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Word Substitution, Cloze Test, Error Detection, Synonyms, Antonyms, Idioms, Phrasal Verbs Q.1 Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence. If there is no need to substitute it, select No improvement. My shoes were worn out so I had to buy a new one. Ans 1. a new ones 2. No improvement 3. the new one's 4. new ones Q.2 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in reported speech. She said to me," What time is your flight tomorrow?" Ans 1. She asked me what time is my flight the next day. 2. She asked me that what time was my flight tomorrow. 3. She asked me what time my flight was the following day. 4. She asked me what time my flight will be the next day. Q.3 Select the INCORRECTLY spelt word. Ans 1. Pierce 2. Piteous 3. Pursue 4. Patrner Q4. Select the INCORRECTLY spelt word. Ans 1. Nuisance 2. Negligible 3. Negociate 4. Necessary Q.5 Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom. Blow one's own trumpet Ans 1. Condemn others 2. Praise oneself 3. Follow others 4. Be self-reliant Q.6 In the sentence identify the segment which contains the grammatical error. Deepa walked down the road slowly without looking anybody. Ans 1. down the road 2. Deepa walked 3. looking anybody 4. slowly without Comprehension: In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Select the most appropriate option to fill each blank. Watermelon is thought to have originated in Africa's Kalahari Desert. Believe it (1)______ not, the first recorded watermelon harvest (2)______ nearly 5000 years ago in Egypt and is (3)______ in Egyptian hieroglyphics on the walls of their (4)______ buildings. This fruit was often placed (5)______ the burial tombs of kings to provide nourishment in the afterlife. Q.7 Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank 1. Ans 1. and 2. but 3. if 4. or Q.8 Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank 2. Ans 1. contained 2. produced 3. occurred 4. discovered Watermelon is thought to have originated in Africa's Kalahari Desert. Believe it (1)______ not, the first recorded watermelon harvest (2)______ nearly 5000 years ago in Egypt and is (3)______ in Egyptian hieroglyphics on the walls of their (4)______ buildings. This fruit was often placed (5)______ the burial tombs of kings to provide nourishment in the afterlife. Q.9 Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank 3. Ans 1. directed 2. distributed 3. depicted 4. diverted Q.10 Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank 4. Ans 1. obsolete 2. ancient 3. elderly 4. outdated Watermelon is thought to have originated in Africa's Kalahari Desert. Believe it (1)______ not, the first recorded watermelon harvest (2)______ nearly 5000 years ago in Egypt and is (3)______ in Egyptian hieroglyphics on the walls of their (4)______ buildings. This fruit was often placed (5)______ the burial tombs of kings to provide nourishment in the afterlife. Q.11 Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank 5. Ans 1. along 2. with 3. in 4. after Q.12 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in passive voice. Martin drew a picture of the snow-capped mountains. Ans 1. A picture of the snow-capped mountains is being drawn by Martin. 2. A picture of the snow-capped mountains is drawn by Martin. 3. A picture of the snow-capped mountains was drawn by Martin. 4. A picture of the snow-capped mountains has been drawn by Martin. Q.13 Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence. If there is no need to substitute it, select No improvement. He sing always when he is having a shower. Ans 1. He always sing 2. Always he is singing 3. He always sings 4. No improvement Q.14 Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word. IMPLORE Ans 1. Honour 2. Plead 3. Command 4. Refuse Q.15 Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word. VIGILANT Ans 1. Cautious 2. Alert 3. Rash 4. Wary Q.16 Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word. FLEXIBLE Ans 1. Supple 2. Stiff 3. Stale 4. Soft Q.17 In the sentence identify the segment which contains the grammatical error. Everything that I like to eat are fattening. Ans 1. Everything that 2. are fattening 3. I like 4. to eat Q.18 Select the most appropriate one word substitution for the given group of words. A person very reserved in speech Ans 1. Confident 2. Reticent 3. Adamant 4. Eloquent Q.19 Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom. Spill the beans Ans 1. Waste money 2. Work hard 3. Perform magic 4. Give away a secret Q.20 Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank. The students went to their ______ classes after the morning assembly. Ans 1. respective 2. respectable 3. respectful 4. respected Q.21 Select the most appropriate one word substitution for the given group of words. A place where clothes are kept Ans 1. Coffin 2. Hangar 3. Shaft 4. Wardrobe Q.22 Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word. GLORIOUS Ans 1. gentle 2. unusual 3. enormous 4. splendid Q.23 Given below are four jumbled sentences. Out of the given options pick the one that gives their correct order. A. He then called out to the people but by then only a red glow was visible in the sky. B. At first, he thought it was a stuck kite. C. Bheema was visiting his fields when he spotted a rising disc shaped object. D. But when it started rising higher and emitted light, he was shocked. Ans 1. CBDA 2. BDAC 3. BACD 4. CDAB Q.24 Given below are four jumbled sentences. Out of the given options pick the one that gives their correct order. A. It requires physical endurance, which can be built with training and exercise. B. Truly strong personalities meet challenges of life bravely and face hardships with equanimity. C. However, strength of character is a personality trait or a quality. D. Physical strength is the ability to cope with a physically challenging task. Ans 1. BACD 2. DBCA 3. DACB 4. CBAD Q.25 Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank. The government has warned the traders not to ______ onions. Ans 1. gross 2. hoard 3. combine 4. bulk Answer Key Q1. 4 Q2. 3 Q3. 4 Q4. 3 Q5. 2 Q6. 3 Q7. 4 Q8. 3 Q9. 3 Q10. 2 Q11. 3 Q12. 3. Q13. 3 Q14. 2 Q 15. 3 Q16. 2 Q17. 2 Q18. 2 Q19. 14. Q20. 1 Q21. 4 Q22. 4 Q23. 1 Q24. 3 Q25. 2

Graham: What time is it? Aren’t we running behind time? Lucy: It’s quarter to nine. We’re on time. Don’t panic. Graham: But I thought we had to be at the office by 8.30. We’ll never make it there with all this heavy traffic. Lucy: Sure we will. We’re supposed to reach there by 9.15. There’s no need to worry. We shall reach at 9 on the dot. Graham: Then, I don’t think I have reasons to worry about. While returning we’ve got to start early to avoid the traffic. Lucy: Surely, We will. Analysis: 1. What time is it: We use this sentence to enquire about the time of the day. 2. running behind time: This phrase is used to indicate that someone is getting late in the process of doing something. 3. quarter to nine: This phrase is used in response to an inquiry about time. This phrase means that ‘ fifteen minutes are left to be nine o’ clock. Note: Quarter: a period of 15 minutes either before or after the specified time. ‘Quarter past nine’ means 9:15. 4. Panic: Panic means ‘ feel frightened suddenly’. Ex: Don’t panic. Everything is okay. 5. Make it there: a) to succeed in reaching a place in time, especially when this is difficult. e.g. The flight leaves in twenty minutes—we'll never make it. b) to be able to be present at a place e.g. I'm sorry I won't be able to make it (= for example, to a party) on Saturday. 6. on the dot (informal) exactly on time or at the exact time mentioned. e.g. a) The taxi showed up on the dot. b) Breakfast is served at 8 on the dot. c) Please tell him I’ll call him on the dot of twelve. 7. have got to: used to show that you must do something. e.g. Sorry, I've got to go/ You've got to do this work. Reference: Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English by A. S. Hornby (OUP)

Let's Pull up Our Socks in Interactive English. Graham: Hello, Lucy ! Please be seated. How are you doing? Lucy: Not well, doctor. I’ve been down with flue. Graham: How long have you had this symptom? Lucy: About three days now. I feel dead tired as well. Graham: I see. Is cough accompanied with the flu? Lucy: Not at all. But I’ve got extreme body ache. Graham: I’ve prescribed aspirin, which you need to take every four hours. Lucy: Is there any dietary restrictions, doctor? Graham: Not exactly. Take plenty of rest and make sure you drink lots of fluids. Lucy: Thanks a lot. Have a Nice Day. Graham: You are welcome. Analysis: 1. Please be seated: We use this expression to ask someone to sit. You can also say ‘ Have a Seat’ in this situation. 2. How are you doing? This is another way of asking ‘ How are you’. ‘How are you doing’ is used exclusively in informal situation. 3. down with: This phrase is used in informal situation . This phrase means ‘suffer from’. Instead of saying ‘I’m suffering from’, you can say I’m down with flu….. 4. How long have you had: This expression means that ‘since when have you been suffering from….’. These are typical spoken English terms used informally in daily conversation. 5. dead tired: ‘dead tired’ means absolute tired. ‘Dead’ in this context means 'extremely' e.g. The car gave a sudden jerk and came to a dead stop. 6. accompanied with: This phrase means ‘ if something else also happens. e.g. fever accompanied with cold. She is accompanied by her husband on the trip. 7. dietary restrictions: This phrase means ‘ restrictions about food.’ Lucy here asks whether there is any restriction on her food intake due to flu. 8. make sure: to check something has been done. e.g. She looked around to make sure that she was alone. e.g.I think the door's locked, but I'll just go and make sure.

Synonyms, Antonyms, Idioms, Prepositions, Error Detection, Cloze Test, Sequential Order etc Q.1 Select the most appropriate word to fill in the blank. It is an ______ day to start your new business. Ans 1. auspicious 2. audacious 3. occasional 4. ominous Q.2 Select the antonym of the given word. HILARIOUS Ans 1. Happy 2. Merry 3. Blithe 4. Sad Q.3 Select the synonym of the given word. PATHETIC Ans 1. Pitiful 2. Curious 3. Insignificant 4. Dull Q.4 Select the most appropriate word to substitute the underlined word of the given sentence. If no substitution is required, select ‘No improvement’. There is a great degrade in values in modern age. Ans 1. degradation of values 2. No improvement 3. demonstration from values 4. deliberation for values Q.5 Select the correct indirect form of the given sentence. He said to me, "What are you doing?" Ans 1. He said that what I was doing. 2. He said what I had been doing. 3. He asked me what I was doing. 4. He asked me that what was I doing Q.6 In the sentence identify the segment which contains the grammatical error. The modern man is busy acquiring more and more wealth and designing ways to invest it in more sense pleasures. Ans 1. modern man is busy 2. acquiring more and more wealth 3. in more sense pleasures 4. designing ways to invest it Comprehension: In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank. Machines were made to be man's servants. Yet, man has grown so (1)______ on them that they are in a fair way to become his (2)______. Already men spend most of their lives looking after and waiting (3)______ machines. Machines are very stern bosses. They must be fed with coal and (4)______ petrol to drink and oil to wash with and must be kept at an (5)______ temperature. Sub Question No : 7 Q.7 Select the most appropriate option for blank no. 1 Ans 1. dependent 2. inferior 3. subordinate 4. helpless Sub Question No : 8 Q.8 Select the most appropriate option for blank no. 2 Ans 1. victims 2. masters 3. slaves 4. administrators Sub Question No : 9 Q.9 Select the most appropriate option for blank no. 3 Ans 1. into 2. upon 3. under 4. from Sub Question No : 10 Q.10 Select the most appropriate option for blank no. 4 Ans 1. gave 2. give 3. given 4. gives Sub Question No : 11 Q.11 Select the most appropriate option for blank no. 5 Ans 1. optimist 2. outdated 3. optimum 4. optional Q.12 Select the most appropriate word to fill in the blank. He ______ a heinous crime. Ans 1. made 2. committed 3. occurred 4. happened Q.13 Select the most appropriate segment to substitute the underlined segment of the given sentence. If no substitution is required select ‘No improvement’ A man in need pleaded for help. Ans 1. No improvement 2. promised for help 3. commanded to help 4. requested for helping Q.14 Given below are four jumbled sentences. Out of the given options pick the one that gives their correct order. A. Can I borrow your camera? B. I will give it back to you next week. C. I am going to jungle safari tomorrow. D. My friend told me that jungle is beautiful in these days. Ans 1. ADBC 2. CDAB 3. CADB 4. BACD Q.15 Select the wrongly spelt word. Ans 1. Mansion 2. Ostentasion 3. Extension 4. Persuasion Q.16 Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom On shank's mare Ans 1. On foot 2. On a lion 3. On a bicycle 4. On an elephant Q.17 Select the correct active form of the given sentence. The thief was being arrested by the police. Ans 1. The police had arrested the thief. 2. The police arrested the thief. 3. The police has arrested the thief. 4. The police was arresting the thief. Q.18 Given below are four jumbled sentences. Out of the given options pick the one that gives their correct order. A. Nevertheless, sound health, economic security and mental satisfaction are desired by all B. A change that is conducive to happiness may be termed as progress. C. But different people find happiness in different things. D. So, If a change contributes to the growth of these factors, it is progress. Ans 1. BDCA 2. BCAD 3. DBCA 4. ABCD Q.19 Select the synonym of the given word. PENITENCE Ans 1. Patience 2. Admiration 3. Repentance 4. Misery Q.20 Select the wrongly spelt word. Ans 1. Practicle 2. Flexible 3. Elegant 4. Flashy Q.21 Select one word for the following group of words. One who leaves his own country to settle in another Ans 1. Foreigner 2. Native 3. Tourist 4. Emigrant Q.22 Select one word for the following group of words. A period of ten years Ans 1. Millennium 2. Decade 3. Century 4. Fortnight Q.23 In the sentence identify the segment which contains the grammatical error. The Prime Minister, along with the other ministers have left for America. Ans 1. for America 2. The Prime Minister along with 3. have left 4. the other ministers Q.24 Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom A snake in the grass Ans 1 . A secret enemy 2. A good friend 3. A well-wisher 4. Difficult to find Q.25 Select the antonym of the given word. VICIOUS Ans 1. Unfortunate 2. Virtuous 3. Sinful 4. Baneful Note: Answer Key will be uploaded very soon. If you are able to correct 20/25, you are brilliant in English language.

Cloze Test, Error Detection, Synonyms, Antonyms etc. Dear Aspirants of English Olympiad/SSC/Bank/Railway Exams, There is a set of 20 questions given below. Solve these questions and then check your answers, which are given at the bottom of the page. Directions (Q1 to Q5) In these questions, some parts of the sentences have errors and some are correct. Find out which part of a sentence has an error and select that part (A), (B), (c) as your answer. If a sentence is free from error, then (D) is your answer. 1. There are a some occasions (A)/ when the prince steps out of his estate (B)/and joins a stream of paupers (c)/No error (D) 2. A man who has never tasted the bitterness of adversity (A)/does not know where the shoe pinches (B)/and cannot, therefore, feel for the distress (C)/ No error (D) 3. Anil go to a restaurant ( A) /took a cup of coffee ( B) / paid the bill and came out (c)/ No error (D) 4. I think we should (A)/agree to (B) Sue’s proposal (C)/No error (D) 5. It is strange that even after ( A) /learning music for five years ( B) / he still cannot hum a tune correct ( c) / No error ( D) Directions ( Q6-10) In these questions, sentences are given with blanks to be filled in with an appropriate word(s). Four alternatives are suggested for each question. Choose the correct alternative out of the four. 6. __________ work is more enjoyable than compulsory work. a) Mechanical b) Temporary (c) Voluntary (D) Slavish 7. No one ________ more than ten rupees for the doll. a) Bidden (b) bade (c) bid (d) bidded 8. We cannot _________ such dreadful behaviour a) Condone (b) conduct (c) constrain (d) condense. 9. Keep cordial relationship with the parents and _______ them with respect. a) Trait b) tread c) treat d) trite 10. His _____role as composer and conductor at the concert was appreciated by one and all. a) Duel b) duet c) dual d) dues Directions: (Q11-Q15) In these questions out of four alternatives, choose the one which best expresses the meaning of the given word. 11. Plagiarise a) Criticise b) summarise c) copy d) exercise. 12. Quandary a) A good mental state b) a state of doubt c) a state of perplexity d) a state of hesitation. 13. Tetchy a) thrashy b) testy c) touchy d) tasty 14. Procrastinate a) Postpone b) accelerate c) proceed d) exacerbate 15. Gallantry a) Maverick b) valour c) cowardice d) Fearfulness. Directions (Q16-Q20) In these questions, choose the word opposite in meaning to the given word. 16. Profligate a) thrifty b) rich c) generous d) spendthrift 17. Humility a) Smart b) pride c) selfish d) frank 18. Barren a) Rich b) fertile c) idle d) little 19. Ally a) Stranger (b) companion (c) Opponent (d) friend 20. Veracious a) Complicated b) dishonest c) honest d) simple Word-Bank Answer Key Q1. (A) Q2. (c) Q3. (A) Q4. (D) Q5. (C) Q6. (c) Q7. (c) Q8. (a) Q9. (c) Q10. (c) Q11 (c) Q12. (b) Q13. (b) Q14. (a) Q15. (b) Q16. (a) Q17. (b), Q18 (b) Q19 ( c) Q20. (b)

Topic: One Word Substitution 1.A person who talks much is ...........( garrulous) 2. A person who loves mankind is .......... ( philanthropist) 3.A person who hates mankind is ............( misanthropist) 4. A person who does not believe in God is ...... ( atheist) 5. A person who cannot pay off his debts is...... ( insolvent) 6. A student who stays away from the school/class ...... (truant) 7. A person who stays away from alcoholic drinks...... ( teetotaler) 8. A person who remains indifferent to pain or pleasure ....... (stoic) 9. A person who looks at the bright side of life ........ ( optimist) 10 A person who looks at the dark side of life ........ ( pessimist) 11.A person who knows many languages..... ( linguist) 12. A person who is experience in a field ......... ( veteran) 13. A person who is new or inexperienced in a field...... ( novice) 14. A person who has sweet and friendly nature ........ ( amicable) 15. A person who believes easily...... ( credulous) 16. A person who dies for his country ........(martyr) 17. A person who does not love his country ....... ( traitor) 18. A place where birds are kept...... ( aviary) 19. A place where pigs are kept ..... ( sty) 20. A place for keeping dogs..... ( kennel) 21. A place where clothes are washed and ironed ..... ( laundry) 22. A place where fish are kept...... ( aquarium) 23. A place where fruits are grown......... (orchard) 24. A child born after the death of his father .... ( posthumous) 25. The act of killing human beings....... ( homicide) 26. Mass killing of the people of own kind....( genocide) 27. The dead body of a human being....... ( corpse) 28. The dead body of an animal........ ( carcass) 29. A place where dead bodies are kept temporarily.... ( mortuary) 30. An inscription on a tomb ..... ( epitaph) 31. A Vehicle for carrying dead bodies to the cemetery ( hearse) 32. A speech made without preparation ....... ( extempore) 33. A book containing names and address of people.... ( directory) 34. A word or term no more in use ........ ( obsolete) 35. Life account of a person ....... ( biography) 36. An account of life written by self...... ( autobiography) 37. An instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure... ( barometer) 38. An instrument for seeing distant objects more clearly.... ( binocular) 39. An instrument for tracing the movement of heart.... ( cardiograph) 40. A book containing information of all subjects........ ( encyclopedia) 41. A book of accounts showing debits and credits.... ( ledger) 42. The study of human society....... ( sociology) 43. The study of human origin, institutions and beliefs...... ( anthropology) 44. The science of the origin and history of universe....... (cosmology) 45. A specialist in mental disorders......... ( psychiatrist) 46. The science of the diseases of the human body...... ( pathology) 47. A doctor who treats the disease of bones..... ( orthopedic) 48. Revolot against a lawful authority...... ( mutiny) 49. A doctor who treats heart diseases..... ( cardiologist) 50. To cut off an infected part of a person's body....... ( amputate) ....... ( To be continued)

Coronavirus, Covid-19, quarantine, lockdown, to name a few are surely the words of the year. Originating in a city of China, the virus has crossed the bounds of national boundaries, travelling across the globe, infecting people, economy, and what not. The nations today are fighting not only against an invisible virus. But the whole ocean of fake news, myths, social media messages pose a serious threat to the humankind. World Health Organisation (WHO), even before declaring Coronavirus outbreak a ‘pandemic’, labelled the spread of information a “massive ‘infodemic’- an “overabundance” of information that makes it difficult for people to identify truthful and trustworthy sources from false or misleading ones. Contagion of misinformation regarding Coronavirus has resulted into a situation of panic, anxiety and a whole range of misconceptions regarding the risks of Coronavirus. This is not the first time a global outbreak is accompanied by misinformation, fake news and myths, but the emergence of new social media platforms, especially WhatsApp, has amplified such messages. There are approximately 1.5 billion users of WhatsApp. Social media now is one of most powerful tools to have influence on people’s opinions and actions and even to manipulate them. Amidst the massive lockdowns and quarantines, social media has gained much more importance than ever. With Social Distancing, social media has become the platform to connect to family, relatives, colleagues and friends. With the fear of getting infected with Coronavirus through newspapers, people are left with no other option than social media to consume daily news. This is a perfect setting for the flow of misinformation. An article in the Indian Express newspaper termed India as a mobile- first nation most of the rural India reads the news on smartphones rather than newspapers. The article also mentions that WhatsApp has revolutionised the way people view and share the news and WhatsApp groups have become a popular medium to get news content. And lack of filtering on online platforms neglects the authenticity of the message. Sloman and Fernbach in their book ‘The Knowledge Illusion’ explain that much of our decision-making is not based on individual rationality but from shared group level narratives. This makes people even more vulnerable in such a time of a global pandemic full of panic and anxiety and especially when there is no complete knowledge about the nature of Coronavirus. There are numerous stories, messages and videos floating on social media, explaining about the household cures and methods to protect oneself from Coronavirus. This spread of misinformation can lead to misconceptions and panic even to the extent of taking someone’s life. Kiran S, an IPS officer, in an article published in the Indian Express urges people to perform information hygiene. Kiran says, “We are not doing the society any good by an unassuming click on our phones to forward the conspiracy theories and magic cures during the times of this pandemic.... The idea (of information hygiene) is to verify and authenticate the news before believing and more so sharing the same.” It is good to see that governments, social media sites, technology companies are trying to stop the flow of these fake news and myths. WHO has started their own myth busting page – “Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public: Myth busters”. Google has created an SOS Alert on COVID-19 for those searching about corona virus in six official UN languages and is expanding in other languages to ensure that the first information public receives is from the WHO website. Facebook CEO Mark Zukerberg has promised to ban ads that promise “cures” for the Covid-19 virus. Amazon has banned more than a million products that claim to prevent or cure the infection from coronavirus. Twitter has set up a “dedicated search prompt” in India with a link to the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. The Press Information Bureau releases a daily bulletin at 8 pm every day to inform the Centre’s decisions and developments and progress on the deadly COVID-19. This is done in line with the Supreme Court directive that a daily bulletin system with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic be made active within 24 hours by the government through all media avenues. Some common myths related to Coronavirus and their facts given by WHO are as follows: 1. COVID-19 virus cannot be transmitted in areas with hot and humid climates: This is untrue. WHO says that regardless of climate conditions, maintain social distancing and adopt protective measures in whichever demographic area you live in or travel to or in an area where people have tested positive for COVID-19 and the best way to protect is by frequently washing hands. 2. Cold weather and snow can kill the Novel Corona Virus: WHO says there is no reason to believe that cold weather can kill the new coronavirus or other diseases. The normal human body temperature remains around 36.5°C to 37°C, regardless of the external temperature or weather. 3. Taking a hot bath prevent Covid-19 Disease: Taking a hot bath will not prevent you from catching COVID-19. Your normal body temperature remains around 36.5°C to 37°C, regardless of the temperature of your bath or shower. Actually, taking a hot bath with extremely hot water can be harmful, as it can cause burn injuries instead. 4. The Novel Corona Virus can be transmitted through Mosquito bites: According to WHO, to date there has been no information or evidence to suggest that the new coronavirus could be transmitted by mosquitoes. The new coronavirus is a respiratory virus which spreads primarily through droplets generated when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose. 5. Are hand dryers effective in killing the new coronavirus? WHO says that no, hand dryers are not effective in killing the 2019-nCoV. To protect yourself against the new coronavirus, you should frequently clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap and water. 6. Can an ultraviolet disinfection lamp kill the new coronavirus? UV lamps should not be used to sterilize hands or other areas of skin as UV radiation can be harmful and can cause skin irritation. 7. How effective are thermal scanners in detecting people infected with the new Coronavirus? Thermal scanners are effective in detecting people who have a fever (i.e. have a higher than normal body temperature). They cannot detect people who are infected with COVID-19. 8. Can spraying Alcohol or Chlorine all over your body kill the new Coronavirus? No, spraying alcohol or chlorine all over the body can not kill viruses that have already entered the body. Spraying such substances can be harmful to clothes or mucous membranes. Both alcohol and chlorine based solutions are used to disinfect surfaces, but they need to be used under appropriate recommendations. 9. Do vaccines against pneumonia protect you against the new Coronavirus? WHO says that vaccines against pneumonia, such as pneumococcal vaccine and Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib) vaccine, do not provide protection against the new coronavirus. The virus is so new and different that it needs its own vaccine. Researchers are trying to develop a vaccine against 2019-nCoV, and WHO is supporting their efforts. Although these vaccines are not effective against 2019-nCoV, vaccination against respiratory illnesses is highly recommended to protect your health. 10. Can regularly rinsing your nose with saline help prevent infection with the new Coronavirus? No. There is no evidence that regularly rinsing the nose with saline has protected people from infection with the new coronavirus. There is some limited evidence that regularly rinsing nose with saline can help people recover more quickly from the common cold. However, regularly rinsing the nose has not been shown to prevent respiratory infections. 11. Can eating garlic help prevent infection with the new Coronavirus? Garlic is a healthy food that may have some antimicrobial properties. However, there is no evidence from the current outbreak that eating garlic has protected people from the new coronavirus. 12. Does the new coronavirus affect older people, or are younger people also susceptible? People of all ages can be infected by the new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Older people and people with pre-existing medical conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, and heart disease) appear to be more vulnerable to becoming severely ill with the virus. WHO advises people of all ages to take steps to protect themselves from the virus, for example by following good hand hygiene and good respiratory hygiene. 13. Are antibiotics effective in preventing and treating the new Coronavirus? No, antibiotics do not work against viruses, only bacteria. The new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a virus and, therefore, antibiotics should not be used as a means of prevention or treatment. However, if you are hospitalized for the 2019-nCoV, you may receive antibiotics because bacterial co-infection is possible. 14. Drinking alcohol can cure Covid-19: There is no evidence whatsoever to support this hypothesis. The harmful use of alcohol increases your risk of health problems. 15. You can avoid the virus by drinking warm water every 15 minutes: Ther is no evidence to support these claims. But keeping oneself well hydrated is always better. 16. Only people with symptoms of Covid-19 can spread the disease: Even people with the Covid-19 infection but no symptoms can spread the disease. 17. Pets at home can spread the new coronavirus: There is no evidence that pets such as dogs or cats can be infected with the new Coronavirus. However, it is always a good idea to wash your hands with soap and water after getting in contact with pets. 18. Tab Hydroxychloroquine can prevent Covid-19: This is untrue. It is advised not to self medicate. It can lead to serious complications. Michelle Williams, Dean of the Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health and K Viswanath, professor at the Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, in a recent article discuss five ways of combating misinformation: Educating oneself about COVID-19 to be able to dismiss any untrue information; pausing and verifying before sharing or forwarding by tracing the source; maintaining a healthy dose of “scepticism” by not spreading/forwarding messages that provoke fear and intolerance; accepting a level of prevailing uncertainty as researchers are still learning more about the virus and avoid filling the gap with misinformation and to stay informed by checking credible and reliable sources of information. Thus to conclude, the need of the hour is to protect ourselves by curbing the misinformation.

Graham: Hi, Lucy! How is it going? Lucy: Fine, thanks—and you? Graham: Just fine. Where are you off to? Lucy: To the Library. I’ve got a Science exam next week and need to start studying. Ugh. Graham: Oh, no. Well, I’ll see you later then. Good luck! Lucy: Thanks. See you later. Analysis: “Hi” is an informal way of saying “hello.” “How is it going?” is an informal way of saying “How are you?” Notice the rising intonation on “and you?” This shows that Lucy is interested in what Graham has to say. “Where are you off to?” is an informal way of saying “Where are you going?” “To the library.” Notice that Lucy does not say “I’m going” here because that information was already established in the question Ugh: expression people make when they think that something is disgusting or unpleasant e.g: Ugh! How can you eat that stuff? “Oh, no” is a way of saying “I sympathize with you” or “I understand you are not happy.” Note: used to express surprise, fear, joy, etc Oh, how wonderful! Oh no, I've broken it! “See you later” is an informal way of saying “goodbye.”

Graham: Good morning, Lucy, how are you doing? Lucy: Good morning, Graham. I am doing well. And you? Graham: I’m great, thank you. This is my friend Ranjita. She is thinking about applying to this college. Would you mind telling us about the process, please? Lucy: Hello, Ranjita. It’s a pleasure to meet you. I’m more than happy to speak with you. Please meet me once next week. Graham: It’s a pleasure to meet you, Lucy. Thank you so much for helping us. Lucy: Don’t mention it. Hopefully, I will be able to help your friend out! Analysis: The greetings good morning/good afternoon/good evening are used at different times of the day to greet people. “Good evening” is often used after 6 p.m. or generally when the sun has set. “Good night” is not a greeting: It is used when leaving a place or group of people. Thank you and good night!/Good night, and see you tomorrow. How are you doing is used to enquire about your well-being. Another way of saying ‘ how are you’? Would you mind telling… This expression is used to ask for permission to do something, or to ask somebody in a polite way to do something. e.g Do you mind if I open the window?/ Would you mind explaining this poem to me? Note: would you mind is always followed by -ing of V1 ( Verb 1) e.g would you mind calling me in the afternoon? “Don’t mention it” is another way of saying “You’re welcome.” The phrase “You are welcome” is more formal. However, responses such as Don’t mention it./No problem./ Happy to help are informal ways of responding.

Lesson Architecture 1. Story-At-A-Glance 2. NCERT Questions 3. Short Extra Questions STORY-AT-A-GLANCE This story is about two tribal Armenian boys who belonged to the Garoghlanian tribe. The story talks about an incident that revolves around two cousins Aram who is nine years old and Mourad who is thirteen. Aram narrates a story of his childhood when he was nine. He admired his cousin Mourad who was considered crazy by everyone of his tribe. Early one morning, Mourad tapped on Aram’s window and Aram jumped out of his window and was utterly surprised to see that his cousin Mourad was sitting on a beautiful white horse. Mourad asked Aram if he wanted to ride the horse. Aram being passionate about horses, could not turn down the offer. Poverty was characteristic of their entire tribe. However, they were renowned for their honesty which every member practised as a tradition for centuries. Aram knew that Mourad could never buy the horse. A member of the Garoghlanian family could never be a thief. Aram tried to justify Mourad’s possession of the horse by telling himself that stealing a horse for a ride could not be termed theft as he was not going to sell it. Moreover, Mourad was crazy about horses. Mourad had a crazy streak in him just like their uncle Khosrove. Uncle Khoosrove was a big man with a large moustache. He was irritable and impatient and always silenced everyone by a roar. Once his own son came to inform him that their house was on fire. Uncle Khosrove silenced him roaring that it no harm and not to pay any attention to it. Mourad wanted to ride alone. So he asked Aram to get down. Mourad kicked the horse and it broke into a furious speed that delighted Aram. After racing the horse across the field and an irrigation ditch, they returned dripping wet. Not Aram leaped on to the horse, but the horse did not move. Mourad warned him that they had to get back before everyone got up. Aram kicked the horse and the horse rand down the road to a vineyard and began to leap over the vines. Aram fell down but the horse continued to run. They finally found the horse, but by then the whole world had woken up. Aram asked Mourad when he had stolen the horse and since when he had been taking these lessons, but Mourad replied that it was only since that morning. Mourad walked the horse quietly to the barn of a deserted vineyard. The horse calmed down and Mourad claimed that he had ‘a way’ with horses. The same afternoon , uncle Khosrove came to Aram’s house for coffee and cigarettes. As he was talking to the family, another visitor, an Assyrian farmer, John Byro, arrived. John was sad and regretted that his white horse had been stolen a month ago and could not be found. On hearing this uncle Khosrove became irritated and roared that after having lost their homeland, the loss of a horse was insignificant. Byro added that he had spent sixty dollars on the horse and now even his carriage was of no us. He had to walk ten miles on a painful left leg to get there. After Byro left, Aram hurried to Mourad’s house and told home of the farmer’s visit. He also requested Mourad not to return the horse until he had learnt to ride. Mourad roared that the horse must go back to its owner and said that learning to ride would take Aram almost a year. However, Mourad agreed to keep the horse for six more months and then return it. Every morning they took the horse to ride and as always the horse would throw Aram down and run into the vineyard. One morning, when the two boys were taking the horse to hide it , they ran into John Byro. Byro studied it in minute detail and exclaimed that the horse he had lost was identical to this. Early nex morning, they took the horse to Byro’s vineyard and put it in the barn. Mourad put his arm around the horse’s neck and patted it. That afternoon John Byro came to Aram’s house and showed them the horse which had miraculously been found in his barn. He also announced that the horse had become stronger and better tempered to. Uncle Khosrove , who was in the parlour, became irritated and roared not to pay any attention as the horse had returned. NCERT Solution Reading With Insight ( Page 8) 1.You will probably agree that this story does not have breathless adventure and exciting action. Then what in your opinion makes it interesting? The story deals with the natural urge for children for fun and adventure. The story deals with two Armenian boys and their tale of adventure. It is the theme and development to its subtle climax, that makes it interesting. The way the two boys-Aram and Mourad justify their stealing of the horse for a few days is very interesting and speaks volume of their innocence. Aram was so delighted to have discovered that his cousin Mourad had managed a horse for their mutual ride. He justified the theft by revealing the fact the stealing for riding was not the same as stealing for money. The episode with Uncle Kohsrove and the crazy streak in his personality with the funny statement ‘ pay no attention to it..’ is very interesting and makes us laugh every time he utters it. The episode with John Byro with his concern for his lost horse and uncle Khosrove’s reaction to it is also very funny. When Byro said that he had to walk ten miles on a painful left leg, Uncle Khosrove reacted said that Byro should not pay heed to it. John Byro inspection of his own horse and not being able to claim the horse to be his own is very interesting and ironical. He could not claim the horse because it would be wrong to doubt the honesty and integrity of Mourad and Aram. To conclude it can be said that in spite of not having any breathless adventure, the story makes an interesting reading. 2. Did the boys return the horse because they were conscience stricken or because they were afraid? Ans The way the two boys-Aram and Mourad justify their stealing of the horse for a few days is very interesting and speaks volume of their innocence. Aram was so delighted to have discovered that his cousin Mourad had managed a horse for their mutual ride. He justified the theft by revealing the fact the stealing for riding was not the same as stealing for money. Aram and Mourad belonged to Garoghlanian tribe, which is famous for honesty and integrity of their character. They stole the horse due to their passion for riding a horse. As they belonged to a very poor family, they could not afford to own a horse. Therefore, their stifled desire to go for a horse ride compelled Aram to steal it for few days for a ride. Moreover, he justified that it can not be a theft as they have no intention of making money out of it. John Byro, the owner of the horse, examined the horse in minute detail, but could not claim the horse to be his own. As the boys belonged to a tribe known for their honesty and integrity, so John Byro had no iota of doubt on their integrity. Aram and Mourad felt it bad that John Byro had abundant trust on him that they could not steal his horse. They felt guilty-stricken and returned the horse to Byro’s farm early next morning. 3. “One day back there in the good old days when I was nine and the world was full of every imaginable kind of magnificence, and life was still a delightful and mysterious dream...” The story begins in a mood of nostalgia. Can you narrate some incident from your childhood that might make an interesting story? Ans: Recall an interesting incidence from your childhood and make a story out of it. 4. The story revolves around characters who belong to a tribe in Armenia. Mourad and Aram are members of the Garoghlanian family. Now locate Armenia and Assyria on the atlas and prepare a write-up on the Garoghlanian tribes. You may write about people, their names, traits, geographical and economic features as suggested in the story. Ans: Do a research on the topic and write in detail about Garoghlanian tribes. Short Questions with Answers Q.1. Why was Aram surprised when he saw Maraud in the Morning? Ans. Aram was surprised to see Maraud because he had come so early in the morning that too with a beautiful white horse. He could not believe that a boy of his tribe could buy or steal a horse. Q.2. Who was uncle Khosrove? Why was he considered the craziest member of his tribe? Ans. Uncle Khosrone was a relative of Aram who was an enormous man. He was short tempered and impatient by nature. His standard response to all the problems was. “It is no harm : pay no attention to it”. Q.3. Why was John Byro Sad? Ans. John Byro was sad because his horse was stolen and now he had to go on foot for long distance as him surrey was useless without a horse. Q.4. Why did Mourad return the horse? Ans. Mourad belonged to a tribe which was known for its honesty. He could not tolerate John Byro's expressions when he seemed to have recognised the horse. It was no more charming and challenging task for him to keep the horse after this incident. Q.5. Why did John Byro not accused mourad of stealing the horse, though he recognise his horse Ans. Though John Byro could recognise the horse, he did not blame Mourad of stealing because he knew his parent well. He knew that Mourad's family and tribe was famous for honesty. Q6. Who was John Byro? Why did he come to the narrator’s house? Ans: John Byro was an Assyrian farmer who had learnt to speak Armenian. He came to the narrator’s house and informed uncle Khosrove that his white horse had been stolen a month before and he had not been able to find it yet. Q7. What was Byro’s reaction when he met the boys along with the horse? Ans: On meeting Aram and Mourad with a white horse, Byro scrutinized it and even looked into his teeth. But he could not claim it to be his own as the horse was in the possession of the two boys. They belonged to a tribe known for their honesty and integrity. Q8. What changes did Byro see in the horse after it was returned? Why? Ans: Byro found the horse stronger and better tempered than before. The change was possible due to the love and care of the young boys as well as the regular exercise in the morning without the weight of the carriage.

Let's know the secrets of Early Rising. For Spoken English Video, Click Here Graham: Why do you think we should wake up early in the morning? Lucy : I think we can wind up doing all our works earlier than other people. Graham: Exactly. There is a host of benefits of waking up early in the morning. Lucy: Like, can you kindly elaborate on it? Graham: Yes, of course. At the very outset, morning time is ideal for studies. There is zero distraction. Everywhere there’s pin-drop silence. Lucy: Indeed so. We tend to concentrate on studies faster than other time of the day. What other benefits do we have? Graham: In addition, the retention power of the brain is optimum in the morning time. You can recall everything that you study. Lucy: We can also do some warm up exercises to keep ourselves physically fit. Graham: Absolutely, if we want to ensure healthy body in a healthy mind, we need to keep aside some time for morning exercise. Lucy: Of course, physical fitness is of utmost importance when it comes to excelling in studies. Let’s discuss the words and phrases that are used in the conversation so that we can use such words in our daily conversation. Learn Situational Vocabulary 1. Wake Up: to get up . Ex: I wake up early in summer. 2. Wind up : to end up. Ex: Let’s wind up our meeting today. 3. A host of: large number of people/things. Ex: a host of people/ opportunities 4. elaborate : to explain in detail. Ex: He did not elaborate on the extension of Lock-down. 5. At the very outset : at the very beginning Ex: I explained the rules at the very outset. 6. zero distraction. : there is nothing that can steal your attention Ex: There is zero distraction on radio news bulletin. 7. pin-drop : extremely quiet. Ex: There’s pin drop silence in my room. 8. tend to : likely to do something. Ex: When I feel tired, I tend to sleep. 9. Retention : able to remember things. Ex: Concept video helps retention of information. 10. Optimum : at its best. Ex: Let’s do optimum uses of resources. 11.Keep aside : to keep something to be used later. Ex: Keep the mobile aside for sometime. 12.of utmost importance: very important. Ex: This is a matter of utmost importance.

NCERT Solution Lesson Architecture 1. NCERT Solution 2. Theme 3. Story At A Glance 4. Recapitulation. THINK ABOUT IT 1. How does Toto come to grandfather’s private zoo? Ans. Grandfather being an animal lover saw a monkey with a tonga-driver. It was tied to a feeding-trough and appeared to be out of place there. Therefore, he decided to buy Toto from the tonga-driver at a cost of five rupees. 2. “Toto was a pretty monkey.” In what sense is Toto pretty? Ans. He had bright, shiny eyes which were full of mischief. The eyebrows were deeply set on his face. His teeth were like pearls. He had a gracious tail which was like a third hand for the grandfather. His childlike quality made him pretty. 3. Why does grandfather take Toto to Saharanpur and how? Why does the ticket collector insist on calling Toto a dog? Ans. Toto was shifted to the grandfather's zoo, which comprised of a tortoise, a pair of rabbits, a squirrel and the writer’s pet goat.Toto was very mischievous. He did not let the animals sleep at night. Therefore, the grand father decided to take him to Saharanpur. The grandfather carried Toto in a special bag made of a strong material - canvas. He placed some dry grass at the bottom of the bag and carried it along with him. The ticket collector called Toto a dog as from the bag Toto gave the impression of a dog to the ticket collector. 4. How does Toto take a bath? Where has he learnt to do this? How does Toto almost boil himself alive? Ans: In the winter season, Toto enjoyed having a warm bath. He would pretend to be selfish and before starting his bath, he would check the temperature of the water. He has learnt to do this from the grandfather and stepped into the tub, one foot at a time. Finally, he would would sit in the water with his face out of it. One day Toto got inside a kettle with water boiling in it on fire. But when the water became intolerably hot, he jumped up and down. The grandmother came to his rescue and pulled him out in half-boiled condition. 5. Why does the author say, “Toto was not the sort of pet we could keep for long”? Ans. Toto was a mischief monger. He tore clothes, curtains, wallpapers and broke dishes. He also disturbed other pets very much. Toto’s mischief grew by the day and grandfather realized that they could not keep him at home. Finally, he found the same tonga driver and sold Toto back to him for a sum of three rupees. TALK ABOUT IT Q. Do you have a pet? Is your pet mischievous? Tell the class about it. Ans. It's a subjective answer. Please write about your individual experiences on the notebook and get it checked by the teacher. THEME The story describes how author’s grandfather was fond of animals. The story revolves around Toto-a monkey- whom the grandfather bought from a tonga driver. The pranks played by Toto have been narrated in a humorous way, which makes the story very interesting. The story also describes the love and empathy that human beings share with the kingdom of animals. STORY SEQUENCE The writer’s grandfather bought a monkey named Toto from a tonga driver by paying five rupees to him. When the writer’s grandfather saw the monkey, he wanted to increase the collection of animals in his zoo at home. He had bright, shiny eyes which were full of mischief. The eyebrows were deeply set on his face. His teeth were like pearls. Many ladies belonging to the Anglo - Indian community got scared when they saw his teeth which were displayed when he smiled. Toto’s tail was like a third hand for him. It helped him hang from the branch of a tree. He also used it to lift objects which were beyond his hand’s reach. Grandmother always fussed when Grandfather brought home some new bird or animal. The writer and his grandfather secured Toto in a little cupboard in the writer’s room. In order to be sure that Toto did not escape, they tied him to a hook in the wall. Toto was shifted to the servant quarter. He was put in a cage. He would live with the other pets in grandfather's zoo. The zoo comprised of a tortoise, a pair of rabbits, a squirrel and the writer’s pet goat. Toto was very mischievous. He did not let the animals sleep at night. The writer’s grandfather had to leave for Saharanpur the next day. The writer was disappointed as he could not accompany his grandfather and Toto on the trip. He had got a special bag for Toto. It was made of a strong material - canvas. He placed some dry grass at the bottom of the bag. On the trip, the bag would be Toto’s home as he would live in it. Neither could he come out of the opening as it was closed with a zipper, nor could it bite the strong canvas material in order to run away. Still, Toto made unsuccessful attempts to come out of the bag. At the Saharanpur railway station, the writer’s grandfather was taking out his ticket to cross the turnstile. At that time, Toto peeked out of the bag and smiled at the ticket collector. The ticket collector was astonished to see a monkey in grandfather's back. The ticket collector was firm and grandfather had to pay 3 rupees for Toto’s ticket. Grandfather was unsuccessful in explaining to the ticket collector that Toto was a monkey and not a dog. He insisted that Toto was not even an animal with four feet. But the ticket collector was firm that Toto fell in the category of dogs. Grandfather had to pay 3 rupees for Toto’s ticket. The writer’s grandmother finally came to know of Toto’s presence in the house. She allotted him space in the stable along with the family donkey Nana. On the first night in the stable, grandfather visited Toto. He found Nana restless, pulling its rope in order to stay away from the heap of hay. In the winter season, Toto enjoyed having a warm bath. He would pretend to be selfish and before starting his bath, he would check the temperature of the water. He would copy the writer and stepped into the tub, one foot at a time. Finally, he would would sit in the water with his face out of it. The writer recollects another incident when Toto created a lot of mischief. At lunchtime, a dish of rice was placed on the dining table. When the family reached to eat, they found Toto eating it. The writer’s grandmother screamed at Toto and In response, he threw a plate at her.When the aunts tried to catch Toto, he threw a glass of water in their face. When the grandfather arrived, Toto left the place through a window with the dish of rice along with him. He sat on a branch of the Jackfruit tree, determined to eat all the rice. As the grandmother had screamed on him, he wanted to annoy her further and so, after eating the rice, he threw the dish. It broke into several pieces. He tore clothes, curtains, wallpapers and broke dishes. Toto’s mischiefs grew by the day and grandfather realized that they could not keep him at home. Finally, he found the same tonga driver and sold Toto back to him for a sum of three rupees Recapitulation The story describes how author’s grandfather was fond of animals. He bought Toto-a monkey- from a tonga driver for five rupees. Once on a tour to Saharanpur in a canvas kit bag with grandfather, he poked his head out and came to notice of ticket collector. Grandfather had to pay three rupees as a fine. Toto was given a shelter near Nana, a family donkey in the stable. But he was pulling its rope in order to stay away from the heap of hay. Toto’s mischiefs grew by the day and grandfather realized that they could not keep him at home. Finally, he found the same tonga driver and sold Toto back to him for a sum of three rupees