The poem Somebody’s Mother  is a touching story about compassion and empathy. On a cold winter evening, an old, frail woman stood at the roadside, hesitant to cross the busy street filled with rushing children and careless passersby. She looked poor, weak, and scared, knowing she might stumble or fall if she attempted to cross alone. Nobody came forward to help her, as people were concerned only with themselves. At that moment, a young schoolboy noticed her plight. Unlike others, he did not ignore her. He gently took her hand and carefully guided her across the slippery road. After ensuring her safety, he left quickly to rejoin his friends. The woman, deeply moved, prayed for God’s blessings upon the boy, asking that someone equally kind might one day help his own mother in her time of need. The poem concludes with the idea that kindness, no matter how small, creates ripples of goodness in the world. By helping “somebody’s mother,” the boy revealed his sensitivity, empathy, and respect for elders. The poem emphasizes how selfless acts of kindness not only bring comfort to those in need but also return as blessings and goodwill to the doer. Theme : The central theme of Somebody’s Mother  is compassion and empathy . The poet highlights the value of selfless kindness through the boy’s simple yet profound act of helping an old woman. The poem shows how respecting and caring for others, especially the weak and helpless, reflects true humanity. It also suggests that kindness circles back as blessings — by helping “somebody’s mother,” the boy ensured prayers for his own mother’s well-being. Thus, the poem teaches that every small deed of goodness strengthens the bond of human love and creates a more caring world. Word-Meanings Word Meaning (Easy English) Sentence (Usage) Ragged Torn, old, and in bad condition The beggar wore a ragged  coat that kept him warm. Grey Having white or silver colour due to age Her hair had turned grey  with years of wisdom. Bent Curved or stooped due to weakness The old man was bent  with age as he walked slowly. Chill Coldness, especially uncomfortable The chill  of winter made everyone wear warm clothes. Aged Very old The aged  woman found it hard to walk quickly. Slow Not fast; taking more time He was very slow  in completing his homework. Throng A large crowd of people A throng  of fans gathered to see the actor. Timid Shy, nervous, or afraid The timid  child hid behind her mother. Trembling Shaking because of fear, weakness, or cold His hands were trembling  before giving the speech. Proud Feeling pleasure or satisfaction She was proud  of her daughter’s achievement. Firm Strong and steady He gave me a firm  handshake of confidence. Strong Having physical power or ability The bridge was strong  enough to carry heavy vehicles. Content Satisfied and happy The monk lived a simple life, feeling content  with little. Noble Having high moral qualities Helping the poor is a noble  act of kindness. Prayer Words spoken to God to ask for help/bless The child whispered a prayer  for his sick mother. Interactive Word-Matching Exercises Hindi Translation of the Poem Original Lines (English) Easy Hindi Translation The woman was old and ragged and gray, वह औरत बूढ़ी, फटे-पुराने कपड़ों में और सफ़ेद बालों वाली थी। And bent with the chill of the winter’s day; और ठंडी सर्दियों के दिन में ठिठुर कर झुकी हुई थी। The street was wet with a recent snow, सड़क पर हाल ही में गिरी बर्फ़ से नमी थी। And the woman’s feet were aged and slow. और उस औरत के पैर बूढ़े होने के कारण बहुत धीमे थे। She stood at the crossing and waited long, वह सड़क पार करने की जगह पर खड़ी रही और काफी देर इंतज़ार करती रही। Alone, uncared for, amid the throng भीड़ के बीच अकेली और उपेक्षित थी। Of human beings who passed her by, लोग वहाँ से गुज़रते रहे, Nor heeded the glance of her anxious eye. पर किसी ने उसकी चिंतित नज़रों पर ध्यान नहीं दिया। Down the street with laughter and shout, सड़क पर हँसी-खुशी और चिल्लाहट थी, Glad in the freedom of “school let out”; बच्चे “स्कूल खत्म होने” की आज़ादी से खुश थे। Came the boys like a flock of sheep, लड़के झुंड में भेड़ों की तरह आ रहे थे। Hailing the snow piled white and deep. वे गहरी और सफ़ेद बर्फ़ देखकर खुशी मना रहे थे। Past the woman so old and gray, वे उस बूढ़ी औरत के पास से गुज़र गए, Hastened the children on their way. बच्चे जल्दी-जल्दी अपनी राह चले गए। Nor offered a helping hand to her— किसी ने भी उसकी मदद के लिए हाथ नहीं बढ़ाया— So meek, so timid, afraid to stir, वह इतनी शांत, डरी हुई और हिलने से घबराई हुई थी। Lest her trembling feet step wrong; डर था कि उसके काँपते पैर कहीं ग़लत कदम न रख दें; Give way beneath the crowd so strong. और मज़बूत भीड़ में वह गिर न जाए। At last came one of the merry troop, अंततः उस मस्ती से भरे दल में से एक लड़का आया, The gayest laddie of all the group; जो पूरे समूह का सबसे खुशमिजाज लड़का था; He paused beside her and whispered low, वह उसके पास रुका और धीरे से बोला, “I’ll help you across, if you wish to go.” “अगर आप जाना चाहें तो मैं आपको सड़क पार करा दूँगा।” Her aged hand on his strong young arm उसका बूढ़ा हाथ उस लड़के की मज़बूत बाँह पर रखा गया, She placed, and so, without hurt or harm, और इस तरह, बिना चोट खाए या गिरे, He guided the trembling feet along, उसने उसके काँपते पैरों को आगे बढ़ाया, Proud that his own were firm and strong. और गर्व महसूस किया कि उसके अपने पैर मज़बूत और स्थिर हैं। Then back again to his friends he went, फिर वह अपने दोस्तों के पास लौट गया, His young heart happy and well content. उसका युवा दिल खुशी और संतोष से भर गया। She’s somebody’s mother, boys, you know, “वह किसी की माँ है, दोस्तों, यह जान लो, For all she’s aged, and poor and slow. चाहे वह बूढ़ी, ग़रीब और धीमी हो।” And somebody’s mother bowed low her head और किसी की माँ ने अपना सिर झुका लिया In her home that night, and the prayer she said: उस रात अपने घर में, और उसने यह प्रार्थना की: “God, be kind to that noble boy, “हे भगवान, उस महान लड़के पर कृपा करना, Who is somebody’s son, and pride and joy.” जो किसी का बेटा है और गर्व और आनंद का कारण है।”

Lesson Architecture Theme Stanza-Wise Explanation Literary Devices NCERT Solution CBE-Based Extract Questions: Short Questions from CBSE Board Exams Extra Short Questions: MCQ TEST Chapter-wise Board Exam Questions: English Core | Class XII | PYQs ( englishwithadifference.com ) Recommended Reading My Mother at Sixty Six by Kamala Das (englishwithadifference.com) A Thing of Beauty , CBE & NCERT Questions , Poem Explanation | Board Exam 2024 (englishwithadifference.com) Kindly subscribe to the Channel with a CLICK HERE. NCERT Official Live Discussion on Keeping Quiet by Pablo Neruda Theme: The poem highlights the need for quiet introspection and mutual human understanding. The poem stresses on building a peaceful and harmonious world. The poem also appeals for fostering the spirit of brotherhood among the people of the world. The poem appeals us to stop waging war against indiscriminate exploitation of Mother Earth for vested interests. The poem shows concern on isolation of human beings resulting out of their selfishness. The poem strongly condemns nuclear and chemical wars and victory with human surviv ors. Buy Our Important Books for Board Exams 2025 https://www.englishwithadifference.com/product-page/board-pyqs-flamingo-vistas-full-syllabus https://www.englishwithadifference.com/product-page/flamingo-prose-board-pyqs-english-class-xii https://www.englishwithadifference.com/product-page/chapter-wise-vistas-previous-year-board-exam-questions-class-xii https://www.englishwithadifference.com/product-page/poetry-pyqs-english-core-class-12 Stanza-Wise Explanation | Word-Meanings (Lines 1-6) Now we will count to twelve and we will all keep still . For once on the face of the Earth let’s not speak in any language, let’s stop for one second, and not move our arms so much. Vocabulary: Keep Still : Keep Quiet. face of the Earth Everywhere in the world. Paraphrase: The poet wants us to keep quiet after a count-down of 12. He does not want us to move our arms very much. The poet wants us not to move our arms so much because physical activity will divert us from being silent. Not moving our arms also suggests stopping the use of all kinds of weapons. The literary device ‘pun’ is used here while talking about arms. Literary Device Symbolism   "Twelve" symbolizes time, completeness, and unity. Alliteration "we will" (repetition of ‘w’ sound). Repetition  Let’s" is repeated to emphasize unity and collective action. Metaphor – "Face of the Earth" (Lines 7-10) | Word -Meanings It would be an exotic moment without rush , without engines, we would all be together in a sudden strangeness . exotic moment Moment of peace and quietness. without rush: Without any mechanical life style. sudden strangeness : Blissful experience of universal spirit in human beings. Paraphrase When People all over the world irrespective of their religions, languages and nationalities will remain quiet for a while, they will experience moment of peace and quietness. On that day human beings would not go to work and no industry/factory/vehicles will work on that day, which is indicated by the word ‘engines’. They will undergo blissful experience of universal spirit, which is present in all human beings. The poet means to say that only when we shall introspect in silence, we shall feel the need for fostering universal brotherhood with one another. Literary Device Alliteration   – "sudden strangeness" (repetition of ‘s’ sound) . Imagery – The poet creates a visual of a quiet world, free from rush and noise. ( without rush, without engines.) (Lines 11-14) | Word Meanings Fishermen in the cold sea would not harm whales and the man gathering salt would look at his hurt hands . harm whales – No person would be harming any other living being. hurt hands : injuries and the damage salt-gathering man causes to his hands. Paraphrase: The poet means to say that fishermen on that day would not cause any damage to whales in the sea. Here the poet is urging everyone not to harm the animals. Here he cites an example of whales, which are being hunted for the purpose of food or trade. The man gathering salt would also introspect that in the process of salt gathering, he has caused injuries to his hands. Metaphorically, it means that in the mad rush for human beings to attain material things, they have caused damage to their health. (Lines 15-21) | Word-Meanings Those who prepare green wars , wars with gas, wars with fire , victory with no survivors , would put on clean clothes and walk about with their brothers in the shade, doing nothing. green wars : Green wars refers to war against nature. wars with gas, wars with fire : War with chemical and nuclear weapons. victory with no survivors : Victory in war but at the cost of precious human lives. clean clothes: Here fostering universal brotherhood as a result of introspection. Literary Device: Symbolism – " Fishermen" represent human greed; "salt gatherer" represents the suffering of labourers. Imagery  Creates a vivid picture of nature and human hardship. Metaphor  – "Green wars" for environmental destruction. Iro ny – "Victory with no survivors" (what’s the point of winning if no one remains?). Alliteration  – "wars with" (repetition of ‘w’ sound). Paraphrase I n these lines the poet has become optimistic or hopeful while imagining a situation when even those who wage war against nature indicated by ‘green wars’ and those who indulge in war with chemical and nuclear weapons of mass destruction will also foster the spirit of brotherhood. They will give up the spirit of animosity for fellow human beings. They would develop brotherly feeling with others and live amicably in peace and harmony. (Lines 22-25) What I want should not be confused with total inactivity . Life is what it is about; I want no truck with death Vocabulary: . total inactivity : suspension of all activities. no truck with death : death-like silence. Literary Device Symbolism – "Total inactivity" symbolizes lifelessness, which the poet rejects. Paraphrase The poet means to say that what he wants is not suspension of all activities during the process of remaining silent. We should introspect by being silent so that we are able to understand why there is so much misunderstanding among human beings. To bring all activities to a halt is only to facilitate introspection and not to bring life to a standstill. Life is an on-going process and humanity should move on. LINES 26-32 If we were not so single-minded about keeping our lives moving, and for once could do nothing, perhaps a huge silence might interrupt this sadness of never understanding ourselves and of threatening ourselves with death. single-minded : Men are focused, determined about his own progress. I nterrupt: s top Literary Device Symbolism  – "Total inactivity" symbolizes lifelessness, which the poet rejects. Personification  – "Silence might interrupt sadness" (silence is given human qualities). Paraphrase The poet means to say that as human beings are so determined about his own progress in life by owning more and more things, they have become mechanical and have no time to introspect. Hence they need to introspect by being silent so that they would certainly know why there was so much conflict and violence in the world. The race for more arms and ammunition and the desire to overpower and dominate over more and more areas and countries is what has threatened mankind with death. LINE 33-37 | Word-Meanings Perhaps the Earth can teach us as when everything seems dead and later proves to be alive. Now I’ll count up to twelve and you keep quiet and I will go. Earth can teach us: The earth teaches us how new life springs from dead remains. Literary Device Personification – "Earth can teach us" (Earth is given wisdom). Symbolism  Winter symbolizes death, and spring represents rebirth. Paraphrase: The seeds that lie dormant throughout winter germinate or come to life with the arrival of spring. It appears as if nature is vibrant and throbbing with life. Therefore, the poet is optimistic about the outcome of introspection. Like the earth throbs with life when the spring comes, likewise man gets new direction in life-the direction of being peaceful, empathetic and forgiving as an outcome of introspection. Literary Devices Literary Devices NCERT Solution Think It Out ( Page 96) 1. What will counting upto twelve and keeping still help us achieve? Ans: The poet exhorts us to count upto twelve and keep quiet so as to feel exotic moment. Counting will help us to be prepared for introspection. We shall establish a communion at spiritual level with humanity at large. Introspection will help us to ward off any kind of misunderstanding with people belonging to other nations. 2. Do you think the poet advocates total inactivity and death? Ans: No, the poet means to say that there should not be any suspension of activities during the process of remaining silent. To bring all activities to a halt is only to facilitate introspection and not to bring life to a standstill. Life is an on-going process and humanity should move on. 3. What is the 'sadness' that the poet refers to in the poem? Ans: The 'sadness' refers to the fact that human beings do not understand one another. The race for more arms and ammunition and the desire to overpower and dominate over more and more areas and countries is what has threatened mankind with death. 4. What symbol from Nature does the poet invoke to say that there can be life under apparent stillness? Ans: The poet draws the symbol of the Earth to explain that there can be life under apparent stillness. The earth teaches us how new life springs from dead remains. The seeds that lie dormant throughout winter germinate or come to life with the arrival of spring. It appears as if nature is vibrant and throbbing with life. Therefore, the poet is optimistic about the outcome of introspection. CBQ-Based Extract Questions: 1. Read the given extracts to attempt the questions with reference to context (1) What I want should not be confused with total inactivity Life is what it is about; I want no truck with death. If we were not so single-minded about keeping our lives moving– and for once could do nothing Perhaps a huge silence might interrupt this sadness of never understanding ourselves and of threatening ourselves with death. (A) The poet’s intention in the first line is to: (a) give warning to the readers. (b) give right direction to the readers. (c) give choice to the readers. (d) give a clarification to the readers. (B) Select the option that best explains the stand of the poet in the expression: ‘‘I want no truck with death’’. (a) He advises people to escape death. (b) He asserts that death is inevitable. (c) He assures that he does not advocate death. (d) He expresses his desire not to die. (C) Select the option that aptly describes the tone of the poet in the expression: ‘‘If we were not so single minded’’. (a) Regretful (b) Critical (c) Encouraging (d) Friendly (D) According to the poet who is to blame for the condition of threatening ourselves with death? (a) Stressful life (b) Keeping quiet (c) Lack of understanding (d) State of confusion (E) The tone of the poet in the expression ‘‘perhaps a huge silence might interrupt this sadness’’ is: (a) unsure yet optimistic. (b) sure and confident. (c) poetic & melodramatic. (d) hopeful but not confident. (F) “What I want should not be confused with total inactivity.” Choose the option that draws the most accurate parallel. keeping quiet: total inactivity = ______ : ______ a) reflection and death b) silence and chaos c) stagnation and introspection d) mindfulness and fear 2. If we were not so single-minded about keeping our lives moving, and for once could do nothing, perhaps a huge silence might interrupt this sadness of never understanding ourselves and of threatening ourselves with death. (A) What do you think is the mood of the poet in the above extract? a) gloomy, cynical b) reflective, inspired c) introspective, aware d) critical, demotivated (B) Pick the option that DOES NOT complete the given sentence suitably, as per the extract. Threatening ourselves with death __________ a) feeds on the fear of death. b) challenges finiteness of life. c) keeps us rushing through life. (C) What might the “huge silence” signify? a) melancholy b) understanding c) discomfort d) flexibility (D) Which of the following can be inferred to lead to ‘threatening ourselves with death’? (a) Constantly being silent (b) Constantly rushing about (c) Constantly being sad (d) Constantly doing nothing (E) According to the poet, it can be inferred that silence can help humans .................... (a) understand the earth. (b) understand each other. (c) understand themselves. (d) understand stillness. 3. For once on the face of the Earth let’s not speak in any language, let’s stop for one second, and not move our arms so much. It would be an exotic moment without rush, without engines, we would all be together in a sudden strangeness. (CBSE Question Bank 2021) (i) The poet uses the word ‘let’s’ to (a) initiate a conversation between the poet and the readers. (b) invite readers as part of the poem’s larger call to humanity. (c) welcome readers into the world of the poem and its subject. (d) address readers as fellow members of the human race. (ii) Margaret Atwood said, “Language divides us into fragments, I wanted to be whole.” Choose the option that correctly comments on the relationship between Margaret Atwood’s words and the line from the above extract – “let’s not speak in any language”. (a) Atwood endorses Neruda’s call to not speak in any language. (b) Atwood justifies Neruda’s request to not engage in any speaking. (c) Atwood undermines Neruda’s intent to stop and not speak in any language. (d) Atwood surrenders to Neruda’s desire for silence and not speak in any language. (iii) Why do you think the poet employs words like “exotic” and “strangeness”? (a) To highlight the importance of everyone being together suddenly for once. (b) To emphasise the frentic activity and chaos that usually envelops human life. (c) To indicate the unfamiliarity of a sudden moment without rush or without engine. (d) To direct us towards keeping quiet and how we would all be together in that silence. 4. “ What I want should not be confused with total inactivity. Life is what it is about; I want no truck with death.” (i) About which confusion the poet is referring to here? (a) Keeping still means total inactivity. (b) Introspect for sometime while being active. (c) Stillness and keeping quiet for some time does not mean end of everything. (d) All of the above (ii) What is life about according to the poet? (a) Living it gainfully (b) Living a hectic life with no time for anything else (c) Multiple activities to earn as much money as possible (d) Gainfully occupied with time to analyse and introspect ( i ii) Choose the book title that perfectly describes the purpose of the given lines. (a) Silence: The Power of Quiet in the world full of Noise by Thick Nhat Han. (b) Of chaos and clarity by Rubu Yari (c) Awareness, Clarity, Power by Jill’s McDonald (d) The confusion by Neal Stephenson (iv) Explain: ‘No truck with death’. (a) Inactivity mean death (b) No association with death as life is to be lived fully (c) Stillness and inactivity for few minutes in different from death (d) Both (b) and (c) 5. Now we will count to twelve [All India 2016] and we will all keep still. For once on the face of the Earth let’s not speak in any language, let’s stop for one second, and not move our arms so much. Answer the following. (a) What does the poet urge humanity to do? Ans: The poet urges humanity to remain silent for the duration of twelve counts. (b) Why does the poet want us not to speak any language? Ans: The poet wants us not to speak any language as during the introspection, we shall all reflect on the universal language of love and brotherhood. (c) Why should we not move our arms so much? Ans: We should not move our arms so much so as to be able to focus on the task of introspection. (d) What will ‘counting up to twelve and keeping still’ help us to achieve? Ans: Counting up to twelve and keeping still will help us to realize the real im pact of our selfish actions on each other and, finally, on the entire humanity. 6. It would be an exotic moment without rush, without engines, we would all be together in a sudden strangeness. 7. Those who prepare green wars, wars with gas, wars with fire, victory with no survivors, would put on clean clothes and walk about with their brothers… 8. ...perhaps a huge silence [Foreign 2016] might interrupt this sadness of never understanding ourselves and of threatening ourselves with death. 9. Perhaps the Earth can teach us as when everything seems dead and later proves to be alive. Now I’ll count up to twelve and you keep quiet and I will go. Short Questions from CBSE Board Exams Q1. In a world that is constantly running after ‘more’ chasing the next new thing, would it be fair to think of Neruda’s call as merely a fanciful idea? [CBSE Question Bank 2021] Ans. I think that especially in a world that is constantly running after more, Neruda’s idea would resonate with the people. Silence and stillness are therapeutic for the chaos that plagues modern life. Q2. The world has become a global village, and people across boundaries, nationalities and communities are now connected to one another. With the advancement of technology, and the advent of social media, do you think that the task of keeping quiet, as envisaged by Neruda, has become easier or more complicated? Justify your stance. [CBSE Question Bank 2021] Ans. It is precisely because we are more connected than ever before that the task of keeping quiet has become more complicated. Earlier, it was possible to divide day and night activities but now everything is on for twenty-four hours. Whether that is the media or the internet. Keeping quiet is more necessary but also more difficult at this time. Q3. How is the earth a source of life when all seems dead on it? [CBSE 2017, 15] Ans. The earth teaches us how new life springs from dead remains. Like the earth throbs with life when the spring comes, likewise man gets new direction in life-the direction of being peaceful, empathetic and forgiving as an outcome of introspection. Q4. What is the sadness that the poet Pablo Neruda refers to in the poem ‘Keeping Quiet’? (CBSE 2014) The 'sadness' that the poet refers to is the race for more arms and ammunition and the desire to overpower and dominate over more and more areas and countries which has threatened mankind with death. Man has developed misunderstanding owing to his selfish objectives. Extra Short Questions: Q1. Which symbol from nature does the poet invoke that there can be life under apparent stillness? Ans : The poet uses ‘Earth’ as a symbol to invoke that there can be life after apparent stillness. The Earth seems ‘still’ from outside but is alive and vibrant deep within. Similarly, our silence can help us to maintain a harmonious life on Earth and stop destruction. Q2. How will keeping quiet protect our environment? Ans : Keeping quiet refers to stopping all activities for a moment and introspect. This will help us to analyse the kind of deeds we are doing for our selfish purpose but which harm nature. This moment will make us understand the fact that harmony with nature is very essential for the survival of mankind. Q3. What will possibly be the effect of ‘keeping quiet’? Ans : Keeping quiet will result in a mutual understanding among all human beings and understanding ourselves. We will be able to understand the fact that the balance between nature and human beings is essential for our existence on the Earth. Q4. Which is the exotic moment that the poet refers to in ‘Keeping Quiet’? Ans : The poet refers to the exotic moment when everyone would be silent and still and there would be no noise or mad race. It will evoke an environment of peace and quietness with no conflicts, quarrels, agreements or wars. This moment will bring a sense of togetherness among all human beings. Q5. Which images in the poem ‘Keeping Quiet’ show that the poet condemns violence? Ans : Pablo Naruda gives the images of ‘green war’, ‘war with gas’ and ‘wars with fire’ and then associates these wars with ‘victory with no survivors’. This is to emphasize the fact that wars will bring an end to the entire human race. This shows that he condemns violence. Q6. What are the different types of wars mentioned in the poem? What is Neruda’s attitude towards them? Ans : Pablo Neruda has mentioned ‘green wars’, ‘wars with fire’ and ‘wars with gas’. The poet does not appreciate the concept of war. He condemns it by saying that these wars will result in victory with no survivors. So instead of these wars and conflicts we must develop the concept of mutual understanding and co-existence. Q7. How can suspension of activities help? Ans : The suspension of activities will help us to introspect. It will provide an insight into the mad rush and selfish actions we indulge in. When we all are able to ponder and analyse our own actions and attitude, we will develop mutual understanding and realise the importance of co-existence. Q8. Do you think the poet advocates total inactivity and death? Why/Why not? Ans : The poet does not advocate ‘total inactivity’ because he has a firm belief in life. He wants everyone to live a complete life, full of peace and contentment. He wants everyone to take a break from the hectic schedule and introspect for a while to improve the quality of life. Q9. What will be the ultimate end of man if the present scenario of wars and conflicts continues? Ans :If the present scenario of war and destruction continues, it will lead to total destruction of the humanity. We all will perish and nobody will be left to celebrate the victory. MCQ TEST Please Click here to attempt MCQ Test Recommended Reading Journey To the End of the Earth |CBE Questions | NCERT Solution | Text Translation | Concept Videos (englishwithadifference.com) Lost Spring | | CBE-Based Questions | NCERT Solution |Board Exam 2024 (englishwithadifference.com)

The art of narrating the words of a speaker is Narration. There are two ways in which a speaker can express his ideas and statements 1. The Direct Speech 2. The Indirect Speech or Reported Speech The speech in which the actual words of the speaker is given is known as ‘ The Direct Speech’ e.g. The teacher said, ‘Study sincerely and be present in the school.’ ( Direct Speech) The speech in which the substance of the speaker’s speech is given is known as The Indirect Speech/ Reported Speech. e.g. The teacher advised us to study sincerely and be present in the school. ( Indirect Speech) There are three parts of a Direct Speech a) The speaker is known as ‘ Reporter’ b) The verb initiating the speech of the speaker is known as ‘The Reporting Verb’ c) The words of speaker which are reported are known as ‘ The Reported Speech’ e.g Ram said, ‘I don’t know who he is. ‘ Ram: Reporter Said: Reporting Verb ‘I don’t know who he is’’: reported speech. Note: a) The reporting verb and the reported speech are separated by a ‘comma’ b) Reported Speech always begins with Capital letter. c) The reported Speech is always enclosed in inverted (“………..”) commas. d) Any tense can be used in the Reported Speech. e) The Reported speech may consist of following types of sentences ASSERTIVE INTERROGATIVE IMPERATIVE EXCLAMATORY. a) If the reporting verb is in present tense or future tense, there will be no change of tense of direct speech. e.g. He says, “ I am not feeling well.’’ Ans: He says that he is not feeling well No change of tense e.g. She will say, ‘My father is a doctor.’ Ans: She will say that my father is a doctor. b) If the Direct Speech contains Universal Truth, characteristics, habitual action, then there is no change of tense of direct speech in converting to reported speech. e.g. The teacher said, ‘’New Delhi is the capital of India.’’ (No Change of Tense) The teacher said that New Delhi is the capital of India. (Universal Truth) e.g. My friend said, ‘’ I get up every day at 6 in the morning. ( No Change of Tense) My friend said that he gets up every day at 6 in the morning. (Habitual Action) e.g. My brother said, ‘’ My watch keeps right time.’’ ( No Change of tense ) My brother said that his watch keeps right time. (Characteristics) c) In assertive and negative sentences, the reporting verb ‘said ’ is converted into ‘told’ if said is followed by an object. e.g. He said to me , ‘ I was watching a movie last night.’ (Said is followed by object ‘me’ ) He told me that he had been watching a movie the previous night. How to Convert Direct Speech into Indirect Speech in Interrogative Sentences? a) If the interrogative sentence starts with ‘ Do/Does/Did/Have/Has/Was/Were/am/Is/Are’ the answer of which is either ‘yes’ or ‘no’, then we use ‘if’ to connect reporting verb with reported speech. e.g. The teacher asked, Did you have your breakfast?’’ The teacher asked if I had my breakfast. The teacher asked, ‘Have you done your homework?’ The teacher asked if I had done my homework. b) If an interrogative sentence starts with ‘ Why/How/When/Where/ Which etc the answer of which is neither ‘yes’ nor ‘no’, then we should use the same interrogative word in reported speech to connect with reporting verb. e.g. The teacher asked him, ‘ How old are you?’ The teacher asked him how old he was. e.g.The teacher asked me, ‘When did you come?’ The teacher asked me when I had come. c) In converting interrogative sentence in reported speech, always remember to use the order ‘ subject + verb+ object’. In other words, the sentence should have assertive structure reported speech. e.g. The teacher asked ‘ What time do you sleep? The teacher asked what time I slept. (not ‘what time did I sleep’) How to Convert Direct Speech into Indirect Speech in Imperative Sentences? a) If the imperative sentence in direct speech refers to some suggestions/proposals, then reporting verb is changed into ‘suggested’ or ‘ proposed’ and in reported speech ‘…… should’ is introduced. e.g. My friend said to me, ‘ Let us go to the theatre this evening.’ My friend suggested/proposed to me that we should to the theatre that evening. b) When the word ‘let’ in direct speech does not express any suggestions or proposals, then we should write ‘ might’ / might be allowed in reported speech instead of ‘..should’ e.g. My friend said to me, ‘ Let me do this work.’ My friend wished that he might do that work/ he might be allowed to do that work. c) Reporting verb is also changed into ‘advise’, ‘order’, ‘request’ , ‘warn’ etc according to the context in the direct speech. e.g The teacher said to us, ‘ Always bring textbook in the class.’ The teachers advised/instructed us to always bring textbook in the class. e.g. The master said to the servant, ‘ Post the letter.’ The master ordered the servant to post the letter. How to Convert Direct Speech into Indirect Speech in Exclamatory Sentences? a) Reporting verb is changed into ‘wished’, exclaimed, prayed, applauded, exclaimed with joy, exclaimed with sorrow etc. e.g. He said to me , ‘May you live long.’ He wished that I might live long. Mother said to me, May God bless you.’ Mother prayed that God might bless me. He said to me, ‘Good morning.’ He wished me good morning. The boy said, ‘What a joy! We have won the game.’ The boy exclaimed with joy that they had won the game. I said to him, ‘What a fool you are.’ I exclaimed that he was a great fool. The commander said to the soldiers, ‘Bravo! You fought bravely.’’ The commander applauded the soldiers saying that they had fought bravely. Recommended Reading: Reported Speech Worksheet Note: To solve Exercise Questions based on Reported Speech, Click Here .

Data interpretation is a skill to understand the given data about certain topics in the form of pie charts, tables or bar-graphs. The topics might include the comparative data on the following: Online Versus Offline mode of teaching learning. No. of Road Accidents in India. Obsession of Children on different gadgets. Homework loads of students. Duration of onscreen time of the adolescents. Tips for writing A paragraph is written keeping the facts and figures in mind and /or quoting them. Compare the given data with the previous years and write the comparative report by mentioning the data. While making comparison mention the year and data of that year with the current year and data. Draw the conclusion in terms of summing it up towards the end of the paragraph. How to Interpret Data from a Pie Chart? Interpreting data from a pie chart or bar graph is a fundamental skill. Here's a simple guide for interpreting data from both types of visualizations: A pie chart represents parts of a whole. Each "slice" of the pie corresponds to a category, and the size of the slice indicates the proportion of the whole it represents. Identifying Categories: Look at the labels or legend to understand what each slice represents. Each category should be labeled, and the labels usually indicate what the data is about. Analyzing Proportions: Examine the size of each slice. The larger the slice, the larger the proportion of the whole it represents. Compare the sizes of different slices to understand the relative importance of each category. Highlighting Percentages Some pie charts include percentages on each slice. These percentages indicate the proportion of the whole represented by each category. This can be a helpful way to quantify the data. Spotting Trends Identify any trends or patterns. Are certain categories much larger or smaller than others? Are there any categories that stand out because of their size or position in the chart? Example 1 The effects of technology on education have been profound and multifaceted; influencing both teaching and learning in various ways. The data below shows the rising enrolment in online courses over the years. Analyze the data and write an analytical paragraph, in about 120 words, about how technology has transformed teaching and learning by shifting from classrooms to digital devices. Discuss benefits such as access to information and challenges like digital divide. S No. Year Total No. of Enrolments ( in millions) 1 2017 26 2. 2018 43 3 2019 59 4. 2020 76 5. 2021 143 6. 2022 189 Answer Technology and Education Technology has brought a revolution in education by shifting learning from classrooms to digital platforms. The data shows that online enrolment increased from 26 million in 2017 to 189 million in 2022, indicating a rapid rise in digital learning. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated this growth, with enrolments jumping sharply in 2020 and 2021. Online education provides easy access to information, flexible learning, and interactive digital tools. It has helped students worldwide learn at their own pace and connect beyond geographical barriers. However, challenges like lack of internet access, the digital divide, and over-dependence on devices remain serious concerns. Overall, technology has transformed education into a more accessible and dynamic process, but it must ensure inclusivity for all learners. Example 2 Read the given details about the pros and cons of artificial intelligence (AI). With the help of the given cues and your own ideas write an analytical paragraph in about 120 words on “AI – Benefits and Drawbacks”. AI is possessed by machines  Impacted our lives in many ways AI – Google maps  Knowledge at our fingertips Cannot wholly replicate humans Increase in cyber crime Answer AI – Benefits and Drawbacks Artificial Intelligence (AI) is possessed by machines but has deeply influenced human lives. From Google Maps to voice assistants, AI brings knowledge to our fingertips, saving time and improving efficiency. It supports industries, healthcare, and daily life by automating tasks and providing quick solutions. However, AI has drawbacks too. Machines cannot replicate human emotions, creativity, or ethical decision-making. Overuse of AI also raises concerns about job losses and dependency on machines. Moreover, cybercrimes and misuse of AI technology are on the rise, creating safety risks. While AI offers immense benefits in accuracy and convenience, it must be balanced with human intelligence, values, and control. Thus, AI should serve as a supportive tool rather than a replacement for human capability. Example 3 Natural food, typically refers to food that has not been processed or preserved in any significant way before it is consumed, while ultra-processed food refers to food items that have been altered from their natural state through various methods. Given below is a table that differentiates between natural and processed foods. Study the description given and write an analytical paragraph in about 120 words, drawing a comparison between the two : Natural Food Processed Food High Fiber High Sugar  Healthy nutrients  Unhealthy nutrients Healthy Fats Unhealthy Fats Low Sodium High Sodium Regulates blood sugar, blood pressure and provides healthy nutrients Tasty, ready to eat and addictive Answer Natural Food vs Processed Food Natural food is rich in fibre, nutrients, and healthy fats, while processed food contains high sugar, sodium, and unhealthy fats. Natural food regulates blood sugar, pressure, and overall health, whereas processed food, though tasty and convenient, often becomes addictive. While natural food supports long-term well-being, processed food leads to lifestyle diseases. Therefore, choosing natural food ensures health, while processed food offers only short-lived taste and convenience. Example 4 Social Media has a lasting impact on our thought process and influences our thinking in both positive and negative ways. With the help of the given cues and using your own ideas, write an analytical paragraph on “The Impact of Social Media on Teenagers’’ in about 120 words. POSITIVE : connects peers creative expression access information community building NEGATIVE : impacts self-esteem cyber bullying privacy intrusion distraction and addiction Answer The Impact of Social Media on Teenagers Social media significantly influences teenagers by providing connectivity, creative expression, and easy access to information. It builds communities and allows free exchange of ideas. However, its negative effects include low self-esteem, cyber bullying, privacy concerns, and addiction. Many teenagers face distractions in academics due to overuse. Hence, social media is a double-edged tool, which, if used wisely, empowers, but if misused, can harm both mental health and productivity. Example Let's consider a simple example of a pie chart representing the distribution of favorite fruits among a group of students. The data is as follows: - Apples: 30% - Bananas: 25% - Oranges: 20% - Grapes: 15% - Strawberries: 10% Now, let's break down how to interpret this pie chart: 1. Understanding the Basics: - The pie chart represents the total preferences of all students for these five fruits. 2. Identifying Categories: - Each slice of the pie corresponds to a different fruit. In this case, we have slices for apples, bananas, oranges, grapes, and strawberries. 3. Analyzing Proportions: - The size of each slice indicates the proportion of students who prefer that fruit. Apples are the most preferred (30%), followed by bananas (25%), and so on. 4. Highlighting Percentages: - If the chart includes percentages on each slice, you can easily see that apples are the favorite of 30% of the students, bananas are the favorite of 25%, and so forth. 5. Spotting Trends: - The trend here is that apples are the most preferred fruit, while strawberries are the least preferred. This is evident from the larger slice for apples and the smaller slice for strawberries. In this way, you can interpret the data in a pie chart by visually assessing the sizes of the slices and understanding the proportions they represent. Here's a graphical representation of what the pie chart might look like: How to Read a Bar Graph ? 1. Understanding the Basics: - A bar graph uses bars to represent different categories or groups. The length of each bar corresponds to the quantity it represents. 2. Reading the Axes: - Identify the axes of the graph. The horizontal axis (x-axis) typically represents categories or groups, while the vertical axis (y-axis) represents the quantity being measured. 3. Analyzing Bar Lengths: - Look at the length of each bar. Longer bars indicate a larger quantity, while shorter bars indicate a smaller quantity. Compare the lengths of different bars to understand the relative magnitudes. 4. Examining Patterns: - Check for patterns or trends. Are there any bars that are notably higher or lower than others? Are there consistent patterns across different categories? 5. Considering Scale: - Pay attention to the scale of the axes. Sometimes, the scale can be adjusted to exaggerate differences. Ensure that you understand the scale before drawing conclusions. Data Interpretation of the above Bar Graph Title: Teenagers' Smartphone and Tablet Usage Across the Globe The given data in the form of the above bargraph represents data on smartphone and tablet usage among teenagers across different regions for a high school student in the age group of 15-16 years. 1. Understanding the Graph: - This bar graph compares the usage of smartphones and tablets among teenagers in five different regions: North America, Europe, Asia, South America, and Africa. 2. Smartphone Usage The green bars represent the percentage of teenagers in each region who use smartphones. For example, in North America, about 80% of teenagers use smartphones. Similarly, in Europe, the percentage is 75%. 3. Tablet Usage: - The blue bars represent the percentage of teenagers in each region who use tablets. For instance, in North America, around 30% of teenagers use tablets. In Europe, it's about 25%. 4. Comparing Usage: - Notice that in all regions, more teenagers use smartphones compared to tablets. The height of the green bars (smartphones) is generally higher than the blue bars (tablets). 5. Regional Differences: - Compare the heights of the bars across regions to see where smartphone and tablet usage is more common. For instance, smartphone usage is highest in Asia (around 90%), while tablet usage is highest in Asia as well (around 40%). 6. Overall Trends: The stacked nature of the bars shows the total technology usage (smartphones + tablets). You can observe that the combined usage is generally higher, reflecting that many teenagers use both smartphones and tablets. The percentages represent the proportion of teenagers using each device in each region. For instance, if 80% of teenagers in North America use smartphones, it means that out of 100 teenagers, 80 use smartphones. Conclusion: This graph suggests that smartphones are widely used by teenagers across the globe, with Asia having the highest usage. Tablets, while less popular than smartphones, still show significant usage, especially in Asia. In summary, this bar graph provides a visual comparison of smartphone and tablet usage among teenagers in different regions, offering insights into technology preferences and trends across the globe. You can also write a data interpretation or analyze it in a single paragraph. Sample Data Interpretation 1 CBSE Board PYQ | Set 1 | All India The chart highlights the contrasting features of e-learning and classroom learning, each with its own benefits and limitations. E-learning offers flexibility as it is accessible anytime and anywhere, allowing learners to study at their own pace. It also saves time and money by eliminating travel, making it convenient for self-motivated students. However, it may reduce direct interaction and discipline. On the other hand, classroom learning takes place at the same time and place, ensuring structured learning and face-to-face interaction with teachers and peers. It caters to the collective needs of the class but involves transportation costs and is time-consuming. Thus, while e-learning promotes convenience and independence, classroom learning supports guidance, social interaction, and discipline. Sample 2 CBSE Board PYQ | Set 1 | All India The given details highlight the description and significant role of computers in today’s world. A computer is an electronic device capable of storing and processing large amounts of information quickly and accurately. It simplifies life by making tasks such as calculation, communication, and data management easy and efficient. Physically, a computer consists of essential components like the monitor, keyboard, CPU, and mouse, each performing a specific function to ensure smooth operation. Moreover, computer technology is widely used in almost every field, including education, medicine, commerce, and entertainment. From online learning and digital payments to advanced medical diagnosis and multimedia entertainment, computers have become indispensable. Thus, computers play a crucial role in enhancing productivity, accuracy, and connectivity in modern society. Sample 3 CBSE Board PYQ | Set 2 | All India Social media has a significant impact on teenagers, influencing their thoughts and behaviour in both positive and negative ways. On the positive side, it helps teenagers connect with peers, build friendships, and develop a sense of belonging. It also encourages creative expression through posts, videos, and blogs, while providing easy access to information and opportunities for community building. However, excessive use of social media can negatively affect teenagers’ self-esteem due to constant comparison. Issues like cyberbullying and privacy intrusion further add to emotional stress. Moreover, continuous notifications often lead to distraction and addiction, affecting academic performance. Therefore, while social media can be a powerful tool for learning and connection, its balanced and responsible use is essential for teenagers’ healthy development. Sample 4 CBSE Board PYQ | Set 2 | All India The table clearly compares natural food and processed food based on their nutritional value and impact on health. Natural food is rich in fibre, healthy nutrients, and good fats, which help regulate blood sugar levels and maintain normal blood pressure. Its low sodium content supports overall well-being and reduces the risk of lifestyle diseases. In contrast, processed food is high in sugar, unhealthy fats, and sodium, making it harmful when consumed regularly. Although processed food is tasty, ready to eat, and convenient, it often becomes addictive and lacks essential nutrients. Excessive intake can lead to obesity and other health problems. Therefore, while processed food offers convenience, natural food is a healthier choice that ensures long-term fitness and a balanced lifestyle. Sample 5 The following pie-chart represents the reading habits among teenagers across the globe. Write an analytical paragraph based on it. The pie chart illustrates the reading habits among teenagers across the globe, categorising them into frequent, occasional, and rare readers. The largest segment consists of occasional readers, indicating that many teenagers read only at intervals, possibly due to academic pressure and digital distractions. Frequent readers form a significant portion, showing that a considerable number of teenagers still value regular reading for knowledge and enjoyment. However, a noticeable share of teenagers are rare readers, reflecting a declining reading culture among some due to excessive screen time and lack of interest. Overall, the chart suggests that while reading has not disappeared among teenagers, it is not a consistent habit for many. Encouraging engaging reading materials and balanced digital use can help improve regular reading habits globally. Related Post Letters to the Editor | Formal Letter for Class X & XII Board Exam 2026

LETTERS TO EDITOR Letters to Editor give suggestions/create awareness on an issue of public interest or an issue already raised in an article / write up. Points to Remember Draw the attention of the concerned authorities/general public towards the problem, NOT the Editor. Request the concerned authorities to take the action NOT to the editor. It is not a direct request. While dealing with social/civic problems provide suggestions to curb or control it in the end. Raise the issue by citing some latest news / items / Survey report / personal experience etc. Analyze the issue in terms of its causes and consequences. Conclusion to be positive, straightforward with pleasant tone and use of polite language. Example 1 You are Rekha / Rakesh, a student of Bharti Public School Class XII. The students are required to cope up with a lot of stress in todays' competitive environment. Write a letter to the editor highlighting increasing stress faced by students and suggesting ways and means to combat it. Example 2 You are a social worker. you feel upset as some of the good schools are admitting as many as 60-70 students in class just to mint money. this is adversely affecting academic standards. write a letter to the editor of a national daily highlighting this corrupt practice. sign the letter as Ranjan/Ranjana. Example 3   You are Dharti Pradhan/Balal Goyal, the head girl/boy of Pinnacle School, Ustahpuri. You live in a culturally rich city with many historical monuments. You have observed that visitors have etched graffiti on these monuments and littered the area around. You are extremely disturbed at this irresponsible behaviour of the visitors. Write a letter to the editor of a national daily, in about 120 words, suggesting measures to stop such vandalism and creating awareness about the importance of these monuments. Example 4 You are Risha Khan / Zuhaan Khan, the sports captain of Highrise Public School, New Line, Rai Nagar. You believe that games and sports are an integral part of a student’s life. Write a letter to the editor of a national daily, in about 120 words, sharing your views on the importance of physical education and suggesting the need to establish a dedicated sports university, so that students can pursue and focus on their favourite sport. Example 5 You are Soumya Hansal / Sumit Hansal living at F-32, Shanti Nagar, Vayugarh. Seeing the inadequate healthcare infrastructure in your town, write a letter to the MLA of your area, in about 120 words, suggesting the need for improving existing healthcare facilities and creating more ‘‘Wellness Centres’’ including a specialized hospital for children and women. Example 6 As Sakshi/Saksham Bedi of 864, Solar Apartments, Lajpat Street, Dipak Nagar, you feel that the lack of proper street lighting in several areas of your neighbourhood is a threat to safety. Residents, especially those who work late shifts or return home after dark, feel vulnerable due to poorly lit streets. Write a letter to the District Magistrate of your city area, in about 120 words, stating the problem and requesting him to take necessary action for installation of streetlights in those areas. Example 7 You are Neha/Nehal Panjwani, residing at 8576, Sarita Apartments, Hanger Street. As a responsible citizen, you believe in promoting environmentally responsible practices. Write a letter to the Director, Alternate Energy Commission, in about 120 words, sharing your views about ‘Reducing the Carbon Footprint’ by encouraging the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power and to provide subsidies to families who want to avail the facility. Example 8 As Shobita/Shobhit Das, a responsible citizen, residing in 14-A, GVR Colony, Hoshiyarbad, you have noticed that a road crossing in your area does not have a traffic signal which leads to chaos and traffic jams during peak hours. It is also an accident-prone area. Despite writing numerous letters to the Traffic Commissioner, no action has yet been taken. Write a letter to the editor of a national daily, in about 120 words, to draw the attention of concerned authorities to address the pressing issue affecting the commuters. QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE You are anita/ankit staying at 'ankur apartments' mayur vihar, delhi. There is no bus-stop within the radius of 2 km from the apartments, causing a lot of inconvenience to the residents. Write a letter to the editor of 'the times of india' drawing attention of the government to this problem of the residents for rectification. Write a letter to the editor of 'The Hindustan Times' drawing the attention of the concerned authorities regarding health hazards being created when school students are carrying bags fully loaded with books on their shoulders to their schools. Also Visit Data Interpretation | Analytical Paragraph for Class X

Explore the Previous year Question papers, Revise them & ace your marks in English in Board Exam 2026 Glimpses of India Q1. How does the author establish that the pader is an important part of Goan society? The author shows that the pader  plays a central role in Goan life by highlighting his daily visits and social importance. Bread is essential for marriages, engagements, feasts, and festivals like Christmas. The author even states that the baker’s furnace is “absolutely essential,” proving that village life is incomplete without the pader . Q2. How does the author create a sense of nostalgia in ‘A Baker from Goa’? The author creates nostalgia by recalling childhood memories connected with the baker. Sounds like the “jingling thud” of the bamboo staff, the fragrance of fresh loaves, and children eagerly waiting for bread-bangles evoke fond memories. The use of past experiences and sensory details makes the past feel warm, lively, and unforgettable. Q3. With reference to ‘A Baker from Goa’, describe any two aspects of Goan lifestyle showing Portuguese influence. One strong Portuguese influence is bread-making . The Portuguese introduced loaves of bread, which became an integral part of Goan culture. Marriage gifts are incomplete without bol , and cakes and bolinhas  are essential for Christmas. Another influence is dress . Bakers earlier wore a single-piece frock called kabai . Even today, knee-length trousers are linked with paders , showing lasting Portuguese cultural impact. Q4. Which time of the year would you recommend someone to visit Coorg? Justify your answer. The best time to visit Coorg is from September to March . According to the text, this period has pleasant weather with light showers and fresh air. The monsoon rains reduce, making it ideal for sightseeing, trekking, adventure sports, and enjoying the scenic beauty of coffee plantations and forests. Q5. Which aspects of Coorg does the author explore from a historical perspective? The author explores the origin and martial history  of the Kodavus. He mentions that they are believed to be of Greek or Arabic descent. Their distinct traditions, unique dress, and strong military background, including their contribution to the Indian Army, reflect Coorg’s rich and proud historical heritage. Mijbil -the Otter Q1. Mijbil’s transportation to England was no less than a nightmare for the author. Justify the statement using incidents from the lesson. (Mijbil the Otter) Ans: Mijbil’s transportation to England was truly a nightmare for the author because of a series of frightening incidents. At the airline office in Basra, the author was told that Mijbil could travel only in a sealed cargo box. During the flight, the otter escaped from the box and created chaos in the aircraft. Later, Mijbil was found injured, bleeding, and exhausted. These stressful and dangerous experiences made the journey extremely disturbing and painful for the author. Q2. What efforts did the narrator make to get his mail from Europe ? (Mijbil the Otter) Ans: The narrator made several efforts to get his mail from Europe. He regularly visited the post office in Basra and inquired anxiously about his letters. Since mail arrived by irregular boats, he had to wait patiently for weeks. He repeatedly checked with officials and felt disappointed each time, showing his eagerness and loneliness while staying away from home. Q3. Mijbil spent most of his time in play. Elaborate. (Mijbil the Otter) Mijbil spent most of his time in play, as described clearly by the narrator. He invented his own games and showed great curiosity. For example, he loved rolling a rubber ball repeatedly, playing with water taps, and sliding down the bathtub. The narrator says that Mijbil’s favourite pastime was plunging into water and splashing happily, proving that play was central to his daily life. Every creature possesses a unique characteristic that defines it, and this trait is closely linked to its nature. How does the poem “How to Tell Wild Animals” illustrate this idea? Elaborate your answer with suitable examples from the poem. Ans: The poem “How to Tell Wild Animals”  clearly shows that every creature has a unique characteristic closely linked to its nature. The poet humorously explains how different animals can be identified by their natural behaviour. For example, the Asian Lion  is recognised by its roar and fearless attack, while the Bengal Tiger  is identified by its black stripes and aggressive nature that can “eat you”. The Leopard’s  nature is shown through its repeated attacks, proving its cruelty. Similarly, the Bear  hugs tightly, and the Hyena  laughs while killing its prey. Even the Crocodile’s  tears highlight its deceptive nature. Through humour and irony, the poet conveys that every wild animal behaves according to its instinct, and these traits define their true nature. In the poem “Dust of Snow”, the hemlock tree and the crow hold specific meanings. Explain how these symbols are used in the poem and why the poet chooses these particular images. Answer: In “Dust of Snow” , the hemlock tree  and the crow  usually symbolise sorrow, death, and negativity. The poet deliberately chooses these gloomy images to show contrast. When the crow shakes dust of snow from the hemlock tree onto him, his sad mood changes. This suggests that even symbols of negativity can bring positive transformation. The poet uses these images to convey that small, unexpected moments from nature can uplift the human spirit and change one’s outlook on life. Engaging in discussions and disputes rarely leads to problem resolution. Support the statement with evidence from the text “The Proposal”. Answer: Engaging in arguments rarely leads to solutions, as shown in “The Proposal”  by Anton Chekhov. Lomov visits Chubukov to propose marriage, but instead of discussing the proposal, all three get involved in heated disputes over the Oxen Meadows and later over their dogs. These arguments increase Lomov’s nervousness and cause repeated fainting fits. Ironically, the proposal is accepted not through calm discussion but through chance and interference. When Lomov faints, Natalya suddenly realises his purpose and hurriedly agrees to the proposal out of panic. Even after the engagement, the arguments continue, proving that disputes only complicate matters instead of resolving them. “Half-baked knowledge is always dangerous. Rushing to conclusions without going deep into the details of things always leads to uninvited chaos and disasters.” Explain the statement in the light of Think-Tank’s interpretation of the rhymes in Mother Goose from The Book that Saved the Earth. Answer: The play The Book that Saved the Earth  clearly shows how half-baked knowledge can be dangerous through Think-Tank’s actions. He reads the harmless rhymes of Mother Goose  but misunderstands them completely. For example, he interprets the line “Mistress Mary, quite contrary” as evidence of Earth’s violent nature and “Humpty Dumpty” as a symbol of a powerful weapon. Without trying to understand the cultural or literary context, Think-Tank jumps to fearful conclusions. His shallow understanding creates panic among the Martians and almost leads to an unnecessary invasion of Earth. Instead of verifying facts or seeking explanation, he acts on assumptions. The play humorously proves that lack of proper understanding and haste in judgement can cause confusion, fear, and potential disaster, while careful thinking can prevent chaos. Why did Mandela feel that liberation was important for both the oppressor and the oppressed?(Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom) Answer : Mandela believed that oppression harms both sides. The oppressed are robbed of freedom and dignity, while the oppressor becomes a prisoner of hatred and prejudice. He felt that true humanity and peace can exist only when both the oppressor and the oppressed are liberated from injustice. Why was Valli’s excitement on the bus dampened on her return journey ? (Madam Rides the Bus) Valli’s excitement was dampened when she saw a cow lying dead on the road during her return journey. Earlier, the running cow had amused her, but now the sight of its death shocked and saddened her. This incident made her realise the harsh reality of life and took away her joy. What does the poet mean by the phrase “And no one buys a ball back”?(The Ball Poem) Answer: The poet means that some losses in life are permanent and cannot be replaced. Just as the boy’s ball, once lost, cannot be bought back, certain things like innocence, childhood joys, or loved ones are gone forever. Through this line, the poet teaches the boy to accept loss and learn responsibility. Q. “The loss of the ball is a lesson to the boy.” Elaborate.(The Ball Poem) Answer : The loss of the ball teaches the boy an important lesson about life. The poet says, “Balls will be lost always,”  showing that loss is inevitable. Through this incident, the boy learns to accept loss, control his emotions, and understand that some things cannot be replaced, which is a step towards maturity and responsibility. Why, according to Mandela, was it important to learn to hate?(Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom) Answer: Mandela explains that no one is born hating others because of race or religion; hatred is learned. He says that if people can learn to hate, they can also be taught to love. This idea gives hope that hatred created by apartheid can be unlearned and replaced with love and humanity. Why does the author refer to Coorg as the “kingdom of heaven”?(Glimpses of India – Coorg) Answer: The author calls Coorg the “kingdom of heaven”  because of its natural beauty and peaceful atmosphere. He describes it as a land of rolling hills, evergreen rainforests, coffee plantations, and fresh, invigorating air. The misty landscape, wildlife, and pleasant climate make Coorg appear like a paradise on earth. Valli found joy and fascination in the simple act of watching the bus pass through her village. What does this reveal about her perspective on life and her surroundings?(Madam Rides the Bus) Answer: Valli’s fascination with watching the bus shows her curious and observant nature. She finds happiness in small, everyday events, which reveals her imaginative mind and eagerness to explore the world beyond her village. This simple pleasure also reflects her innocence and desire to learn about life from her surroundings. Describe how the poem “The Trees” brings out the conflict between man and nature. Answer: The poem “The Trees”  highlights the conflict between man and nature by showing trees trapped inside houses, away from their natural environment. These trees struggle to break free from human control, as seen in lines describing roots breaking floors and branches pushing against walls. Nature resists confinement and reclaims its space by moving back to the forest. The poet suggests that humans exploit nature for decoration and comfort, while nature seeks freedom and balance. This silent struggle reflects man’s domination over nature and nature’s powerful urge to liberate itself and restore harmony. How did Valli manage to gather information about the bus ride she was planning? (Madam Rides the Bus) Answer: Valli gathered information by carefully listening to the conversations of elders and passengers who travelled by bus. She asked discreet questions and noted details like the fare, distance, and travel time. The text mentions that she listened “with rapt attention,” showing her sharp observation and determination to plan the journey independently. Q. Analyze how Wells employs humour, rhyme, and exaggerated traits to not only entertain but also educate readers about various wild animals.(How to Tell Wild Animals) Answer: Carolyn Wells uses humour, rhyme, and exaggeration to make learning about wild animals enjoyable and memorable. The playful rhyme scheme gives the poem a light, rhythmic flow that entertains readers. Exaggerated traits—such as the tiger eating you, the leopard attacking repeatedly, or the bear hugging tightly—create comic effect while clearly highlighting each animal’s dangerous nature. Irony, like the hyena laughing while killing or the crocodile shedding false tears, adds wit. Through this humorous approach, Wells educates readers about animal behaviour in a simple, engaging, and unforgettable way, especially for young learners. Why does the author use the phrase “that drove a law-abiding citizen to become a criminal” to describe Mandela?(Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom) Answer: Mandela uses this phrase to highlight the injustice of apartheid laws. He was a law-abiding citizen who believed in following the law. However, when these laws denied basic freedom and dignity to his people, he was compelled to oppose them. His actions became illegal under apartheid, but they were morally right and necessary in the struggle for justice and equality. Q. Mention two points of difference between a Bengal tiger and an Asiatic lion.(How to Tell Wild Animals) Answer: The Bengal tiger  is identified by its black stripes on a yellow coat, while the Asiatic lion  is recognised by its loud roar. The tiger attacks silently and fiercely, whereas the lion’s presence is known immediately because of its roaring before it attacks. Q. How does the author support the view that the people of Coorg are possibly of Arabic descent?(Glimpses of India – Coorg) Answer: The author supports this view by referring to the traditional dress of the Kodavus. He mentions that they wear a long black coat with an embroidered waist-belt called kuppia , which closely resembles the kuffia  worn by Arabs and Kurds. This similarity in attire suggests a possible Arabic origin of the Coorg people. Q. How does modern India recognise the tradition of courage and bravery in Coorgi culture?(Glimpses of India) Answer: Modern India recognises Coorgi bravery through their strong military tradition. The text mentions that the Coorg Regiment  is one of the most decorated in the Indian Army. It also notes that General Cariappa , India’s first Army Chief, was a Coorgi, honouring their legacy of courage. Q. Valli emerges as a meticulous planner. Elaborate with evidence from the text.(Madam Rides the Bus) Answer: Valli emerges as a meticulous planner through her careful preparation for the bus journey. She listens attentively to conversations of passengers to gather details about the fare, distance, and travel time. She saves money by resisting temptations like sweets and toys. Valli plans the exact timing of the trip so that she can return before her mother notices her absence, showing her careful planning and determination. Q. Why does Nelson Mandela feel very strongly about an “extraordinary human disaster”?(Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom) Answer: Nelson Mandela feels strongly about the “extraordinary human disaster”  because it refers to apartheid, which caused immense suffering, racial discrimination, and loss of human dignity for decades. He calls it a disaster as it damaged not only the oppressed people of South Africa but also the moral fabric of the entire nation. Q. Explain the meaning of the statement:“Not from weeping or from grieving will anyone obtain peace of mind; on the contrary his pain will be greater and his body will suffer.”(The Sermon at Benares) Answer: This statement means that excessive grief and lamentation do not bring peace. Instead, constant weeping increases mental pain and affects physical health. The Buddha teaches that sorrow cannot revive the dead. True peace of mind comes only by accepting death as a universal truth and by giving up attachment and selfish grief, as Kisa Gotami eventually realises. Q. The story “Mijbil the Otter” has it all—emotions, humour, surprising incidents, and the freshness of a new and unique type of story. Explain how Maxwell has highlighted these elements in his story.(Mijbil the Otter) Answer: Maxwell highlights emotions  through his deep affection for Mijbil and his anxiety during the difficult journey to England. Humour  appears in Mijbil’s playful habits, such as sliding into the bathtub and inventing games with objects. Surprising incidents  include Mijbil’s escape during the flight, creating panic. The story feels fresh and unique  because it presents an animal as an intelligent, curious companion, making the narrative lively, engaging, and different from ordinary animal stories. Q. The idea of beauty is a one-dimensional cultural conception created by human beings. Comment on this statement with reference to the poem “For Anne Gregory.”(For Anne Gregory) Answer: In “For Anne Gregory” , the poet challenges society’s narrow idea of beauty, which focuses mainly on physical appearance like golden hair. The speaker points out that such beauty is temporary and superficial. True beauty lies in inner qualities such as kindness, goodness, and character. Thus, the poem criticises the one-dimensional cultural view of beauty and promotes a deeper, more meaningful understanding of a person’s worth. Q. “He was not falling headlong now. He was soaring gradually downwards and outwards, he was no longer afraid.”Describe the young seagull’s feelings, emotions, and experiences just before this moment.(Two Stories about Flying) Answer: Just before this moment, the young seagull was overwhelmed by fear and self-doubt. He stood alone on the ledge, afraid that his wings would not support him. The text describes how he felt “weak and dizzy with hunger” and had lost hope of being fed. When his mother flew near him with a piece of fish, his hunger overpowered his fear. In desperation, he dived towards the food, expecting to fall. At first, he felt terrified, but as he flapped his wings, he realised that he was flying. This discovery replaced fear with confidence and joy, leading to the moment described in the line. Question: What did Buddha say about death and suffering? Explain this with reference to the story “A Sermon at Benares”. Answer: Buddha said that death and suffering are universal and unavoidable. He taught that grieving cannot bring the dead back and only increases pain. As a passing reference, he sent Kisa Gotami to bring mustard seeds from a house where no one had died, making her realise that death touches every family. He also compared human life to earthen vessels that must one day break, explaining the certainty of death. Q. Mijbil the Otter is portrayed as an intelligent, friendly, playful, and social animal who thrives on affection. Discuss how these traits are depicted in the story.(Mijbil the Otter) Answer Mijbil’s intelligence is shown when he invents games like rolling a rubber ball and pushing it into corners to retrieve it. His playful nature appears in his love for water, as he enjoys plunging into the bathtub and playing with taps. Mijbil is friendly, affectionate, and highly social. He follows the author everywhere, sleeps close to him, and later mixes easily with strangers on the flight, showing his sociable nature. His happiness clearly depends on human company, care, and affection. Q4. How does the poet present the concept of beauty in the poem For Anne Gregory? Answer: The poet challenges the conventional idea that beauty lies in physical appearance. He suggests that people are often loved for outer beauty, like Anne’s yellow hair. However, true and lasting beauty lies in inner qualities such as kindness and goodness, which alone can make someone lovable for who they truly are. Question:“The fog comes on little feet.” Highlight the significance of the metaphor used in the poem Fog by Carl Sandburg. Answer: The poet compares the fog to a cat that enters silently on “little feet,” highlighting its quiet and unnoticed arrival. Like a cat, the fog comes softly, sits over the city and harbour, and then moves away without sound. This metaphor makes the fog seem alive and graceful, helping readers visualise its slow movement and understand nature in a simple, imaginative way. Set 2/1/1 ( All India 2024) (i) What mood of the poet is reflected in the poem 'Dust of Snow' initially? What images are used by the poet to bring about the effect? Initially, the poet is in a gloomy and dejected mood, reflecting despair. The images of a crow and the hemlock tree, traditionally associated with negativity, bring about a contrast as they ultimately lead to a positive change in the poet's mood. (ii) How far would you agree that one's positivity can bring in a spark of brightness even in adverse circumstances? In "The Black Aeroplane," the pilot’s positivity and determination help him navigate through the storm. His optimism allows him to trust the mysterious black aeroplane, showcasing how faith and positivity can illuminate even the darkest situations. (iii) What makes Custard, the dragon, look fearsome? Explain. Custard, the dragon, appears fearsome due to his physical features: sharp claws, spikes on his tail, large teeth, and fiery breath. These characteristics are typical of a fierce dragon, although his timid nature contrasts this appearance humorously. (iv) Explain why the speaker mentions God in the poem "For Anne Gregory." The speaker mentions God to emphasize the idea that true love transcends physical appearance. Only God, being impartial and divine, loves individuals for their inner qualities, unlike humans, who often judge based on external beauty. (v) What message might the Buddha's story hold for those in positions of power and privilege? Buddha’s story in "The Sermons at Benares" teaches that power and privilege cannot shield one from suffering and death. It emphasizes the universality of human grief and encourages compassion, humility, and service toward alleviating others’ suffering. (vi) Scientists contribute to making the world a better place. Griffin is an antithesis to this statement. Griffin misuses science for personal gain, causing harm and chaos. His invisibility experiment, rather than benefiting humanity, leads to unethical acts like theft and assault. Unlike true scientists who seek progress, Griffin's selfishness and lack of morality make him an antithesis to this ideal. (vii) Why did Bholi's teacher feel like an artist admiring her masterpiece? Bholi's teacher felt immense pride as Bholi overcame her fear and stood up for herself during her marriage. The teacher’s efforts transformed a timid, stammering girl into a confident, self-respecting individual, making her feel like an artist admiring her masterpiece of empowerment. (viii) What is the twist at the end of the story "The Necklace"? The twist reveals that the necklace Madame Loisel borrowed was fake, worth only a few hundred francs. This irony underlines her unnecessary suffering and hardship over ten years, highlighting the futility of vanity and the consequences of dishonesty. Long answer-Type Questions | 6 Marks | 120-150 Words Q3. How did the lady in red manage to outsmart and out maneuver the other thief, Horace Danby, by robbing the safe without leaving a single fingerprint. (A Question of Trust) The lady in red outsmarted Horace Danby by pretending to be the mistress of the house, catching him red-handed while robbing the safe. Cleverly using her charm and wit, she convinced him to open the safe for her, claiming she had forgotten the combination. To ensure no fingerprints were left, she used gloves, a detail Horace realized only later. Her meticulous planning and quick thinking allowed her to rob the safe without arousing suspicion or leaving evidence. By exploiting Horace’s gullibility and his mistaken trust in her identity, she successfully executed the heist, leaving Horace to take the blame. Q4. Hari Singh says "He knew it but neither his lips nor his eyes showed anything." Anil successfully addressed the situation by not addressing it at all. Elaborate based on your reading of The Thief's Story. In The Thief's Story , when Hari Singh says, "He knew it but neither his lips nor his eyes showed anything," he refers to Anil's calm and nonchalant reaction after discovering that Hari had stolen money from him. Despite knowing Hari's intention, Anil chooses not to confront him directly, choosing instead to handle the situation with subtlety and understanding. Anil's response, or lack thereof, is significant. Instead of scolding Hari or making him feel guilty, Anil simply acts as though nothing has happened, continuing to trust him without words. This approach allows Hari to reflect on his own actions without feeling cornered or defensive. Anil’s kindness and non-judgmental attitude create an opportunity for Hari to change. By not addressing the theft openly, Anil addresses the issue in a way that fosters growth, trust, and self-awareness, leading to Hari’s eventual realization about the value of honesty and integrity. Set 2/1/2 ( All India 2024) Q1. Why was Madam Loisel shocked at the end of the story? Ans: Madame Loisel was shocked at the end of The Necklace  when she discovered that the necklace she had borrowed from her friend, Madame Forestier, was a fake. After losing the necklace and spending ten years in hardship to replace it, she learned that the original necklace was not made of real diamonds but was, in fact, a much cheaper imitation. This revelation stunned her because all the suffering she endured—working hard, living in poverty, and sacrificing her comfort—was based on the belief that she had lost an expensive, genuine piece of jewellery. The irony and the futility of her struggles became clear to her at that moment. Set 2/1/3 ( All India 2024)   Q1. What is common about the role that Dr. Urquhart and Mr. Weiherer played in Richard Ebright's life? Describe any one commonality with evidence from the text "The Making of a Scientist" Ans: In The Making of a Scientist , both Dr. Urquhart and Mr. Weiherer played pivotal roles in shaping Richard Ebright's scientific journey by encouraging his curiosity and providing guidance. One commonality between them is their ability to inspire and challenge Ebright. Dr. Urquhart, a mentor to Ebright, encouraged his interest in science and nurtured his talents. He introduced him to the world of science and offered valuable insights, such as when he gave Ebright a book on science, which deepened his passion. Similarly, Mr. Weiherer, a teacher who pushed Ebright academically, challenged him to think critically and improve his work. He was particularly instrumental in motivating Ebright to enter a science fair by supporting his research on the monarch butterfly. Both individuals played a crucial role in guiding Ebright toward scientific excellence, making them key figures in his development as a scientist. Their encouragement was essential to his achievements. Set 2/2/1 ( All India 2024) Q1. Briefly bring out the contrast between the young seagull's initial attempts to fly and his first successful flight. Ans: IInitially, the young seagull was terrified of flying, doubting his ability despite his siblings’ success. Fear kept him grounded. However, hunger pushed him to leap, and with encouragement from his family, he discovered the joy of flight. His first successful flight was a triumphant, fearless glide over the sea, showcasing newfound confidence. Q2. Ogden Nash uses vivid imagery in 'The Tale of Custard the Dragon' to appeal to the senses. Elaborate the imagery used for the Pirate. The pirate is described vividly with “black beard” and “one leg,” creating a menacing image. His presence is further emphasized with a “cutlass bright” that glints like lightning. This imagery captures his fearsome nature, appealing to visual and tactile senses, heightening the tension. LONG ANSWER-TYPE QUESTIONS | 120 WORDS | 6 MARKS Q1. A desire is more personal whereas a vision has broader connotations. You have been asked to present an analysis of Valli's desire and Mandela's vision and how they are respectively fulfilled. Write this presentation draft including your insights, in about 120 words, comparing the approaches of both Valli and Mandela. Ans: One acknowledges that both Valli and Mandela pursued aspirations, yet their motivations and scopes differed significantly. Valli’s desire in Madam Rides the Bus  was deeply personal, driven by her childlike curiosity and longing for adventure. Her singular focus was to experience a bus ride to the town and back. She planned meticulously, saving money and ensuring secrecy to fulfill her wish. Her desire reflects innocence and determination on a small, individual scale. In contrast, Mandela’s vision in A Long Walk to Freedom  was far-reaching, aimed at ending apartheid and ensuring freedom for all South Africans. His vision stemmed from a sense of justice and responsibility. Unlike Valli’s solitary approach, Mandela worked collaboratively, sacrificing personal happiness for collective freedom. Both achieved their goals, but Mandela’s journey impacted millions, while Valli’s fulfilled a personal dream. Together, they show how determination, whether personal or visionary, leads to achievement. Q1. What does Mr. Herriot mean by "happy period for himself and his partners"? Mr. Herriot refers to the time when Tricki was recovering at the surgery. Tricki’s limited food and playful environment improved his health, making him active. For Herriot and his partners, Tricki’s transformation was joyful, as it added a cheerful presence and a shared sense of accomplishment. Q2. Justify how Ebright's mother played an important part in his becoming a scientist. Ebright’s mother played a crucial role in shaping his journey as a scientist by fostering his curiosity and love for learning. She supported his early interests by buying him a microscope, guiding him in collecting butterflies, and encouraging him to explore nature. When Ebright showed interest in scientific research, she provided him with books, such as The Travels of Monarch X , which inspired him to study butterflies deeply. Q3. A well-known book of nursery rhymes saved the world from a Martian invasion. In The Book That Saved the Earth , "Mother Goose" nursery rhymes confuse the Martians. They misinterpret the rhyme “Mistress Mary”  as Earth’s strategy to grow weapons. Their leader, Think-Tank, orders a retreat, believing Earth is far superior, humorously highlighting the book's role in saving humanity. LONG ANSWER-TYPE QUESTIONS | 120 WORDS | 6 MARKS Q1. A character arc is the transformation or development of a character throughout a story and refers to the changes a character undergoes as a result of their experiences, challenges, and interactions with other characters. In the light of the above information, trace the character arc of Matilda in Guy De Maupassants' "The Necklace', in about 120 words. Ans: Matilda’s character arc in The Necklace  showcases her transformation from a vain, dissatisfied woman to a humble, resigned individual. At the beginning of the story, Matilda Loisel is consumed by her desire for wealth and social status, feeling trapped in her modest life. Her yearning for luxury leads her to borrow a necklace to attend a grand party, where she momentarily enjoys the admiration and elegance she craves. However, when she loses the necklace, her life changes drastically. Matilda and her husband endure years of poverty and hard labor to repay the debt for replacing it. This experience humbles her, stripping away her superficial desires and teaching her the harsh realities of life. By the end, Matilda has aged and transformed into a hard-working, self-sacrificing woman. Her final encounter with Madame Forestier reveals the irony of her struggles, cementing her emotional and moral growth through the challenges she faced. Set 2/2/2 ( All India 2024) Q1. The baker and his family never starved. Elaborate. (Glimpses of India) The baker held an indispensable role in Goan society, providing bread for every occasion, from weddings to feasts. This ensured a steady income. The frequent visits of the baker, marked by the jingling bamboo, reflect how his trade thrived, securing his family's sustenance and making him a vital community figure. Q2. Ogden Nash's 'The Tale of Custard The Dragon' is a humorous ballad song on a poem that tells a story. Justify. Ans: The poem humorously narrates the adventures of Custard, the cowardly dragon, using playful rhyme and exaggerated characters. Despite being mocked for his timidity, Custard defeats the pirate, showcasing his bravery. The light-hearted tone, whimsical imagery, and moral twist make it a delightful and humorous storytelling ballad. Set 2/2/3 ( All India 2024) Q1. The most laid back individuals become converts to the life of high- energy adventure. Elaborate with reference to Coorg. (Glimpses of India) Coorg, with its rugged hills, rivers, and dense forests, inspires even the laziest individuals to embrace adventure. Activities like river rafting, rock climbing, and trekking beckon visitors. The region's breathtaking natural beauty and adrenaline-pumping experiences transform tranquility into high-energy enthusiasm for outdoor exploration and excitement. Q2. Bring out the central idea of the poem. "The Tale of Custard the Dragon'. Ans: Ogden Nash's poem highlights that true bravery often lies hidden beneath outward appearances. Custard, mocked as a coward, emerges as the true hero when danger arises. The poem conveys that actions, not appearances, define courage, using humour and whimsical storytelling to challenge stereotypes about strength and valour. Set 2/3/1 ( All India 2024) Q1. Explain the irony in the chapter, "A Letter to God". The irony lies in Lencho’s unwavering faith in God and his distrust of humans. The postmaster and his staff, out of kindness, collect money to help Lencho. However, Lencho believes God sent only part of the amount and accuses the very people who helped him of stealing the rest. Q2. "During our childhood in Goa, the baker used to be our friend, companion and guide." What does this statement imply in relation to the character of the baker? (Glimpses of India) The statement highlights the baker’s sociable and caring nature. He was a regular visitor, coming twice daily, and built a friendly rapport with the children. He played with them, talked to them, and guided them on good behaviour, becoming an integral part of their lives and childhood memories in Goa. Q3. It is our attitude towards a situation that makes it positive or negative. Do you agree with it? Express your views with reference to the poem, Dust of Snow', Yes, I agree that our attitude towards a situation determines whether it becomes positive or negative. In the poem Dust of Snow , the poet, initially in a sorrowful mood, experiences a shift in perspective when a crow shakes the dust of snow onto him. Despite the seemingly negative images—such as the crow and the hemlock tree—his attitude changes, and he feels uplifted. The external factors, although dark or somber, do not dictate his emotional response. Instead, his changed outlook transforms the moment into something positive, helping him forget his troubles. This reflects the power of our attitude in shaping our experiences. Q4. Belinda and other animals have been described as brave. But on seeing the pirate they behaved in a cowardly way. How did they react? (A Tale of Custard, The Dragon) In A Tale of Custard the Dragon , when the pirate appears, Belinda and her pets, typically portrayed as brave, react with fear. Belinda turns pale and begins crying, while the cat, mouse, and even the dog, Custard, run and hide in terror. This contrast to their usual courage adds a humorous twist to the poem. Q5. Flying is a natural act in birds. Then why was the young seagull 'exhausted by the strange exercise? Justify the given statement with reference to baby seagull's fear. (His First Flight) In His First Flight , the young seagull was exhausted by the strange exercise of flying not because flying itself is unnatural, but due to his fear and emotional state. His hesitation and timidity made him doubt his ability to fly, and he feared that his wings wouldn't support him. This fear and reluctance prevented him from successfully taking flight initially, contributing to his physical and emotional exhaustion. The young seagull’s fear held him back, making the simple act of flying feel overwhelming. LONG ANSWER-TYPE QUESTIONS | 120 WORDS | 6 MARKS Footprints without Feet ( Supplementary Reader) Q1. Do you think Bholi could have confidently refused to marry Bishamber if she wasn't educated? Give reasons. (Bholi) No, I don’t think Bholi could have confidently refused to marry Bishamber if she wasn’t educated. Education gave her the confidence and strength to assert herself. It helped her rationalize the situation, making her aware of her worth. Through education, she became resolute and determined, enabling her to stand up for herself and reject the marriage proposal. Q2. Who was Henry? What role did he play in Ausable's plan ? (The Midnight Visitor) Ans: Henry was a waiter at the French hotel where Ausable had a room. He played a crucial role in Ausable’s plan by helping create a distraction. When Henry knocked at the door, it frightened Max, the intruder, who mistakenly thought it was a policeman. This allowed Ausable to outwit Max, as the threat of law enforcement made Max hesitant and confused, ultimately aiding Ausable in neutralizing the situation. Henry’s timely involvement helped turn the tables on Max, contributing to Ausable’s clever ruse. Q3.  How did Think Tank interpret the following nursery rhyme ? "How does your garden grow with cockic shells and silver bells? (The Book that Saved the Earth) In The Book that Saved the Earth , Think Tank, the Martian, misinterprets the innocent nursery rhyme "How does your garden grow with cockle shells and silver bells?" as a potential threat to Martians. He believes that Earthlings, with their advanced technology, are capable of growing crops made of rare metals and high explosives. His misinterpretation stems from his ignorance of Earth's simple culture, making him perceive harmless things like "cockle shells" and "silver bells" as dangerous and powerful. This humorous misunderstanding highlights the theme of cultural confusion between the Martians and Earthlings. Q1. Griffin's brilliance as a man of science fades before his darker traits. Give reasons from the text to support your answer. (Footprints Without Feet) Ans: Griffin’s brilliance as a scientist fades before his darker traits, which ultimately overshadow his achievements. Brilliance: Griffin was a brilliant scientist who invented the method of invisibility, showcasing his intellectual prowess. Darker Side: Despite his scientific genius, Griffin misused his abilities for personal gain and crime. He began looting, killing, and creating chaos. He set his landlord’s house on fire to escape and avoid being caught. Griffin stole food and clothes from a London store, committed theft from a theatrical company, and took money from a clergyman’s house to pay his bills. He used his intellect for selfish and harmful purposes rather than for the betterment of humanity. In conclusion, Griffin’s brilliance in science was overshadowed by his darker tendencies, as he used his knowledge for unethical and criminal activities rather than contributing positively to society. Q2. Hari Singh says "He knew it but neither his lips nor his eyes showed anything." Anil successfully addressed the situation by not addressing it all. Elaborate based on your reading of 'The Thief's Story.' In "The Thief's Story,"  Hari Singh regrets stealing money from Anil, but Anil handles the situation with remarkable calm and understanding. Although Anil knew Hari was a thief, he chose not to confront him or show anger. The next morning, instead of addressing the theft, Anil continued his usual behavior by offering Hari a cup of tea. He neither mentioned the incident nor expressed any displeasure. This non-reaction from Anil, who remained composed and kind, had a profound impact on Hari. He realized that Anil’s trust in him wasn’t contingent on his actions, but on his potential for change. This approach, where Anil did not address the theft directly, helped Hari reflect on his own moral failings and ultimately decide to return the stolen money. Anil’s wisdom in not reacting allowed Hari to confront his guilt and change his ways, highlighting the power of trust and compassion in reforming a person. Set 2/3/2 ( All India 2024) Q1. 'Richie was my whole life after his father died,'' said Richard's mother. Describe Richard Ebright's relationship with his mother. ( The Making of a Scientist) Ans" Richard Ebright's relationship with his mother was extremely close, supportive, and encouraging. After the death of his father, Richard’s mother became his main source of support and guidance. She took a keen interest in his development and fueled his curiosity. She encouraged his scientific interests from a young age, taking him on trips, buying him a microscope, telescope, and camera. These gifts not only satisfied his intellectual curiosity but also nurtured his passion for science. Her constant encouragement and willingness to invest in his education played a pivotal role in his eventual success as a scientist. Set 2/3/3 ( All India 2024) Q. Horace Danby was a typical thief . Describe how he planned his work ( A Question of Trust) Ans: Horace Danby meticulously planned his thefts each year. He studied the target houses, observing electric wiring, paths, and gardens. His goal was to steal rare, expensive books, and he ensured his heist was well-timed and carefully executed. He stole just enough to last him for twelve months. Set 2/4/1 ( All India 2023) Q1. Nelson Mandela in his inauguration speech says, we, who were outlaws not so long ago, have today been given the rare privilege to be host to the nations of the world on our own soil. What is the significance of this statement with reference to the political system that prevailed before this ? (Nelson Mandela Long Walk to Freedom) Ans: In his inauguration speech, Nelson Mandela highlights the profound transformation South Africa underwent from a system of apartheid to a democratic society. Before the end of apartheid, South Africa was a nation marked by racial segregation, where black South Africans were oppressed and denied basic rights. As a result, Mandela and many others were labelled "outlaws" and imprisoned for challenging this unjust system. The statement signifies the remarkable shift that occurred—South Africa, once politically isolated and regarded with disdain by the international community, was now hosting global leaders. This was a victory for justice, human dignity, and peace, as the country had transitioned from a system of racial discrimination to one of equality and democracy. Q2. The Ball Poem initially appears simple but it is actually quite impactful and intense. Comment upon the theme of The Ball Poem . "The Ball Poem" explores the theme of loss and the emotional journey that comes with it. The poem reflects the transition from childhood to adulthood, emphasizing the importance of taking responsibility for material losses. Through the loss of a ball, the speaker learns to cope with sorrow and gain maturity. Q3.  What a burden, Lord, to be the father of a grown-up daughter! Explain what this line conveys about Chubukov as a father. (The Proposal) Ans: The line "What a burden, Lord, to be the father of a grown-up daughter!" conveys Chubukov's frustration and concern as a father. He struggles to accept his daughter’s maturity and finds it difficult to manage her behavior. His words suggest he sees her more as a burden or commodity, rather than a person, revealing his inability to relate to her as an adult. Q4. In every alternate stanza, Amanda drifts into fantasy and yearns for more freedom and silence. Justify and elaborate the reason. (Amanda) Ans: In the poem "Amanda" , the protagonist drifts into fantasy to escape the constant nagging and control of her mother. She feels suffocated and stressed by the restrictions imposed on her, and as a result, she imagines herself as someone else, such as Rapunzel, who enjoys solitude, or as an orphan, who is free from responsibilities. These fantasies provide her with a sense of silence, autonomy, and freedom, offering a stark contrast to her real life, where she is constantly monitored and reprimanded. Through these imagined escapes, Amanda yearns for a life of peace and independence. Footprints without Feet ( Supplementary Reader) Q1. We are often over-indulgent towards people we care about. Explain with reference to the context of the story A Triumph of Surgery . Mrs. Pumphrey’s excessive love for Tricki made her overindulgent. She overfed and pampered him, causing obesity and health issues. Despite Dr. Herriot’s warnings, she couldn’t restrain herself, assuming Tricki’s lethargy was due to lack of energy, further worsening his condition. Her indulgence highlights the consequences of misplaced affection. Q2. How did Apprentice Noodle act smartly by suggesting something about the book without offending Think-Tank ? (The Book That Saved The Earth) Apprentice Noodle acted smartly by addressing Think-Tank respectfully as “Great and Mighty Think-Tank” and seeking permission before sharing his idea. He described his suggestion as an “insignificant bit of data,” carefully flattering Think-Tank while presenting it as a possibility rather than a certainty. This approach avoided offending Think-Tank. Q3. Despite his unusual appearance, Ausable's presence of mind helped him get rid of Max. Comment with reference to the story The Midnight Visitor . Ans: Despite his unassuming and sloppy appearance, Ausable's sharp wit and presence of mind saved the day in The Midnight Visitor . While he did not fit the stereotype of a secret agent, his intelligence and quick thinking enabled him to outsmart Max. By fabricating a story about a non-existent balcony, Ausable unnerved Max, who panicked and fell to his demise. This highlights how appearances can be deceptive and that true strength lies in one's intellect and resourcefulness. LONG ANSWER-TYPE QUESTIONS | 6 MARKS | 120 WORDS Q1. Imagine that Hari Singh from The Thief s Story by Ruskin Bond, writes a diary entry, exploring the theme of human values and relations that are essential in life and can transform a person in the context of his own experience. Write this diary entry as Hari Singh. (The Thief s Story) Nov 25, 2024 11:00 PM Dear Diary, Today, I find myself reflecting deeply on how human values and relationships have the power to transform a person. When I first met Anil at the wrestling match, my intentions were clear—to win his trust and rob him. I became his servant, doing odd jobs, but Anil’s kindness was unlike anything I had encountered. He overlooked my mistakes and even taught me to cook, read, and write. He trusted me completely, giving me money to watch movies and even the spare key to the house. Yet, when he brought home a bundle of notes, my old habits resurfaced, and I stole the money. At the railway station, ready to escape, I missed the train, and for the first time, I felt conflicted. Anil’s trust and generosity haunted me. I couldn’t betray someone so kind. Returning the money wasn’t easy, but it felt right. His belief in me transformed who I am today. Good deeds and trust truly hold the power to change lives. -Hari Q2.   A character arc is the transformation or development of a character throughout a story and refers to the changes a character undergoes as a result of his/her experiences, challenges and interactions with other characters. In the light of the above information, trace the character arc of Bholi in K.A. Abbas Bhol Ans: Bholi's Character Arc: Bholi’s journey in K.A. Abbas’ Bholi  is a remarkable tale of transformation. Neglected and Vulnerable Childhood Bholi was a simple and sensitive child who faced neglect due to her physical and speech impairments. After a childhood injury and a bout of smallpox, her face bore pockmarks, and her stammer made her a target of ridicule. These hardships left her timid and scared, especially when her parents sent her to school. Determined Learner Initially reluctant, Bholi began working hard at school. With the constant encouragement and love of her teacher, she grew more confident. Her education was not just academic but also personal, as it instilled a sense of self-worth and independence in her. Courageous and Independent Woman When her dowry-demanding suitor humiliated her, Bholi boldly refused the marriage. She assured her parents of her support, declaring her intention to teach and lead a self-sufficient life. Thus, Bholi’s journey exemplifies resilience, proving that education and encouragement can empower even the most vulnerable. Set 2/4/2/ | All India 2024 Q1. What argument do Lomov and Natalya give over the superiority of their dogs, Guess and Squeezer ? (The Proposal) Lomov and Natalya argue about their dogs' superiority in The Proposal . Lomov praises Guess for being firm-footed, well-ribbed, and a hunting dog who rivaled the Count’s dog. He calls Squeezer an overshot. Natalya counters by emphasizing Squeezer’s pedigree, being the son of Harness and Chisels, young, thoroughbred, and with untapped potential, dismissing Guess as old and ugly. Q2. In the poem Amanda , why does the poet use the famous fairy tale character, Rapunzel ? Explain. (Amanda) Ans: In the poem Amanda , the poet refers to the fairy tale character Rapunzel to symbolize Amanda's desire for isolation and freedom. Rapunzel lived peacefully in a tower, away from the world’s interference. Similarly, Amanda wishes to escape her mother's constant nagging and imagines life in a tower as serene and free from any disturbance. Set 2/4/3/ | All India 2024 Q1. Lomov and Natalya trade charges against each other about the ownership of Meadows. Explain. (The Proposal) Ans: Lomov and Natalya argue bitterly over the ownership of Oxen Meadows in The Proposal . Lomov claims ownership based on family documents, stating his aunt’s grandmother had permitted Natalya’s ancestors to use the land in exchange for bricks, but they later treated it as their property. Natalya counters, accusing Lomov of exaggeration and defending her family’s management of the land to enhance its productivity. Q2. In one instance, Amanda considers herself to be an orphan. What connotation does it entail ? (Amanda) In Amanda , when Amanda considers herself an orphan, it connotes her desire for freedom and escape from her mother’s constant nagging. An orphan is typically unmonitored and unsupervised, which symbolizes the peace and independence Amanda yearns for. She imagines that being an orphan would grant her the freedom to live without interference and enjoy a peaceful, carefree life. Set 2/5/1 | All India 2024 Q1. Maxwell decides to keep an otter as a pet. Elucidate with reference to the fact that owning a pet is a life of commitment. (Mijbil the Otter) In Mijbil the Otter , Maxwell's decision to keep an otter as a pet reflects the life-long commitment that pet ownership entails. When he brought Mijbil home, it marked the beginning of a new phase in Maxwell's life. He had to understand Mijbil’s habits and behaviors, adjust his living space to accommodate the otter, and modify his daily routine to meet Mijbil’s needs. Additionally, Maxwell had to endure various comments and opinions from others about his unconventional pet, highlighting the responsibilities and challenges of owning a pet. This illustrates that having a pet requires dedication and a willingness to adapt one’s life. Q2. The Tale of Custard -the Dragon ' is a humorous ballad. ' How does Ogden Nash create humour and entertainment in the poem ? In The Tale of Custard the Dragon , Ogden Nash creates humor and entertainment through several techniques: Use of non-standard language : Nash uses playful, informal language and rhymes, such as "Belinda was as brave as a barrel full of bears," adding a whimsical tone to the poem. Vivid and funny imagery : The descriptions of the pirate and characters, like "a pirate, with a wooden leg," are exaggerated and humorous, creating a sense of absurdity. Ironic humour : The characters are portrayed as brave but are ironically shown to flee at the first sign of danger, particularly the "cowardly" lion and the "brave" Belinda. The humorous contrast between their bravery and their actions adds to the lighthearted tone of the poem. Q3. Justify the title of the play "The Proposal' with reference to the characters and plot. Ans: The title "The Proposal"  aptly reflects the central event of the play, which is Lomov's attempt to propose to Natalya. However, the proposal is not a simple romantic gesture, but a source of conflict and tension. It triggers a series of arguments between Lomov and Natalya, which center around issues of property, pride, and social status, notably the fight over the Oxen Meadows and their dogs. The proposal itself becomes a complicated negotiation, highlighting the absurdity and triviality of the characters' concerns, which drives the humor and action in the play. Thus, the title is both literal and symbolic, representing the proposal and the chaotic events that follow. Q4. The author says - During our childhood in Goa, the baker used to be our friend, companion and guide. Elaborate. (Glimpses of India) Ans: In Glimpses of India , the author describes the baker as an integral part of childhood in Goa. The baker was not just a vendor, but a friend, companion, and guide to the children. He made a musical entry with the jingling of his traditional bamboo stick, which the children eagerly awaited. His presence was cherished, and no celebration or special occasion in the household was complete without the sweet and savory treats prepared by the baker. His role went beyond selling baked goods—he was a part of the joy and tradition in the community. Q5. Do you think you can love a person for his/her inner beauty alone and not care about the physical appearance? Justify with reference to the theme of the poem 'For Anne Gregory'. Ans: In the poem For Anne Gregory , the theme of love and its connection to inner beauty is explored. (Write any one of the following points either 'Yes' if you agree or 'No' in case you disagree) Yes, you can love people for their inner beauty : Love for inner beauty is portrayed as a divine and pure form of love, transcending physical appearances. Anne herself acknowledges that external beauty is temporary, suggesting that true love should be based on deeper qualities rather than fleeting physical features. No, you cannot love people for their inner beauty : The young men in the poem are initially drawn to Anne only for her hair, illustrating that physical beauty often takes precedence in romantic attraction. The poet suggests that only God has the ability to look beyond external appearances, implying that human love is often influenced by surface-level traits. Thus, the poem presents both perspectives, highlighting the tension between the ideal of loving for inner beauty and the reality of superficial attraction. FOOTPRINTS WITHOUT FEET | SUPPLEMENTARY READER Q1. One should never judge a book by its cover. Explain with reference to Ausable and how he outwits Max with his presence of mind. (The Midnight Visitor) Ans: In The Midnight Visitor , the saying "One should never judge a book by its cover" is exemplified through the character of Ausable. Despite his appearance—being chubby, lethargic, messy, and clumsy—Ausable does not fit the typical image of a secret agent. However, when faced with a dangerous situation, he uses his presence of mind to outwit Max, a spy who plans to kill him. Ausable remains calm and composed, crafting a convincing story about the presence of a hidden agent in the next room. Max, believing the story, jumps out of the balcony in fear, thus allowing Ausable to escape unharmed. This highlights that appearances can be deceiving, and true strength lies in one’s intelligence and quick thinking. Q2. 'Horace Danby is a thief who was cheated by another thief'. Justify (A Question of Trust) Ans: In A Question of Trust , Horace Danby is indeed a thief who is cheated by another thief. He plans to rob a house and, unbeknownst to him, the lady he encounters at the house has the same intention. Disguised as the wife of the house owner, she manipulates Danby into believing that she is a legitimate part of the plan. While Danby focuses on his task, the lady takes the jewels and escapes. Ultimately, Danby is left to face the consequences, as the police arrest him, while the lady successfully carries out the crime. This scenario illustrates how Danby, a thief, was deceived and outsmarted by another thief. Q3.How can one say that Ebright s curiosity / inquisitiveness drove him to become a scientist ? (The Making of a Scientist) In The Making of a Scientist , Ebright's curiosity and inquisitiveness are key factors that drove him to become a scientist. His curiosity began with collecting butterflies, which sparked his interest in the natural world and led him to read extensively about them. Ebright's inquisitiveness pushed him to contact Dr. Urquhart, a scientist, to deepen his understanding of science at a young age. His relentless pursuit of knowledge culminated in a research project on butterflies, which ultimately led him to develop a new theory about the lives of cells. Thus, his curiosity fuelled his scientific journey, showing how inquisitiveness is essential to becoming a scientist. LONG ANSWER-TYPE QUESTIONS | 6 MARKS | 120 WORDS Q1. Imagine that Bholi writes a diary entry, exploring the themes of 'Girl Child' and 'Impact of Education', in the context of her own experiences. Write this dairy entry, as Bholi. Diary Entry – Bholi Nov 25, 2024 11: 00 PM Today, I reflect on how my life has changed, and I can't help but feel grateful for the one thing that transformed me—education. As a girl child, I was often seen as worthless. With pockmarks on my face, I was considered unmarriageable, and my worth was only tied to whether I could be married off. No one ever thought I could do anything beyond being a burden in my father’s house. But then, something changed when I started going to school. My teacher was kind and encouraging, and she made me believe that I had a voice. She taught me to read and write, and for the first time, I began to feel like I mattered. Through my education, I learned that I could stand up for myself. When I was asked to accept dowry, I refused, understanding that it was wrong. I even confronted my father when he humiliated me, realizing that education had given me the strength to challenge those who treated me unfairly. I now know that my value isn't defined by how I look or whether I can get married. I am more than that. I am strong, I am capable, and I have a future ahead of me, thanks to education. Bholi Q2. A character arc is the transformation or development of a character I throughout a story and refers to the changes a character undergoes as a result of his/her experiences, challenges and interactions with other characters. In light of the above information, trace the character arc of Griffin in H.G. Wells 'Footprints without Feet'. Ans: In Footprints without Feet  by H.G. Wells, Griffin's character arc traces a dramatic transformation from a brilliant scientist to a lawless and immoral individual. Griffin as a gifted scientist : Initially, Griffin is portrayed as an exceptionally gifted scientist. His intelligence and innovation lead him to discover a way to make himself invisible, an achievement that showcases his scientific prowess. Descent into lawlessness : However, instead of using his invention for good, Griffin chooses to use it for sinister purposes. His motivations shift from scientific curiosity to malicious intent. Psychopathic behavior : As the story progresses, Griffin's lack of empathy becomes evident. He shows a psychopathic disregard for the consequences of his actions, engaging in acts of violence and harm without any shame. Desire to cause harm : Griffin's descent into madness is marked by a desire to inflict harm, not for any specific goal, but for the sake of causing chaos and suffering. His actions reflect a complete loss of moral compass. Unlawful activities and harm to innocents : Griffin conducts a series of unlawful activities, including robbing, attacking innocent people, and creating fear in the community, further highlighting his moral decay. Failure to gain sympathy : Despite his intelligence and capabilities, Griffin fails to garner any sympathy due to his evil ways and complete disregard for others, marking a tragic end to his character arc. Through this transformation, Griffin’s character arc demonstrates the dangers of unchecked ambition and the consequences of using talent for selfish and destructive purposes. Set 2/5/2 | All India 2024 Q1. "Coorgi homes have a tradition of hospitality, and they are more than willing to recount numerous tales of valour related to their sons and fathers." Elaborate with reference to the chapter "Glimpses of India". Ans: Coorgi homes are known for their tradition of hospitality, where they gladly share stories of bravery. The Coorg Regiment of the Indian Army, one of the most decorated, is a testament to their valor. Additionally, General Cariappa, the first Chief of the Indian Army, was a Coorgi. The people of Coorg are believed to have descended from the soldiers of Alexander's military campaign and are the only group in India allowed to carry firearms without a license. Q2. "The Trees" is a symbolic poem and Adrienne Rich has used trees as a metaphor for human beings. What do they symbolize? Explain. Ans: In The Trees, Adrienne Rich uses trees as a metaphor for human beings, particularly for women, symbolizing their struggles and desires. Trees as s ymbols of people/women trapped by society : The trees represent individuals or women confined within societal norms, much like how trees are trapped inside a house, unable to grow freely. Neglected and left in the dark : Just as trees are left in the darkness of the house for too long, people or women are neglected and oppressed by society, often left without recognition or freedom. Desire for freedom : The trees pushing against the walls symbolize the longing for freedom and self-expression, as people or women yearn to break free from societal constraints and claim their rightful space in the world. Thus, Rich uses the trees to reflect on themes of entrapment, neglect, and the aspiration for liberation. Set 2/5/3 | All India 2024 Q1. The poem, "A Tiger in the Zoo" moves from the zoo to the jungle; and back again to the zoo. What effect does the poet want to bring out with this? Elaborate. Ans: In the poem A Tiger in the Zoo , the shift from the zoo to the jungle and back again emphasizes the theme of freedom versus captivity. Theme of freedom vs captivity : The jungle symbolizes the tiger’s natural freedom, while the zoo represents confinement and restraint. Longing for freedom : The poet uses the movement between the jungle and the zoo to highlight the tiger's deep yearning for freedom, contrasting the two settings. Contrast between the two habitats : Moving from the vast freedom of the jungle to the tight confinement of the cage intensifies the contrast, underscoring that the tiger’s true habitat is the jungle, not the zoo. Highlighting the loss of freedom : This movement serves to bring out the emotional impact of captivity, reminding the reader of the tiger's natural instincts and the tragedy of being locked away from its natural environment. Set 2/4/1/ | All India 2023 Q1. Why did the night after the rains turn sorrowful for Lencho? (A letter to God) Ans: The night turned sorrowful for Lencho because the hailstorm destroyed his entire crop, leaving him devastated. He lamented the loss as he had no other source of income. This natural disaster plunged him and his family into despair, fearing hunger and financial ruin. Q2. Describe the young seagull's first flight. (Two stories about flying) The young seagull, driven by hunger and encouraged by his family, finally overcame his fear of flying. His mother played a crucial role by deliberately tempting him with a fish, forcing him to leap off the ledge. Initially terrified, he soon gained confidence, soaring joyfully over the sea with his family celebrating his success. Q3. Who are paders and why are they friends of children? (Glimpses of India) Paders are traditional bakers in Goa. They are fondly remembered for bringing freshly baked bread and sweet delicacies. Their jingling bamboo and warm presence delighted children, making them cherished figures, especially during festive occasions like weddings and feasts. Q4. How did Valli gather the details of the bus journey? Madam rides the bus) Ans: Valli gathered details by listening carefully to conversations of regular bus passengers. She learned about the route, the fare, and the duration. Her sharp observation and curiosity enabled her to plan her trip without revealing her intentions to anyone. Q5. Describe how Custard the dragon fights with the Pirate (The tale of Custard the Dragon) Ans: When the pirate attacked, Custard sprang into action, roaring and charging fearlessly. Despite being mocked for cowardice, he displayed remarkable bravery, swallowing the pirate whole. His quick and effective response saved the day, proving his worth as the true hero of the group. Footprints Without Feet ( Supplementary Reader) Q1. How did Mrs. Pumphery treat Tricki? (The Triumph of Surgery) Mrs. Pumphrey pampered Tricki excessively, overfeeding him with rich food like malt, cod-liver oil, and cream cakes. She indulged his whims, causing him to become overweight and lethargic. Her overprotective and doting treatment worsened his health, leading to his eventual admission to the surgery. Q2. How did Ausable get rid of Max without using a weapon. (The Midnight Visitor) Ausable outwitted Max by using his intelligence and quick thinking. He fabricated a story about a nonexistent balcony below the window, claiming it was used by secret agents. When Max tried to escape through the window, he fell to his death, proving Ausable’s wit to be more effective than weapons. Q3.Why did Richard Ebright raise a flock of butterflies? (Making of a scientist) Richard Ebright raised a flock of butterflies as part of his childhood hobby of collecting them. This activity deepened his interest in the study of butterflies and sparked his scientific curiosity, eventually leading him to research their life cycles and contribute significantly to science. LONG ANSWER-TYPE QUESTIONS | 120 WORDS | 6 MARKS Q1. 'As ripe fruits are in danger of falling early, so mortals when born are always in danger of death. With this statement of the Buddha find out the moral values that Kisa Gotami learnt after the death of her child. ( The Sermons at Benares) 1. Acceptance of Life’s Impermanence: Kisa Gotami, mourning the death of her only child, learned from the Buddha that death is inevitable for all beings. Through the analogy of ripe fruits that fall early, Buddha emphasized that every life is destined to end, teaching her to accept mortality as a natural part of existence. 2. Realization of Universal Suffering: When Buddha asked her to bring a mustard seed from a household untouched by death, Kisa visited many homes and found that death had touched every family. This realization made her understand that grief is universal and not unique to her alone. 3. Detachment from Worldly Attachments: The futility of clinging to worldly relationships became clear to Kisa Gotami. She understood the importance of spiritual growth and the need to let go of material and emotional bonds, which only lead to suffering. Kisa Gotami’s journey from grief to enlightenment highlights the moral that inner peace comes from accepting life’s transience and focusing on spiritual liberation. Q2. 'No one is born hating another person because of the colour of his skin, or his background or his religion'. Do you agree? Elaborate on the basis of the chapter "Nelson Mandela Long walk to freedom") Hatred is Learned, Not Inherent Nelson Mandela's belief that hatred is not innate but taught resonates strongly. His life and experiences in South Africa during apartheid illustrate that love and understanding can be fostered despite differences in race, religion, or background. Mandela's Vision of Equality Mandela observed that no child is born hating others for their differences. This realization fueled his lifelong struggle against apartheid. He emphasized that human beings are naturally inclined to love, which can overcome prejudice and hatred. Example from the Text Mandela’s imprisonment during apartheid taught him forgiveness and reconciliation. Despite the oppression he faced, he worked toward uniting South Africans. He recognized the humanity in even his oppressors and sought to build a nation founded on equality and mutual respect. Conclusion: A Lesson in Love Mandela’s journey inspires us to believe that nurturing love and acceptance can transform societies. His leadership demonstrated that compassion and equality triumph over divisiveness and hatred. Q3. Contentment in one's life is very important to lead a peaceful life. We should be happy with what we have and should not crave for what we don't have. Matilda suffered in life because she was not content in her life. Her desires led to her disaster. What do you learn from her mistake in life? ( The Necklace) The Importance of Contentment in Life Matilda’s story from The Necklace  teaches a profound lesson about contentment. Her discontent with her modest lifestyle and yearning for wealth and social status led to her downfall. She borrowed a necklace to appear affluent, but its loss resulted in ten years of relentless hardship to repay the debt. Lesson Learned: The story illustrates that greed and unnecessary comparisons can lead to misery. If Matilda had valued her simple life and not aspired for superficial luxury, she could have avoided the suffering. This reflects the importance of gratitude for what we have instead of craving what we lack. Conclusion: Contentment fosters inner peace and happiness. Matilda’s tragic realization, after discovering the necklace was fake, reminds us to focus on life’s true riches—love, relationships, and self-satisfaction—rather than chasing illusions of material wealth. Q4. Trust and compassion can reform a person. Justify this statement in the light of the lesson "The Thief's Story'. Trust and Compassion as Tools of Reform In The Thief’s Story, Anil’s trust and compassion profoundly transform Hari Singh, a young thief. Despite knowing Hari’s dishonest intentions, Anil treats him kindly, gives him shelter, and even starts teaching him to read and write, believing in his potential for change. Instances of Reform: Hari steals Anil’s money but is moved by Anil’s trust when he realizes Anil would lose faith in him. This realization compels Hari to return the stolen money, marking the beginning of his transformation. Anil’s unspoken acknowledgment of Hari’s act, without confrontation or anger, strengthens Hari’s resolve to change. Lesson Learned: The story demonstrates that trust and compassion can awaken an individual’s conscience. Anil’s unwavering belief in Hari’s goodness encourages him to abandon his dishonest ways, showing how empathy and faith can guide even the most flawed individuals toward a better path. Bonus Tips 1️⃣ Read the Question Carefully Underline keywords  (why, how, justify, explain). Answer only what is asked —don’t write extra stories. 2️⃣ Stick to the Text Use phrases, images, or incidents from the lesson/poem . Even one textual reference  can fetch full marks. 3️⃣ Plan Before You Write (30 seconds) Think: Point → Evidence → Explanation This keeps answers clear and well-organised. 4️⃣ Respect the Word Limit Short answers → precise Long answers → balanced Writing too much wastes time and marks. 5️⃣ Use Simple, Correct English Avoid very long or complex sentences. Clear ideas + correct grammar = better impression. 6️⃣ Begin Strong, End Well Start with a direct answer . End with a message, value, or conclusion  (where suitable). 7️⃣ For Poetry Questions Mention theme + poetic device/image  (metaphor, contrast, irony). Don’t explain the whole poem— focus on the given lines . 8️⃣ Avoid Common Mistakes ❌ Don’t mix stories or poems ❌ Don’t copy the question ❌ Don’t write irrelevant background 9️⃣ Time Management is Key Don’t spend too long on one answer. Attempt all questions —partial answers still earn marks. 🔟 Stay Calm and Confident You know the stories— trust your preparation . A calm mind writes better answers. Remember: Literature is about understanding, not memorising. English With a Difference Wishes All CBSE Students across the World Best of Luck for their Board Exams. Board Exam Papers

Essential Questions & Model Answers for Board Examination 2025–26 Explore CBSE Class 10 English long answer questions with model answers on Glimpses of India, The Trees, A Tiger in the Zoo, and more. Well-structured, exam-oriented explanations to help students score better. Always Study on a Big Screen. Q1. Compare and contrast the commonality of themes in The Ball Poem  and Nelson Mandela – Long Walk to Freedom . Both The Ball Poem  and Nelson Mandela – Long Walk to Freedom  deal with loss and how it leads to growth and maturity. They show that suffering, though painful, helps a person understand life more deeply. In The Ball Poem , the boy loses his ball, which is his first experience of loss. The poet says the ball will not come back, teaching the boy that some losses in life are permanent. The boy learns to stand quietly and accept responsibility. Similarly, Nelson Mandela experiences a much deeper loss. Due to apartheid, he loses his freedom, family life, and normal childhood joys. He spends many years in prison but learns courage, patience, and forgiveness. He realises that freedom is indivisible and that suffering can shape strong character. Thus, while the boy’s loss is small and personal and Mandela’s loss is great and national, both learn important life lessons through suffering. Both texts show that loss helps people grow emotionally and morally. Q2. Amanda and Valli both represent a longing for freedom. Examine the observation with reference to the two texts. Ans: Amanda and Valli both show a strong desire for freedom, though their ways of expressing it are different. Their stories reflect the natural wish of children to live independently and make their own choices. In the poem Amanda! , Amanda feels troubled by constant instructions like “Don’t bite your nails” and “Don’t slouch.” She escapes into her imagination and dreams of being a mermaid, an orphan, or Rapunzel. These images show her desire for peace, silence, and emotional freedom from control. In contrast, Valli in Madam Rides the Bus  wants real freedom. She carefully saves money, plans her journey, and travels alone on a bus to the town. She refuses help and proudly behaves like an adult, showing confidence and independence. While Amanda seeks freedom through imagination, Valli achieves it through action. Both characters clearly represent a strong longing for freedom and self-identity. Q3. Explore the contrasting images of the tiger in A Tiger in the Zoo  and How to Tell Wild Animals . Ans: The tiger is presented in very different ways in the two poems to convey different ideas. One poem is serious and sympathetic, while the other is humorous and playful. In A Tiger in the Zoo , the tiger is shown as powerful but helpless. He walks angrily in his cage and ignores visitors. The poet says he should be hunting deer near water holes, but instead he is locked behind bars. This shows loss of freedom and cruelty of captivity. The tiger symbolises strength trapped by humans. On the other hand, in How to Tell Wild Animals , the tiger is described humorously. The poet jokes that if a tiger eats you, you can identify it by its stripes. Though funny, the poem still shows the tiger as dangerous and fierce. Thus, one tiger creates sympathy and sadness, while the other creates laughter and caution. Both images together highlight the tiger’s power in different contexts. Q4. Analyse and evaluate the role of faith in A Letter to God  and The Sermon at Benares . Ans: Faith plays an important role in both texts, but it is presented in very different ways. One shows blind faith, while the other shows enlightened understanding. In A Letter to God , Lencho has complete faith in God. After his crops are destroyed by hailstorm, he writes a letter to God asking for money. He believes God will surely help him. However, when he receives less money, he suspects the post office employees and calls them “crooks.” This shows that his faith is simple but narrow and unrealistic. In The Sermon at Benares , Buddha teaches Kisa Gotami that death is universal. When she fails to find a house where no one has died, she understands the truth of life and accepts her loss. Lencho’s faith is blind and childish, while Buddha teaches faith based on wisdom and acceptance. The texts show that true faith lies in understanding reality, not denying it. Q5. Comment on the reactions and feelings of Lencho and Nelson Mandela when they faced challenges in their lives. Ans: Lencho and Nelson Mandela face hardships in life, but their reactions reveal very different attitudes and levels of maturity. Lencho faces disaster when a hailstorm destroys his crops. He reacts by placing full faith in God and writes a letter asking for money. However, when he receives less money, he becomes angry and doubts human honesty. He does not feel grateful to the post office employees and instead accuses them of theft. This shows his emotional immaturity. In contrast, Nelson Mandela faces severe oppression, imprisonment, and discrimination due to apartheid. Despite suffering, he does not become bitter. He learns that courage means conquering fear and believes in forgiveness and equality. Lencho responds with suspicion, while Mandela responds with wisdom and compassion. Their reactions show that true strength lies in understanding and patience during difficult times. Q6. Discuss how the writers use language to create humour in The Tale of Custard the Dragon  and The Proposal . Ans: Both The Tale of Custard the Dragon and The Proposal use humour to entertain readers while highlighting human weaknesses. The writers use exaggeration, contrast, and funny situations to create laughter. In The Tale of Custard the Dragon, humour is created through contrast. Custard is mocked for being cowardly, while Belinda and the others boast of bravery. However, when the pirate attacks, Custard alone fights and defeats him. This sudden reversal creates comic effect. In The Proposal, humour arises from exaggerated arguments. Instead of discussing marriage, Lomov and Natalya fight over land and oxen meadows. Lomov’s nervousness and fainting fits further add to the humour. In both texts, funny language and situations expose foolish pride and human behaviour. The humour makes the message enjoyable and memorable for readers. Q7. Explore the theme of loss as it is depicted in both The Ball Poem  and The Sermon at Benares , highlighting the inevitable nature of this aspect in life. Ans: Both The Ball Poem  and The Sermon at Benares  focus on loss as an unavoidable part of human life. They teach that suffering and separation are natural experiences that everyone must face. In The Ball Poem , the boy loses his ball, which represents his first real experience of loss. The poet says that the ball will not return, showing that some losses in life are permanent. The boy stands silently and learns to accept responsibility and emotional pain without complaint. Similarly, in The Sermon at Benares , Kisa Gotami suffers the loss of her only son. She believes that someone can bring him back to life. However, when she fails to find a house where no one has died, she realises that death is universal. Buddha teaches her that grief is common to all and cannot be escaped. Both texts show that loss cannot be avoided, but understanding and acceptance help reduce suffering. They encourage emotional maturity by accepting the truth of life. Q8. Analyse the similarities and differences between the young seagull from Two Stories about Flying  and Lencho from A Letter to God , and justify the role of faith in adverse situations. Ans: The young seagull and Lencho both face difficult situations in life and depend on faith to overcome fear and hardship. However, the nature of their faith and outcomes differ. The young seagull is afraid to fly because he doubts his ability. He believes his wings will not support him. His faith develops slowly when hunger forces him to jump, trusting his instincts. Once he flies, his confidence grows through experience. Lencho, on the other hand, shows blind faith in God. After his crops are destroyed by hailstorm, he writes a letter to God asking for money, believing firmly that God will help him. However, when he receives less money, he becomes angry and doubts human honesty. Both characters rely on faith during adversity, but the seagull’s faith leads to growth and independence, while Lencho’s faith remains narrow. The comparison shows that faith is powerful when combined with understanding and effort. Q9. Self-doubt and fear often act as barriers to success, while curiosity leads to learning. Justify with reference to His First Flight  and Madam Rides the Bus . Ans: Both His First Flight  and Madam Rides the Bus  show how fear and curiosity shape success in life. They present contrasting attitudes that lead to different outcomes. In His First Flight , the young seagull is afraid to fly because of self-doubt. He believes his wings will not support him and watches his siblings fly confidently. His fear becomes a barrier to success until hunger forces him to take a leap of faith. Once he jumps, he discovers that his wings can carry him, and his fear disappears. In contrast, Valli in Madam Rides the Bus  is driven by curiosity. She eagerly observes bus timings, saves money, and plans her journey to the town. Her curiosity helps her learn about the world and gain confidence. Thus, the texts show that fear delays growth, while curiosity encourages learning and independence. Overcoming fear and nurturing curiosity are essential for success. Q10. Examine the role of Nature in the poems The Dust of Snow and Fog. Ans: Both The Dust of Snow  and Fog  show how nature influences human emotions and understanding in quiet but meaningful ways. Nature is not shown as grand or dramatic but as a subtle force that changes perspective. In The Dust of Snow , a small incident changes the poet’s mood. When a crow shakes snow from a hemlock tree, the falling snow touches the poet. This simple natural act lifts his sadness and saves the rest of his day from being wasted. The crow and the hemlock, usually seen as symbols of negativity, bring positivity and emotional healing. In Fog , nature is presented as calm and mysterious. The fog comes silently like a cat, covers the city and harbour, and then moves away without noise. This shows nature’s quiet power and unpredictability. Both poems highlight that nature, even in ordinary moments, can affect human feelings and teach acceptance and reflection. Q11. How does literature like ‘A Baker from Goa,’ ‘Coorg,’ and ‘Tea from Assam’ promote tourism and awareness of regional cultures and traditions? Ans: Literature plays an important role in promoting tourism by presenting vivid pictures of places, people, and traditions.  In A Baker from Goa , the narrator describes the traditional Goan baker, bread-making customs, and Portuguese influence. These details help readers understand Goa’s unique culture and attract tourists interested in heritage and local life. Coorg  presents the region as a land of coffee plantations, rainforests, wildlife, and adventure sports like rafting and trekking. The description of its natural beauty and brave people encourages eco-tourism and cultural tourism.  Similarly, Tea from Assam  highlights vast tea gardens, the process of tea cultivation, and the importance of tea in daily life. Rajvir’s excitement makes readers curious about visiting Assam. Together, these texts create interest, pride, and awareness about India’s diversity, traditions, and landscapes, motivating readers to explore these regions personally. Q12. Examine how ‘The Trees’ and ‘A Tiger in the Zoo’ highlight the importance of freedom and the desire to break free from dominance. Ans: Both The Trees  and A Tiger in the Zoo  strongly convey the theme of freedom and resistance against domination.  In The Trees , the poet shows trees breaking free from houses and moving back into the forest. This movement symbolises nature’s rebellion against human control and suggests that confinement is unnatural. The trees struggle all night to escape, reflecting a strong desire for independence.  In A Tiger in the Zoo , the tiger is trapped in a cage, pacing angrily and silently. Though powerful, he is helpless behind bars and unable to live his natural life of hunting freely in the jungle. His quiet rage shows suffering caused by captivity.  Both poems criticise human dominance over nature and animals. They emphasise that freedom is essential for dignity and natural existence, and that any form of control leads to pain and unrest. Q13. “The inherent instinct for freedom is a fundamental trait in all living creatures.”Justify this statement with reference to Mijbil the Otter  and A Tiger in the Zoo . In Mijbil the Otter , Mijbil’s love for freedom is shown through his playful and curious nature. He invents games, plays with water taps, and enjoys swimming, showing his natural instinct to live freely. His restlessness during travel and excitement in open spaces reflect this desire. Similarly, in A Tiger in the Zoo , the tiger longs for freedom. Though silent in the cage, his eyes follow visitors, and he dreams of roaming freely in the jungle, hunting deer near the water hole. Both texts highlight that confinement suppresses natural instincts, while freedom is essential for a fulfilled life. Q14. Both Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom  and The Trees  explore themes of transformation, liberation, and the power to change. Examine the commonality of themes in both works. Both works highlight the journey from oppression to freedom. In Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom , Mandela describes South Africa’s transformation from apartheid to democracy. He stresses that freedom is indivisible and liberation restores human dignity to both the oppressed and the oppressor. Similarly, in The Trees , the trees break free from confinement inside houses and move towards the forest, symbolising liberation. Their movement represents change and resistance against oppression. In both texts, transformation comes through struggle, and liberation leads to renewal, hope, and harmony, emphasising the power of change in both human society and nature. Q15. “The Book that Saved the Earth” communicates the idea that misinterpretation of cultural disparities among different groups can lead to misunderstandings and disputes. From the play, discuss methods to prevent such confusion and conflicts, ensuring the preservation of peace and harmony. Answer (120 words): The Book that Saved the Earth  shows how misunderstanding another culture can create fear and conflict. The Martians misinterpret Mother Goose  rhymes as dangerous codes and plan to invade Earth. This confusion arises because they judge Earth’s culture without understanding its context. The play suggests that open communication is essential to prevent such conflicts. Asking questions, listening patiently, and understanding cultural differences can avoid wrong conclusions. The Martians could have verified the purpose of the book instead of reacting impulsively. Respect for other cultures and avoiding assumptions are also important. Education about different traditions and values promotes tolerance. The play humorously teaches that peaceful dialogue, cultural awareness, and careful interpretation can prevent unnecessary disputes and help maintain peace and harmony among different groups. Q16. Analyse the similarities and differences between the young seagull from “Two Stories about Flying” and Lencho from “A Letter to God”, and explain the role faith plays in facing challenging and adverse situations in life. Answer: Both the young seagull and Lencho face difficult situations and rely on faith to overcome them, though in different ways. The young seagull suffers from fear and self-doubt. He believes his wings will not support him and hesitates to fly. His faith develops when hunger forces him to jump, trusting his natural instinct, which finally leads to success and confidence. Lencho, on the other hand, shows blind faith in God. After the hailstorm destroys his crop, he writes a letter to God asking for money, firmly believing he will be helped. However, when he receives less money, he becomes suspicious and angry. Thus, while the seagull’s faith leads to growth through effort and experience, Lencho’s faith remains unquestioning and narrow. The texts show that faith is powerful when supported by understanding and action. Q17. Discuss how the writers use language to create humour in the poem “The Tale of Custard the Dragon” and the play “The Proposal”. Answer : Both writers use language creatively to produce humour through contrast, exaggeration, and irony. In The Tale of Custard the Dragon , humour arises from ironic contrast. Custard is called cowardly, while Belinda and the pets boast of bravery. However, when the pirate attacks, Custard alone fights and defeats him, reversing expectations in a funny way. The repetitive phrases like “realio, trulio” and exaggerated descriptions add to the comic effect. In The Proposal , humour is created through exaggerated dialogue and absurd situations. Lomov and Natalya argue over trivial matters like oxen meadows and grasslands during a marriage proposal. Lomov’s nervous speeches, fainting fits, and Natasha’s dramatic reactions make the language humorous. Thus, both texts use playful language and exaggerated situations to highlight human foolishness and create laughter. Q18. Why did Hari Singh choose to go back to Anil in the end? (The Thief’s Story) Answer: Hari Singh chose to go back to Anil because he realised the true value of trust, kindness, and education. After stealing the money, he felt uneasy and guilty, as Anil had trusted him completely and treated him with affection. Hari understood that stealing the money would give him temporary gain, but staying with Anil would give him something far more valuable—education and a chance to lead an honest life. Anil’s plan to teach him to read and write made Hari aware that learning would help him escape a life of crime. The calm way in which Anil accepted him back without questioning showed generosity and forgiveness. This silent trust deeply moved Hari and encouraged him to reform himself and choose honesty over theft. Q19. The play ‘The Book that Saved the Earth’ uses humour and misunderstandings between the Martians and Earthlings to explore the themes of perception and cultural differences. Comment. Answer The Book that Saved the Earth  uses humour to highlight how perception and cultural differences can lead to serious misunderstandings. The Martians, led by Think-Tank, misinterpret simple nursery rhymes from Mother Goose  as secret codes and weapons manuals. For instance, “Humpty Dumpty” is seen as a dangerous Earth weapon, and “Mistress Mary” is taken as proof of Earth’s violent nature. This comic misunderstanding arises because the Martians judge Earth’s culture without understanding its context. The exaggerated fear and foolish conclusions create humour, but also convey a serious message. The play shows that lack of cultural awareness and wrong perception can lead to unnecessary fear and conflict. Through humour, the writer suggests that open-mindedness, proper interpretation, and respect for cultural differences are essential for peaceful coexistence. Q20. Both ‘Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom’ by Nelson Mandela and ‘The Trees’ by Adrienne Rich explore themes of transformation, liberation, and the power to change. Examine the commonality of themes in both the works. Answer: Both Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom  and The Trees  highlight the themes of transformation and liberation from oppression. In Mandela’s narrative, one instance of transformation is when he says he was not born with a hunger to be free but gradually realised that his freedom and that of his people were taken away because of apartheid. Another instance is his statement that “the oppressor must be liberated just as surely as the oppressed,” showing moral and psychological transformation. Similarly, in The Trees , liberation is shown when the trees “break out of the house” and move towards the forest, symbolising escape from human confinement. Another instance is when the roots “work all night to disengage themselves,” highlighting struggle before freedom. Both texts show that liberation requires resistance, patience, and inner change before external freedom is achieved. Q21. Analyse the similarities and differences between the young seagull from “Two Stories about Flying” and Lencho from “A Letter to God”, and explain the role faith plays in facing challenging and adverse situations in life. Answer: Both the young seagull and Lencho face difficult situations and depend on faith to overcome them, though in different ways. The young seagull is paralysed by fear and self-doubt. He believes his wings will not support him and refuses to fly, even when his siblings do. His faith develops gradually when hunger forces him to jump, trusting his natural instinct, and he successfully flies. Lencho, on the other hand, shows absolute faith in God after his crops are destroyed by hail. He writes a letter asking for money, believing God will surely help him. However, when he receives less money, he becomes suspicious and angry. Thus, while the seagull’s faith grows through experience and effort, Lencho’s faith is blind. The texts show that faith is most effective when combined with understanding and action. Q22. Analyse and evaluate the role of faith in “A Letter to God” and “The Sermon at Benares”. Answer: In “A Letter to God” , faith is shown through Lencho’s unquestioning belief in God. After his crops are destroyed by hail, he writes a letter to God asking for help, showing complete trust that God will respond. His faith gives him strength and hope in despair, though it also makes him blind to human kindness. In “The Sermon at Benares” , faith is more philosophical. Kisa Gotami approaches the Buddha with faith in his wisdom. Through his teaching, her faith helps her understand the universal truth of death and overcome personal grief. Thus, while Lencho’s faith is emotional and literal, Kisa Gotami’s faith leads to wisdom, acceptance, and inner peace. Q23. Explore the contrasting images of the tiger in ‘A Tiger in the Zoo’ and the tiger in ‘How to Tell Wild Animals’. Ans: The tiger is presented in contrasting ways in A Tiger in the Zoo  and How to Tell Wild Animals . In A Tiger in the Zoo , the tiger symbolises strength trapped by captivity. He paces “the few steps of his cage” in silent anger and ignores visitors, showing loss of freedom and dignity. The poet contrasts this with the tiger’s natural life, where he should be hunting deer near water holes. This portrayal creates sympathy and highlights the cruelty of confinement. In contrast, How to Tell Wild Animals  presents the tiger humorously. The poet jokingly says that if a tiger eats you, you can identify it by its stripes. Though comic, the tiger is shown as fierce and dangerous. Thus, one poem is serious and reflective, while the other is light-hearted and satirical, offering two very different images of the tiger. Q24. Analyse and evaluate the role of faith in “A Letter to God” and “The Sermon at Benares”. Answer:   In “A Letter to God” , faith is shown through Lencho’s unquestioning belief in God. After his crops are destroyed by hail, he writes a letter to God asking for help, showing complete trust that God will respond. His faith gives him strength and hope in despair, though it also makes him blind to human kindness. In “The Sermon at Benares” , faith is more philosophical. Kisa Gotami approaches the Buddha with faith in his wisdom. Through his teaching, her faith helps her understand the universal truth of death and overcome personal grief. Thus, while Lencho’s faith is emotional and literal, Kisa Gotami’s faith leads to wisdom, acceptance, and inner peace. Q25.  Amanda and Valli both represent a longing for freedom. Examine the above observation with reference to the two texts. (Amanda and Madam Rides the Bus) Amanda and Valli both represent a strong longing for freedom, though they express it in different ways. In the poem Amanda! , Amanda feels burdened by constant instructions and restrictions from adults. She escapes into her imagination, dreaming of being a mermaid, an orphan, or Rapunzel, which shows her desire for emotional freedom, peace, and independence. Her fantasies help her escape control and loneliness. Valli, in Madam Rides the Bus , longs for physical freedom and real-life experience. Her wish to ride the bus to the town reflects curiosity, courage, and independence. She carefully saves money, plans her journey, and refuses help to prove her self-reliance. While Amanda seeks freedom through imagination, Valli achieves it through action. Both texts highlight the universal desire of young minds to break free from limitations and assert individuality. Q26. In ‘The Ball Poem’, Berryman explores the themes of loss, growing up, and transformation. Nelson Mandela also experienced loss of freedom and suffering along with his countrymen during his growing years on the basis of race and colour. Compare and contrast the commonality of themes in both the texts. Answer Both The Ball Poem  and Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom  highlight how loss leads to maturity and inner transformation. In The Ball Poem , the boy loses his ball, which symbolises his first experience of loss. The poet explains that the boy learns to accept responsibility and understands that some losses are permanent, marking a step towards growing up. Similarly, Mandela experiences the loss of personal freedom due to apartheid. He is denied basic rights because of his colour and suffers imprisonment and separation from family. However, this suffering transforms him into a strong, compassionate leader.  While the boy’s loss is personal and symbolic, Mandela’s loss is social and political. Both texts show that loss, though painful, plays an essential role in shaping character and maturity. Being Updated. Come back once again.