Chapter-wise Previous-Year Board Exam Questions: Vistas | Class XII | Competency-Based | Important for 2025
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VISTAS
The Third LevelÂ
Q1. Describe briefly the Third Level. How did it differ from the Second Level?
The Third Level is a mysterious and seemingly time-traveling location within Grand Central Station. Charley discovers it accidentally when he gets lost trying to take the subway home.
The Third Level is distinct from the Second Level in that it appears to be a portal to the past, specifically the year 1894. The atmosphere on the Third Level reflects the late 19th century, with people dressed in clothing from that era, gaslights illuminating the space, and outdated technology. It is a place where one can apparently purchase train tickets to various destinations in the United States but for the year 1894.
Q2. What role does Samâs letter play in the story?
Sam's letter serves as crucial evidence for Charley and Louisa that the Third Level is real. It confirms that Sam, who disappeared mysteriously, has found the Third Level and is living in Galesburg, Illinois, in 1894. The letter is a message of invitation for Charley and Louisa to join him on the Third Level, emphasizing the idyllic and peaceful life of that time. Sam's letter becomes a catalyst for Charley and Louisa to believe in the existence of the Third Level and motivates them to keep searching for it.
Q3. What do you learn about Galesburg, Illinois, during 1894 from the lesson 'The Third Level'?
From the story, we learn that Galesburg, Illinois, in 1894 is depicted as a charming and peaceful town. The description includes big old frame houses, huge lawns, and tall trees with branches meeting overhead. The evenings are described as being twice as long, with people sitting on their lawns, men smoking cigars and talking quietly, and women waving palm-leaf fans. The setting portrays a serene and idyllic atmosphere, emphasizing the nostalgia and appeal of the past.
Q4. Why did Charley buy old-style currency?
Charley bought old-style currency because he wanted to use it to purchase tickets on the Third Level at Grand Central Station. When he initially tried to buy tickets with modern currency, the clerk rejected it, considering it counterfeit. To avoid suspicion and ensure a successful transaction, Charley exchanged his modern money for old-style bills, matching the currency used in the year 1894 on the Third Level.
Q5. Do you think that the third level was a medium of escape? Why/Why not?
Yes, the Third Level can be interpreted as a medium of escape. Charley and others who find this mysterious level have the opportunity to travel back in time to a seemingly simpler and more peaceful era, away from the complexities and troubles of the modern world.
The appeal of Galesburg, Illinois, in 1894, with its nostalgic charm, represents a desire for an escape from the anxieties of the present. The Third Level becomes a literal and metaphorical escape route for those seeking refuge from the challenges of their contemporary lives.
2020
Q6. The modern world is full of insecurity, fear, war, worry and stress. What are the ways in which we attempt to overcome them? (120-150 Words/ 5 Marks)
1. Psychological Escapism:
   Individuals often resort to psychological escapism as a means of overcoming the challenges posed by the modern world. This involves seeking refuge in alternate realities or daydreams to temporarily detach from the harsh realities of life.
2. Hobbies and Collections:
   Engaging in hobbies or building collections, as seen in the protagonist's stamp collecting, serves as a temporary refuge from the stresses of the contemporary world. These activities provide a sense of purpose and diversion from daily anxieties.
3. Seeking Unconventional Solutions:
 In the case of Charley from "The Third Level," the discovery of the mysterious Third Level at Grand Central Station becomes an unconventional solution. It symbolizes a physical and temporal escape, offering a retreat to a seemingly simpler era.
4. Nostalgia and Idealization:
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An inclination towards nostalgia and idealization of the past is a common strategy. The desire to revisit a perceived better time, as showcased in the story's portrayal of 1894, reflects an attempt to escape the challenges of the contemporary world.
5. Materialistic Distractions:
 Some individuals turn to materialistic distractions, such as acquiring old-style currency, to recreate a semblance of the past. This may involve collecting vintage items or engaging in activities that evoke a sense of historical comfort.
In summary, people employ diverse strategies ranging from psychological escapism to tangible actions like exploring mysterious avenues, all in an effort to overcome the insecurities, fears, wars, and stress prevalent in the modern world.
Q7. In the story âThe Third Levelâ, reality and fantasy are interwoven. Justify. (All India 2024 | Set 1/1/1)
Ans:
Reality is reflected in the post-World War II setting, where Charley feels overwhelmed by the pressures of modern life. Seeking an escape, he enters Grand Central Station and stumbles upon what seems to be a third level. However, in reality, only two levels exist. Charleyâs psychiatrist, Sam, later dismisses the experience as a "waking dream" or wish fulfillment. Charley even buys old-style currency from the third level, but when he looks for it again, it vanishes. The final twist reveals Samâs letter in a collection of first-day covers, suggesting that Sam himself may have disappeared into this imagined space.
Fantasy is evident in Charleyâs description of the third level: a place with an old locomotive, fewer ticket windows, and brass spittoons. The setting feels like the late 19th century, with gas lamps, old-style currency, and people dressed in the fashion of that era. The presence of a newspaper dated 1894 further reinforces the fantasy, blending Charleyâs wish for an idealized past with his escape from the present.
Q8. Louisa behaves like a perfect wife. Give evidence from The Third Level in support of the above statement. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/4/1)
Ans: Louisa behaves like a perfect wife by showing concern and support for Charlie despite his unusual obsession. She is initially upset and offended when her psychiatrist friend, Sam, suggests that Charlie is "unhappy," indicating her protective nature. Louisa also worries when Charlie searches for the Third Level, understanding his desire for escape. Despite her doubts, she later accompanies Charlie in looking for the Third Level, showing her loyalty and willingness to stand by him, even in his seemingly irrational pursuits.
The Tiger King
Q1. What was Maharaja's mission? How did he resolve to overcome the obstacles in the fulfilment of his mission? Â
The Maharaja's mission was to kill a hundred tigers. He resolved to overcome obstacles in the fulfillment of his mission by issuing a proclamation that banned tiger hunting by anyone except himself. The State astrologer's prediction also played a crucial role in shaping his determination. He faced dangers during the hunts, but his indomitable courage and determination allowed him to successfully kill seventy tigers.
Q2. What was the hidden agenda behind the Tiger Kingâs marriage with the princess in the neighbouring state ?
The hidden agenda behind the Tiger King's marriage with the princess in the neighbouring state was to find a bride from a royal family with a large tiger population. This strategic decision was made to ensure that he could continue his tiger hunts, as killing tigers had become a significant aspect of his identity and rule.
Q3. What did the astrologers depict about the child when he was born?
The astrologers foretold that the newborn prince would mature into a heroic figure, renowned for his bravery and warrior prowess. Additionally, He noted that the infant was born during the hour of the bull, and as the bull and the tiger were considered adversaries, the astrologers predicted that his demise would be attributed to a tiger.
Q4. How did the âduraisaniâ behave on receiving the gifts?
Upon receiving expensive diamond rings from the Maharaja, the duraisani (wife of the British officer) did not send back the rings as expected. Instead, she thanked the Maharaja for the gifts. Subsequently, a bill for three lakh rupees arrived from the British jewellers, and the Maharaja considered it a small price to pay to retain his kingdom.
Q5. Which problem did the Maharaja face after killing seventy tigers when he had vowed to kill 100 tigers?
After killing seventy tigers, the Maharaja faced a problem when the tiger population became extinct in the forests of Pratibandapuram. Despite his determination to kill a hundred tigers, the scarcity of tigers in his own state became a hurdle, and he struggled to find the remaining thirty tigers.
Q6. Did the Tiger King manage to kill the hundredth Tiger / why /why not ?
No, the Tiger King did not manage to kill the hundredth tiger. In a twist of events, the last tiger he believed he had killed turned out to be alive. The tiger had fainted from the shock of a missed bullet, and the Maharaja remained unaware of this. The tiger was later killed by one of the hunters to maintain the Maharaja's belief that he had successfully completed his mission. In a tragic turn of events, the Maharaja contracted a fatal infection from a wooden splinter while playing with a toy tiger, and the surgeons declared him dead after a failed operation. This marked the hundredth tiger's final revenge upon the Tiger King.
2020
Ans: The Tiger King, Maharaja Jilani Jung Jung Bahadur, met his end due to an unexpected turn of events following his mission to kill a hundred tigers. After successfully hunting numerous tigers, he faced a shortage as the tiger population in Pratibandapuram's forests became extinct.
The irony lies in the fact that the Maharaja, known for his prowess in tiger hunting, did not meet his end during a tiger hunt. Instead, his death resulted from a seemingly trivial incident. While playing with a wooden tiger toy meant for his son, he suffered an infection from a splinter that led to a fatal suppurating sore. This ironic twist contrasts with his grand ambitions and fearless encounters with real tigers.
Despite efforts by renowned surgeons to treat the infection, the Maharaja's condition worsened. The irony deepened when the surgeons, who intended to save him through an operation, emerged from the theatre declaring the operation successful while simultaneously announcing the Maharaja's demise. This unforeseen consequence marked the hundredth tiger's final revenge, fulfilling the astrologers' prediction in an unexpected and ironic manner.
Q8. What confusion does the Dewan have when the Tiger King broaches the topic of his marriage ? ( All India 2024 | Set 1/1/1)
Ans: When the Tiger King broaches the topic of his marriage, the Dewan is confused because he initially thinks the King wants to marry him or perhaps a tiger, or even bring in a tiger queen. This confusion arises from the King's unconventional way of speaking.
Q9. The story âThe Tiger Kingâ is a satire on the conceit of those in power. How does the author employ the literary device of dramatic irony in the story ? (All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1)Â
Ans:
In The Tiger King, the author uses dramatic irony to satirize the conceit of those in power, particularly the Maharaja. The Maharajaâs arrogance and misuse of power are evident as he is focused solely on proving the astrologer's prediction wrong, disregarding the welfare of his subjects and the animals. His callous attitude towards the tigers, who are killed recklessly to fulfill his obsession, demonstrates his self-centeredness and indifference to the world around him.
Dramatic irony is employed when readers know that the Maharaja is destined to die not from the hundredth tiger, but from a seemingly harmless wooden one. Despite his relentless pursuit of the tigers and his belief that he has escaped the astrologerâs curse, the irony lies in his unexpected death from a sliver. While he survives numerous tiger hunts, he ultimately dies in an entirely different manner, highlighting the futility of his actions and the inevitable nature of fate.
Q10. Do you think the prediction made by the state astrologer âwas indisputably disprovedâ? Give reasons in support of your answer. (All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1)
Ans: Yes, the prediction made by the state astrologer was indisputably disproved. Although the astrologer warned that death would come to the king from a tiger, the hundredth tiger did not kill him. Ironically, the Tiger King was killed by an inanimate wooden tiger. While he believed he had defeated fate by killing 99 tigers and surviving the encounter with the hundredth one, a small splinter from the toy tiger, which he overlooked as harmless, led to a fatal infection. This twist underscores that while he escaped death by a real tiger, destiny found an unusual way to fulfill the prophecy.
Q11. âTiger population became extinct in the forests of Pratibandapuram.â Tiger King is a typical example of manâs dominance over nature. As a member of your school Eco Club, write an article for your school magazine on how man should follow the policy of âLive and Let Liveâ. You may begin like this. The noblest principle, man should follow in his life is co-existence. ( All India | Set 1/4/1)
Ans: Live and Let Live: A Call for Co-existence
The noblest principle man should follow in his life is co-existence. The story of The Tiger King is a stark example of how manâs desire for dominance can disrupt natureâs balance. The Tiger King, instead of protecting the creatures of his kingdom, hunted tigers relentlessly to disprove an astrologerâs prophecy. This obsession led to the extinction of tigers in Pratibandapuram and even affected the population in his in-lawsâ estate.
Man must recognize that he is a trustee, not the owner, of the Earth. Respect for all life forms and practicing sustainable development are vital for our survival. We should educate people to be responsible stewards of the environment, promote afforestation, and enact stringent laws against poaching. Preserving ecological balance is essential for maintaining harmony. Only by adhering to âLive and Let Liveâ can we ensure a future where nature and mankind coexist peacefully.
Q12. Until then the Maharaja had given his entire time and energy to tiger hunting. He had no time to spare for the crown prince. (The Tiger king) In the present times, we see people following their profession and running after money and neglect their children. As a professional counselor, you address working parents, stressing the need to spend quality time with children. Take material from the story âThe Tiger Kingâ to re-inforce your points of view. You may begin like this. Spending time with children will boost their confidenceâŚ.. ( All India 2024 | set 1/4/2)
Ans: Address to Working Parents on the Importance of Quality Time with Children
Spending time with children will boost their confidence and nurture their emotional well-being. In todayâs fast-paced world, many parents prioritize their careers and financial pursuits, often neglecting their children. As seen in The Tiger King, the Maharaja devoted all his time to tiger hunting, driven by his obsession to disprove the royal astrologer. He paid little attention to the crown prince, spending time with him only when forced by circumstances. Even his birthday giftâa crude wooden tigerâwas chosen with minimal thought, reflecting his detachment.
Parentsâ presence, not presents, is vital for a childâs development. A busy schedule should not lead to a widening emotional gap between parents and children. Quality time fosters strong family bonds, social cohesion, and instills valuable cultural and social values. Parents are the best guides and motivators; their active involvement shapes confident, balanced individuals who thrive in all aspects of life.
Journey to the End of the Earth
Q1. What were the author's initial emotions on setting foot in Antarctica?
The author's initial emotions on setting foot in Antarctica were relief, followed by immediate and profound wonder. The relief likely stemmed from the culmination of a long and arduous journey involving various modes of transportation. The wonder was directed at the immensity and isolation of Antarctica, particularly reflecting on the historical connection when India and Antarctica were part of the same landmass.
Q2. What are the significant features of the âStudents on Ice Programmeâ?
The significant features of the 'Students on Ice Programme' include its aim to provide high school students with inspiring educational opportunities at the ends of the world, particularly in Antarctica. The program, led by Geoff Green, focuses on fostering a new understanding and respect for the planet among the future generation of policy-makers. It offers life-changing experiences for students, allowing them to absorb, learn, and take action regarding environmental issues.
Q3. Why did Geoff Green include young students in his programme?
( All India 2024 | Set 1/3/1)
Geoff Green included young students in the 'Students on Ice Programme' because he wanted to offer the future generation of policy-makers a life-changing experience at an age when they are ready to absorb, learn, and act. The program aims to instill a deeper understanding and respect for the planet in young minds, emphasizing the importance of environmental conservation and sustainability.
Q4. How can a visit to Antarctica be an enlightening experience? Elaborate.
A visit to Antarctica can be an enlightening experience due to several factors. The continent's pristine environment, devoid of human population, allows for a direct observation of natural processes and ecosystems. Antarctica's simple ecosystem and lack of biodiversity make it an ideal place to study how small changes in the environment can have significant repercussions. Additionally, the continent holds ancient ice cores with half-million-year-old carbon records, providing insights into the Earth's past, present, and future. The immersive experience in Antarctica forces individuals to place themselves in the context of the Earth's geological history, fostering a deep appreciation for the planet's fragility and the impact of human activities.
Q5. How has human civilization impacted our environment? Comment with reference to the lesson 'Journey to the End of the Earth'.
Human civilization has impacted the environment significantly, as highlighted in the lesson 'Journey to the End of the Earth.' The author mentions that human civilizations have been around for a relatively short period of 12,000 years, yet in this brief time, humans have created a considerable impact. The rapid increase in human populations has led to competition with other species for limited resources, while the unmitigated burning of fossil fuels has contributed to a rise in carbon dioxide levels, affecting the global climate.
The lesson emphasizes climate change as one of the most contested environmental debates, and Antarctica plays a crucial role in this discussion. The continent's pristine nature and ice cores containing ancient carbon records make it a vital location for studying the Earth's past, present, and future.
The author suggests that witnessing the visible effects of climate change, such as glaciers retreating and ice shelves collapsing, makes the threat of global warming more tangible. Overall, the lesson highlights the importance of understanding and addressing the environmental impact of human activities, especially in the context of climate change and its potential consequences.
2020
Q6. How was Gondwana different from todayâs world ? Describe it.
Ans: Gondwana was a giant amalgamated southern supercontinent that existed approximately 600 to 500 million years ago. It was centered roughly around the present-day Antarctica and included landmasses that are now part of South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Arabian Peninsula. Gondwana was significantly different from today's world in several aspects:
1. Geographical Configuration: Gondwana represented a massive landmass that was a combination of several continents. The continents we recognize today were part of this singular supercontinent, and their current positions and shapes were vastly different from what we see today.
2. Climate: The climate of Gondwana during its existence was much warmer than the present. It hosted a diverse range of flora and fauna due to the milder temperatures. The climate supported a wide variety of ecosystems across the supercontinent.
3. Biodiversity: Gondwana thrived for approximately 500 million years, and during this time, it harbored a rich diversity of plant and animal species. However, these species were different from the ones we find today, as evolution and extinction events have shaped the Earth's biodiversity over millions of years.
4. Human Presence: Human beings had not yet appeared on the global scene during the time of Gondwana. The emergence of complex life forms, including humans, occurred much later in the Earth's history.
5. Landmass Arrangement: Over time, as the dinosaurs went extinct and the age of mammals began, Gondwana started to break apart. The landmasses drifted and separated, forming the continents as we know them today. This process shaped the modern geographical arrangement of continents and ocean basins.
6. Continental Drift: The breakup of Gondwana played a crucial role in the phenomenon of continental drift. The separation of landmasses and their movement over geological time scales has influenced the Earth's topography and climate patterns.
In summary, Gondwana was a vastly different world from today, characterized by a warmer climate, different species, and a singular supercontinent that eventually gave rise to the continents we recognize in the present day. The study of Gondwana provides insights into the dynamic geological and climatic changes that have shaped the Earth over millions of years.
Q7. âMy Antarctic experience was full of such epiphanies,â says Tishani Doshi. Which experience does she consider the best and why? ( All India 2024 | Set 1/1/1 )
Ans: Tishani Doshi considers the experience of walking on the frozen ocean as the best because it was a profound moment of connection with nature. She describes walking on the stark whiteness that stretched out forever, with 180 meters of living, breathing saltwater beneath her, and observing Crabeater seals sunning themselves on the ice, which was a surreal and transformative experience.
Q8. Tishani Doshi considered the programme âStudents on Iceâ a success. Do you agree with her? Why/Why not? (All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1)
Ans: Yes, âStudents on Iceâ was successful as it exposed future policymakers to Antarctica's pristine environment, fostering a life-changing awareness. This experience deepened their respect for Earth and instilled a commitment to sustainability and responsible environmental decision-making.
Q9. âAnd for humans, the prognosis is not good;â What is in store for humans, as per the above statement ? Â (All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1)
Ans: The statement refers to the alarming consequences of climate change. Rising global temperatures and global warming are leading to the melting of the Antarctic ice sheets and glaciers, causing sea levels to rise. Additionally, the disruption of the Gulf Stream ocean currents could further exacerbate climate instability, impacting weather patterns, agriculture, and human habitats. These changes pose a significant threat to humanity's future, highlighting the urgent need for action to mitigate environmental damage.
Q10. âWith students of ice, he offers future generation of policy makers a life-changing experienceâŚâ (The Journey to End of the Earth) What expectation of the narrator is reflected in the above line? (All India 2024 | Set 1/4/3)
Ans: The narrator expects that by giving students first-hand experience of environmental issues, they will gain a deeper understanding of Earthâs challenges. This experience will shape them into future policymakers who are better equipped to frame effective policies for preserving nature and protecting the planet for generations to come.
The Enemy
Q1. What impressions do you form of Dr. Sadao's father from the story 'the Enemy'?
Ans: Dr. Sadaoâs father is depicted as a stern, disciplined, and traditional man with a strong sense of national pride and ambition for his son. His primary focus is Sadao's education, as he believes that knowledge and skill will lead Japan toward a prosperous future. He takes pride in Japanâs progress and believes in its potential for greatness, a belief he instills in Sadao by frequently saying that the islands are "stepping stones" for Japanâs future. Although he doesnât display affection openly, his dedication to Sadaoâs growth is evident. Sadaoâs father is selective, even in personal matters, and would only accept a Japanese wife for his son. This portrayal shows his deep-seated cultural values and his hopes for Sadao to serve the country.
Q2. Why was Dr. Sadao not sent abroad with the troops?
Dr. Sadao was not sent abroad with the Japanese troops because of his crucial contributions to medical science, particularly in surgery. He was working on a significant discovery to make wounds completely clean, which was essential for Japan during the wartime. His medical expertise and ongoing research made him invaluable at home, as his skills were needed for both soldiers and possible emergency cases within Japan. Additionally, the old General had a medical condition that might eventually require surgery, so Dr. Sadaoâs presence was required for the Generalâs potential operation. His talents were too valuable to risk in combat, so he remained in Japan, where he could continue his research and be available for critical cases.
Q3. Dr. Sadao emerges as a Saviour of humanity. Substantiate your answer with evidence from the text.
Ans: Dr. Sadao demonstrates a commitment to humanity when he saves the life of an American prisoner of war despite his nationality and the risk of being labelled a traitor. Although the American is technically his enemy, Sadaoâs medical ethics drive him to perform surgery to save his life, even under societal pressure to let him die. He operates skilfully, using his expertise and compassion, and later provides the prisoner with a means of escape to ensure his safety. Sadaoâs decision not only saves the manâs life but also demonstrates his moral courage in choosing human compassion over prejudice and nationalism, reinforcing his role as a healer dedicated to saving lives, regardless of race or political affiliations.
Q4. Dr. Sadao is torn between his duty as a doctor and his responsibility as a patriotic citizen. Elaborate.
Dr. Sadao faces a profound inner conflict between his professional duty as a doctor and his loyalty to Japan. On one hand, his medical ethics compel him to save the injured American soldier, who is in dire need of care. As a doctor, Sadao believes in preserving life, regardless of nationality. However, as a Japanese citizen during wartime, he understands the risks of helping an enemy soldier, which could be viewed as treasonous. His struggle is further heightened by the pressure from his household staff and the potential threat to his family. Ultimately, Sadao chooses to heal the man, even risking his safety, and later helps him escape. This choice reflects his dedication to his ethical principles, demonstrating the difficult balance between personal integrity and national allegiance.
All India 2024 | Set 1/1/1
Q5. Dr. Sadao is disturbed and in a dilemma since he has decided to help the enemy soldier. Describe his conflict and the challenges faced in the form of a diary entry.
Ans:
March 3, 1945
Tonight, I find myself in great turmoil. I made the decision to save the life of an American soldierâan enemyâdespite knowing the risks. The sight of his wounds stirred something in me; as a doctor, I am bound to heal, regardless of who lies before me. But, as a Japanese citizen, my actions could be seen as betrayal. I know that my staff disapproves, and Hana, though loyal, fears for our safety and the children's. I cannot ignore the whispers of doubt around me, yet I cannot abandon my duty as a healer. The Generalâs condition also complicates matters; he depends on me, but would he protect me if he knew? I am haunted by uncertainty. My hope now rests in finding a solution that keeps my family safe while staying true to my profession.
Q6. What was the servants' reactions to Sadao's decision of treating the American soldier? (All India 2024 | 1/4/1)
Ans: The servants strongly disapproved of Dr. Sadaoâs decision to treat the American soldier. They viewed the wounded soldier as an enemy who deserved to die, not to be saved. The old gardener believed it was against nature to heal what the âsea and rocksâ had tried to destroy. Yumi, the childrenâs caretaker, outright refused to wash the soldier, feeling disgusted by the idea of aiding a foreign enemy. Their discontent grew over time, and they feared that Sadaoâs actions would bring misfortune upon the household. Eventually, unable to accept his choice, the servants left the house altogether. Their reaction highlights the intense patriotism and prejudice against the enemy, contrasting sharply with Dr. Sadaoâs compassionate commitment to his medical duty.
Q7. âI must get rid of this man for your sakeâ. Said Dr. Sadao. How will you describe Dr. Sadao as a husband with reference to the above line ? (Word Limit 40-50) | All India 2024 | Set 1/5/1)
Ans: Dr. Sadaoâs words, âI must get rid of this man for your sake,â reveal his deep care and responsibility toward Hana. Although he is conflicted as a doctor, he prioritizes Hanaâs safety and well-being, understanding the fear and burden his decision places on her. This shows his sensitivity and protective nature as a husband.
Q8. After having escaped from Japan with the help of Dr. Sadao, Tom (the prisoner of war) writes an article highlighting how Sadaoâs actions demonstrated the importance of humanity and living in harmony. (150 Words). ( All India 2024 | Set 1/5/1)
You may begin like this : Humanity is a value that binds us together âŚâŚ
Ans: Humanity is a value that binds us together, beyond borders, conflicts, or nationalities. I realized this profoundly when I was saved by a man who should have considered me his enemyâDr. Sadao Hoki, a Japanese surgeon, who risked everything to save my life. When I washed ashore, gravely wounded and helpless, he could have handed me over to authorities or left me to die, as I was a foreign soldier and Japanâs enemy. Yet, he didnât. Dr. Sadaoâs actions went beyond mere medical duty; he exemplified compassion and bravery, driven by a belief in the sanctity of human life.
Dr. Sadaoâs choice reminded me that, at our core, we are all human, bound by shared empathy. His willingness to risk his reputation and familyâs safety for a stranger is a lesson in living with kindness and harmony. His example inspires a vision of a world where humanity prevails over hostility.
Q9. âI will have nothing to do with it,â Yumi said, âI am a poor person and it is not my business.â What inference can be drawn about the character of the speaker from the above expression ? ( 40-50 Words) ( All India 2024 | Set 1/5/1)
Yumiâs response, âI will have nothing to do with it,â reveals her strong adherence to social hierarchy and traditional beliefs. As a domestic servant, she feels her role is limited to caring for the family, not aiding an enemy. Her reluctance shows her loyalty to Japan and her discomfort in opposing social norms, even for humanitarian reasons.
Q10. âDonât thank me too early.â Sadao said coldly. What inference is drawn about Sadaoâs state of mind from the above line? (All India 2024 | Set 1/4/3)
Ans : The line reflects Sadaoâs inner conflict and uncertainty about his actions. He is still in a dilemma regarding the fate of the American soldier he has helped. Although he has provided medical treatment, Sadao is unsure whether he should protect the soldier further or hand him over to the police once he recovers. This statement indicates that Sadao is torn between his sense of duty as a doctor and the potential consequences of sheltering an enemy soldier during a time of war.
On The Face of It
Q1. Mr. Lamb stands as a symbol of optimism and hope. Support your answer with examples from the text.
Ans: Mr. Lamb exemplifies optimism and hope through his acceptance of lifeâs imperfections. Despite losing a leg in the war, he dismisses it, saying, "Tin doesnât hurt." He finds beauty in all life, even calling weeds âalive, growing,â challenging conventional judgments about appearance. His open garden symbolizes his open heart, welcoming everyone regardless of their flaws. Mr. Lamb encourages Derry, a boy with a scarred face, to embrace life, stating that he has âtwo arms, two legs, eyes, ears, a tongue, and a brain.â Through his words and actions, Mr. Lamb teaches Derry to look beyond physical appearances, inspiring him to live with a positive outlook on life.
Q2. What gave Derry the courage to go back to Mr. Lambâs house despite his motherâs refusal?
Derry returns to Mr. Lamb's house, defying his mother, because Mr. Lamb's words deeply resonate with him. For the first time, he encounters someone who doesnât judge him by his appearance but sees him as an individual with potential. Mr. Lambâs encouragement to âlook, listen, and thinkâ opens Derryâs mind to new perspectives, and he finds a sense of belonging and understanding that he doesnât experience elsewhere. This motivates Derry to confront his fears and insecurities, as he realizes he wants to explore life fully. Mr. Lambâs influence instills in Derry the courage to break free from his isolation.
Q3. Derek wants to go back to Mr. Lamb's House against his mother's will. What does this tell you about Mr. Lamb?
Ans: Derryâs determination to return to Mr. Lambâs house shows Mr. Lambâs deep impact on him. Mr. Lamb is not merely a stranger but a mentor who encourages Derryâs growth. His genuine kindness, resilience, and nonjudgmental outlook make him a powerful influence, instilling confidence in Derry that he never received from others. Derry's willingness to defy his motherâs instructions reveals the trust and respect he has for Mr. Lamb, who offers him acceptance and a positive view on life. This demonstrates Mr. Lambâs remarkable ability to uplift others, even those burdened by hardship, making him a transformative figure in Derryâs life.
2022
Q4. Who is Mr. Lamb? How does Derry get into his garden?
Ans: Mr. Lamb is an elderly man with a physical disabilityâhe has a tin leg, which he lost in the war. He lives alone in a large house with an open garden, filled with plants, trees, and a beehive. Known for his kindness and wisdom, Mr. Lamb keeps the garden gate open, inviting anyone who wishes to enter. His outlook on life is optimistic; he finds beauty in everything, including weeds, and encourages others to look beyond appearances.
Derry, a young boy with a scarred face, enters Mr. Lambâs garden by climbing over the wall, assuming the place is deserted. Drawn by the peaceful environment, Derry explores the garden, unaware that Mr. Lamb is watching him.
Q5. How did Mr. Lamb's conversation and company change Derry's desire to isolate himself from the society?
Mr. Lambâs acceptance and philosophy challenge Derryâs desire for isolation. Unlike others who pity him, Mr. Lamb treats Derry as an equal, reminding him that âitâs whatâs inside that matters.â His stories of children calling him âLamey-Lambâ demonstrate how he accepts his own imperfections without resentment. Mr. Lambâs outlook encourages Derry to reject self-pity and to see the world as a place of potential beauty, even if flawed. Through Mr. Lambâs openness and understanding, Derryâs perception shifts, and he begins to realize that he, too, can connect with others without being defined solely by his appearance.
Q6. Imagine you are Derry speaking at the funeral of Mr. Lamb highlighting Mr. Lambâs optimism and the change he brought about in your attitude towards life. You may begin like this.
Dear friends, I will be eternally grateful to Mr. Lamb âŚâŚ
(All India 2024 | set 1/5/1)
Ans:
Dear friends,
I will be eternally grateful to Mr. Lamb, who transformed my life in ways I never thought possible. When I first met him, I was bitter, isolated, and full of self-pity because of my scarred face. I believed everyone saw me as nothing but ugly. But Mr. Lamb saw beyond my scars; he taught me to look past whatâs on the outside and see the beauty within myself and others. He often said, âItâs all life, growing, just like the weeds in the garden.â He taught me that everything, even what seems unwanted, has worth.
Mr. Lambâs optimism showed me that life is meant to be embraced, not feared. He encouraged me to face the world with courage and live fully, regardless of what others think. Today, I am stronger, braver, and no longer afraid to be myselfâall because of Mr. Lambâs friendship and wisdom. His spirit of kindness and resilience will live on in me forever.
Q7. Derry : Itâs got nothing to do with my face and what I look like. You do agree with Derry that appearance doesnât define a person. Only oneâs potential and innate qualities gain one respect and dignity in society. As Derry, write a diary entry regretting how you wasted your time indulging in self-pity and frustration and how your encounter with Mr. Lamb transformed your personality. You may begin like this.
I do really thank my stars for bringing Mr. Lamb into my life âŚâŚ
Ans:
Time: 21:00 hrs
Dear Diary,
I do really thank my stars for bringing Mr. Lamb into my life. Before meeting him, I spent so much time drowning in self-pity, believing that my scar defined me. I was certain that people saw nothing beyond my disfigured face, and I let that belief limit my life. Looking back, I realize how much time I wasted in bitterness and isolation.
But Mr. Lamb changed everything. He showed me that appearance is only a small part of who we are. He made me understand that self-worth comes from within, from our potential, our dreams, and how we choose to see the world. He saw value in everything, even the weeds, and he helped me see that I, too, have worth beyond my appearance. Now, I feel stronger, and Iâm ready to face the world without fear. I owe this newfound courage to Mr. Lamb and his unshakable optimism.
Q8. Physically impaired people have to suffer pain and a sense of alienation due to the behaviour of the people around them. Itâs ironical that people who should be treated with empathy are either avoided or pitied. Discuss. (All india 2024 | Set 1/3/1)
Ans: Physically impaired people often suffer emotional pain and a sense of alienation due to the insensitive behavior of others. Ironically, those deserving empathy are often either avoided or pitied, exacerbating their isolation. In On The Face Of It, this harsh reality is depicted through Derry and Mr. Lamb. Derry, with a burnt face, faces constant rejection and taunting, which fosters his bitterness and mistrust of the world. Mr. Lamb, referred to as "Lamey Lamb" because of his disability, lives a solitary life and battles loneliness. Despite his positive outlook, he too experiences alienation. Both characters highlight that the disabled seek dignity, respect, and genuine acceptance, not sympathy. Societyâs behavior can either uplift or deepen their sense of inferiority. True empathy requires understanding and supporting their humanity, not just acknowledging their disabilities.
Q9. Why does Derry not like being with people ? ( All Iindia 2024 | Set 1/3/1)
Ans: Derry dislikes being with people because he feels they find his acid-burned face repulsive. He perceives rejection and lack of love from others, which fuels his sense of isolation. His oversensitivity about his appearance leads him to avoid social interactions, fearing judgment and pity.
Q10. Mr. Lamb: Lord, boy, youâve got two arms, two legs and eyes and earsâŚâŚ. You could get on better than all the rest. Optimism is the best tool to face challenges in life. Imagine you are Mr. Lamb. You want to give a motivational speech to a group of differently abled students urging them to be positive in their approach to life. Write the speech on behalf of Mr. Lamb.
You may begin like this. Hello ! Dear Students ! Believe in yourself. Nothing is impossible. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/4/1)
Ans
Hello! Dear Students!
Believe in yourself. Nothing is impossible if you approach life with courage and optimism. Remember, no disability is a handicap unless you make it one. Count your blessings, not your negatives. I lost a leg, but I never grieve over it. I donât take offence when people call me âLamey Lambâ because I know who I am and what I can achieve.
Your belief in yourself is the key to success. Be a support to yourself first; donât wait for others to lift you up. Embrace life with an open heart and be willing to learn and adapt. Challenges will come, but your strength lies in your positive approach. Like me, look at what you haveâtwo arms, two legs, eyes, earsâand know that you can get on better than the rest. Be fearless and embrace life with hope and joy.
Q11. Mr. Lamb: Oh, thereâs lot of things Iâve learned to do, and plenty of time for it. Years. I take it steady.â Mr. Lamb, despite his handicap learnt to be independent and has proved where there is a will, there is a way. As a motivational speaker, write a speech to be delivered to school students, highlighting how one should develop resilience and determination to achieve oneâs goal citing references from this story. You may begin like this. To remain resilient during difficult times, will help one move forward in life. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/4/2 )
Ans:
Speech on Resilience and Determination
To remain resilient during difficult times will help one move forward in life. No disability or challenge should ever be seen as an insurmountable barrier. Problems and adversities are temporary, and facing them with a positive mindset builds true resilience. Determination is the cornerstone of success.
Mr. Lamb from On the Face of It exemplifies this perfectly. Despite his handicap and being called âLamey Lamb,â he never takes offence or lets negativity dictate his life. Living alone, he creates a fulfilling life by making toffees, leaving his gate open to welcome visitors, and ensuring there are no curtains to shut out the world. He keeps himself busy and learns to climb a ladder to pluck crab apples, showing that independence is achievable with willpower.
Let Mr. Lambâs story inspire you to face challenges head-on, stay positive, and be determined to achieve your goals. Resilience is your path to success.
MEMORIES OF CHILDHOOD
We Too Are Humans
What does Zitkala-Sa mean by eating by formula?
Ans: By "eating by formula," Zitkala-Sa refers to the regimented, mechanical dining process imposed on the Native American children at the boarding school. Each movement, from drawing a chair to picking up cutlery, is dictated by bells and overseen by authority figures. This âformulaicâ approach robs the act of eating of any comfort or personal freedom, symbolizing the school's rigid control over the children's lives. However, Zitkala-Sa suggests that even this lack of autonomy pales in comparison to the emotional anguish she feels from deeper cultural violations, such as the cutting of her hair.
Bama and Zitkala-Sa, though victims of a system that crushes their aspirations, are determined to break out. Comment. (120 150 words/ 5 Marks)
Ans: Both Bama and Zitkala-Sa face oppressive systems that seek to confine them to a predetermined social position, yet both display strong determination to resist. Zitkala-Sa, a Native American girl forced to cut her long hairâa sign of courage and traditionâdefiantly hides under a bed to avoid the scissors, fighting even as she is eventually caught and shorn. Her hair, which symbolizes her cultural identity, becomes a powerful marker of resistance as she experiences the pain of forced conformity. Similarly, Bama, a Dalit girl, encounters the sting of caste discrimination when witnessing an elder in her community humbly delivering food to an upper-caste man. Although she initially finds the scene amusing, her brother's explanation of the discriminatory practices fills her with anger, leading her to a resolve: she will excel academically to rise above such social constraints. These experiences reveal how both women, despite early encounters with injustice, channel their indignation into resistance, marking the beginning of their journeys toward autonomy and dignity.
In the two stories of Bama and Zitkala-Sa in the lesson of 'Memories of Childhood,' there are certain similarities of strength in the face of social challenges. Write a diary entry sharing your observations. (All India 2024 | Set 1/3/1)
Ans:
Time: 20:00 Hrs
Dear Diary,
Today, I read about two women, Bama and Zitkala-Sa, whose stories deeply moved me. Though from different backgroundsâBama, a Tamil Dalit, and Zitkala-Sa, a Native Americanâboth experienced harsh discrimination in their early years. Bama, through a seemingly simple act of an elder carrying food for an upper-caste man, understood the weight of caste oppression. Her reaction was powerful; rather than feel helpless, she resolved to succeed through education. Zitkala-Sa, on the other hand, fought to retain her cultural identity when her long hair, a symbol of pride and heritage, was forcibly cut by authorities. Each woman, in her own way, confronted societal norms, refusing to accept the subjugation imposed on them. Their resilience is inspiringâa reminder that even in the face of systemic injustice, courage and determination can become powerful tools for change.
Q4. âThe words that Annan spoke to me that day made a deep impression on meâ. What inference do you draw about the bond between Annan and Bama ? (Word Limit 40-50)| (All India 2024 | set 1/5/1)
The bond between Annan and Bama in Memories of Childhood is one of deep respect and guidance. Annanâs words make a lasting impact on Bama, particularly when he explains that education can help them overcome caste discrimination. When he says, âIf you are always ahead in your lessons, people will come to you of their own accord,â he inspires her to strive for excellence. This advice strengthens Bamaâs resolve to work hard and succeed, showing how Annanâs wisdom and encouragement empower her to face social injustice with determination.
Q5. Zitkala-Sa says, âEating by formula wasnât the hardest trial in that first day.â What does she mean by âEating by formulaâ ? ( All India 2024 | Set 1/1/1 )
By "eating by formula," Zitkala-Sa refers to the strict and regimented pattern of eating imposed on the Native American children in the boarding school. The bells dictated every action: the first bell signaled moving into the dining room, the second bell indicated when to start praying, and the third bell told them when to sit and use utensils like forks and knives to eat, all of which were unfamiliar and mechanical to her.
Q6. Justify the statement, âIt may take a long time for oppression to be resisted but the seeds of rebellion are sowed early in life.â ( All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1)
Ans: Zitkala-Sa faced deep humiliation at the Carlisle Indian School, where her self-respect was continually challenged by forced assimilation practices: wearing tight-fitting clothes, eating by formula, and the shingling of her hair. These experiences made her feel like a powerless animal, yet they sowed seeds of rebellion as she put up a fight against these injustices, signaling that the spirit to resist had taken root early in her life.
Similarly, Bama's anger was ignited when she understood the discriminatory practices against her community, symbolized by a man carrying a packet in a demeaning manner. This realization provoked her and fueled her belief that her people should no longer perform menial tasks for the oppressors. Education became her tool to resist, empowering her to rise above and challenge the unfair treatment.
These stories show that while resistance might take time to manifest fully, the seeds of defiance are planted in childhood, spurred by early experiences of injustice.
Q7. âThen I lost my spirit.â What are the incidents that led Zitkala-Sa to feel this way? ( All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1)
Ans: Zitkala-Sa felt, âThen I lost my spirit,â after a series of dehumanizing incidents. She was dragged from under the bed, forcibly tied to a chair, and had her hair shingled against her will. For her, cutting hair symbolized mourning and cowardice, stripping away her cultural identity and pride. This forced submission made her feel defeated, causing her to lose the spirit to fight against the oppressive system.
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