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Lesson Architecture Theme Story-At-A-Glance NCERT Solution Extra Questions for Practice Theme: The story highlights the fact that we should not fall prey to the traps devised by fools. Nor should we believe the sweet-sounding words of the people blindly. We should be rational and logical in our approach to interacting with people on a day to day basis. If we follow others blindly, we may be victim. In the story a guru decides to leave the kingdom of fools as the King himself made foolish laws, which his subjects had to blindly follow for the fear of death. But the disciple did not go with his guru and got into trouble. With his guru’s intervention only his life was rescued. MAKING OF STRANGE LAWS IN THE KINGDOM OF FOOLS. The king who ruled the Kingdom of Fools was extremely foolish, and he ruled with the assistance of an equally foolish minister. In order to be different from others kings, they turned night into day and day into night. They devised a strange rule for their subjects to follow. It was decided that their subjects should run their business only after it got dark. They should go to bed as soon as the sun was up. Anyone who violated the law would be condemned to death. THE GURU AND THE DISCIPLE ARRIVE IN THE CITY One day a guru and his discipline arrive in the city. It was broad daylight, but no one was around. They moved around the town till evening, when suddenly the whole town woke up and went about its business. The two men bought some provisions at the grocery store and were amazed at how cheap everything was. Everything cost the same –a single duddu-whether it was a measure of rice or a bunch of bananas. A vast quantity of food could be bought for a rupee. THE GURU’S DECISION OF LEAVING THE KINGDOM: The Guru could predict that it was not safe to stay in the kingdom of foolish king and his minister. He knew that in the kingdom of fools there was no certainty of life. He tells his disciple that the people living there are all fools, that their way of life couldn’t last and one never knew tht they would do next. So he expressed his opinion that both of them should leave the kingdom. His disciple, who was fond of eating cheap and delicious food, did not oblige his Guru. So the Guru left the kingdom of fools. THE KING GIVES A STRANGE VERDICT : One day a thief broke into a rich merchant’s house, and as he was fleeing with the things, a wall fell on him and killed him. The thief’s brother went to the king and demanded compensation. The king summoned the owner and told him that since it was his wall that had fallen on the man, he was guilty and must be punished. The merchant laid the blame on the bricklayer who had built the wall. When the bricklayer was brought and accused, he laid the blame on the dancing girl who had walked by and distracted him from his work. The dancing girl laid the blame on the goldsmith who had made her walk to his house many times as he had not completed making the jewellery she had asked for. When summoned, the goldsmith put the blame on the rich merchant who had demanded his jewellery to be made first as there was a wedding in the family. The king ordered the merchant to be put to death on a stake. THE DISCIPLE FINDS HIMSELF IN A TRAGIC SITUATION The stake built to execute the merchant is too big for him. On the behest of the king, his men went looking for a man fat enough to fit into the stake. The merchant was eventually selected for the hanging as he became fat on a cheap and rich diet and would easily fit into the stake. The disciple was brought to the palace for execution. However, he sent a silent prayer to his guru to rescue his life. ARRIVAL OF THE GURU WITH AN INTELLIGENT PLAN The guru who had magical powers responded to his disciple’s prayers. He arrived at the kingdom and share his plan to the disciple. Then he pleaded to the king that as a guru is greater than his disciple, he should be sent to the stake first and the disciple could be executed after the Guru. But the disciple kept fighting with his guru for his execution first. KING’S INTERFERENCE IN THE FIGHT BETWEEN THE GURU AND HIS DISCIPLE The king was puzzled and wanted to know why the Guru wanted to die. The guru took the king aside and told him that the stake was the god of justice and whoever was the first to be executed on it would be reborn as the king of the place and the next to be put on the stake would be reborn as the minister. He further added that he and his disciple became sick of leading the life of ascetics and wanted to be reborn as the King and the Minister. GURU’S PLAN WORKS AND THE KINGDOM HAS A NEW RULER: The king did not wish to dispense with his kingdom on his next birth. So he postponed the execution till the next day. At night he and his minister disguised themselves as the guru and disciple, and were taken to the stake and executed instead. On learning that the king and the minister were executed, the people of the kingdom became worried and chose the guru and his disciple as their next king and minister. All the old laws were changed and the kingdom was no longer a kingdom of fools. RECAPITULATION: In the kingdom of fools the king and his minister were idiots, they changed the day into night and the night into day. Anybody who violated the rule would be punished , so people slept during the day and worked at night. One day a guru and his disciple came, they were surprised to see this strange scene. They came to know they can buy anything for a single duddu. The guru realized that it will be good to leave this place while the disciple remained there. One night a thief died when he was stealing as the wall fell on him. The incident was investigated and finally the rich merchant was ordered to death by the king. The stake did not fit therefore the king ordered to find a fat man for the execution and the soldiers captured the disciple. The disciple remembered his guru and prayed to save him. Guru befooled both the king and his minister by saying that who so ever would die first he would become the king in next birth. Both the king and minister agreed to die. After their death people begged the guru and his disciple to be their king and minister. They accepted this and announced that now the day would be the day and the night would be night and nothing would cost a single duddu. NCERT SOLUTION THINK ABOUT IT 1. What are the two strange things the guru and his disciple find in the Kingdom of Fools? Ans. The Guru and the disciple found that in the Kingdom of Fools people used to work during nights and sleep during days. Everything was cheap and cost the same. 2. Why does the disciple decide to stay in the Kingdom of Fools? Is it a good idea? Ans. Everything was cheap in the Kingdom of Fools. The disciple had peculiarity of diet. He was tempted by the cheap food. So, he decided to stay in that kingdom. It was not a good idea to stay there for a long time as one could be in danger any time because of unpredictable behaviour of fools. 3. Name all the people who are tried in the king’s court, and give the reasons for their trial. Ans. The owner of the house i.e. the merchant, the bricklayer, the dancing girl and the goldsmith were tried in the king’s court. They all were tried as the thief died when the wall of merchant’s house collapsed. The merchant was tried for building a weak wall. The bricklayer was tried for doing his work carelessly. The dancing girl was tried for disturbing the concentration of the bricklayer. The goldsmith was blamed for making the dancing girl walk up and down to his house a dozen times. 4. Who is the real culprit according to the king? Why does he escape punishment? Ans. The merchant’s dead father was held responsible for making the wall weak. But according to the king the rich merchant was the real culprit because he had inherited both sins and riches of his father. He escaped the punishment because he was too thin to fit the stake. 5. What are the Guru’s words of wisdom? When does the disciple remember them? Ans. The Guru was full of wisdom and knew well that the unpredictable behaviour of the fools could create danger anytime. The Guru’s words were, “They are all fools. This won’t last very long, and you can’t tell what they’ll do to you next”. The disciple remembered them when he was arrested by the men of the king to execute merely because he fitted the stake. It was because of the Guru’s words of wisdom that the execution was postponed. 6. How does the Guru manage to save his disciple’s life? Ans. The Guru arrived on time to save his disciple and created a drama. He told the king that it was not an ordinary stake and whoever went to the stake first would become the king in next life. The second to die would become his minister. The king wanted to avail himself of the opportunity. The Guru and his disciple were released. Thus the Guru managed to save his disciple’s life. TALK ABOUT IT In Shakespeare’s plays the fool is not really foolish. If you have read or seen Shakespeare’s plays such as King Lear, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, you may talk about the role of the fool. Ans: Google about the role of fools in the plays of Shakespeare and make a podcast on the same. Do you know any stories in your language about wise fools. Such as Tenali Rama or Gopal Bhar? You can also read about them in Ramanujan’s collection of folk tales. Ans. Class Room Activity. EXTRA QUESTIONS: Why were the guru and the disciple astonished on entering the Kingdom of Fools? What advice did the Guru give to his disciple? Why did not the disciple listen the advice of the Guru? Why did the King decide to execute the merchant in spite of the later's defense? How did the dancing girl defend herself when she was summoned? How did the Guru trick the King and save the life of his disciple? How did the Guru change the old laws of the Kingdom?

Lesson Architecture Theme Story-At-A-Glance NCERT Solution Extra Questions Theme: This story is about a skillful and a seasoned story-teller by the name of Iswaran who can persuade his audience into believing the story that he narrates with an element of suspense and thrill. So convincing is the story Iswaran tells Mahendra, his employer, that he immediately starts believing even the most fictional and improbable story. In spite of being the educated man with modern outlook Mahendra listens to the story and anecdotes narrated by Iswaran with rapt attention. STORY –AT-A-GLANCE This story is narrated to Ganesh by a young man Mahendra who was a supervisor in a firm. His job was to keep an eye on the activities at the work site. As he was a bachelor, his cook, Iswaran, always accompanied him where ever he went. Iswaran used to read the popular Tamil thrilling stories. His own description was greatly influenced by Tamil stories. He weaved endless stories and substituted television in Mahendra’s life. He narrated the tale of a Tusker, which destroyed everything on the way and how he made the elephant collapse in the end by hitting him on the toenail with a small cane. Iswaran linked the auspicious full moon night to the story of a female ghost. Mahendra reprimanded him explaining such stories as baseless. One night Mahendra heard some wailing sound near his window. Mahendra saw a cloudy figure holding a bundle. This incident scared Mahendra who could not sleep on that night. Next morning Iswaran greeted him and asked him about the last night experience. Mahendra resolved to leave the haunted place the very next day. NCERT Solution: Think About It (Page18) Q1.In What way is Iswaran an asset to Mahendra? Ans: Iswaran being attached to Mahendra accompanied him wherever he was posted. He cooked for Mahendra, washed his clothes and chatted away with him at night. He was a great source of entertainment for Mahendra and could weave out endless stories and anecdotes on various subjects. Q2. How does Iswaran describe the uprooted tree on the highway? what effect does he want to create in his listeners? Ans: Iswaran was a seasoned storyteller. While describing an uprooted tress he made use of literary language saying that on a deserted road he spotted something that looked like an enormous bushy beast lying sprawled across the road. He was alone and was about to leave the spot. As he came closer, he saw a fallen tree with its dry branches spread out. With his dramatic gesture and inimitable style he blended the element of suspense and surprise in his narration to make the story convincing for the listeners. Q3. How does he narrate the story of the tusker? Does it appear to be plausible? Ans: Iswaran starts the story of the tusker with a prologue and calls elephants 'huge well-fed beasts.' With an element of hyperbole he narrates the story. Once a tusker, having escaped run away from the timer year, stamped on bushes, tore up wild creepers and broke the branches of the trees. He then entered the school ground caused havoc by uprooting the football goal post ,tore down the volleyball net, flattened the drum kept for water and pulled out the shrubs. The teachers climbed to the terrace of the school building. Suddenly, Iswaran as a child became fearless, grabbed a can from a teacher and confronted the tusker. He hit its third toenail and the beast collapsed.He claimed that he had used the Japanese art to control the tusker. The story appears to be totally implausible as it is next to impossible for a child to tame a wild a wild elephant. Q4. Why does the author say that Iswaran seemed to more than make up for the absence of a TV in Mahendra's living quarters? Ans Iswaran is a great source of entertainment for Mahendra. Not a single day has passed without Iswaran narrating a story packed with adventure, horror and suspense. Mahendra enjoys listening to the story due to the inimitable way in which Iswaran narrates it to him. Thus Iswaran compensates the absence of TV in Mahendra's living quarters. 5. Mahendra calls ghosts or spirits a figment of the imagination. What happens to him on a full-moon night? Ans. Mahendra calls ghosts or spirits a figment of the imagination as he did not believe in ghosts. One day Iswaran told him about a female ghost holding a foetus in her arms. On a full-moon night he woke up from his sleep and looked outside the window. He got shocked to see a dark cloudy form clutching a bundle. Mahendra broke into a cold sweat and fell back on the pillow with a heavy panting. 6. Can you think of some other ending for the story? Ans. The story ends with Mahendra’s determination to leave the haunted place. In my opinion, Mahindra should have investigated about the cause for the presence of a ghost. It was more convincing if the story ended with the discovery by Mahendra that Iswaran himself disguised as a female ghost in order to convince Mahendra that there is a ghost in the locality. Extra Questions to be added very soon

Lesson Architecture Biography of the Poet Theme Poem Explanation NCERT Questions with Answers Extract Questions. Biography of John Berryman John Berryman -a scholar and professor as well as a poet. Best-known for The Dream Songs (1969), an intensely personal sequence of 385 poems which brought him the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award. Berryman graduated from Columbia in 1936, then went to study at Cambridge University for two years on a scholarship. In 1955, after teaching stints at Harvard and Princeton, Berryman took a position at the University of Minnesota, where he remained until his death. Theme The poem highlights the hardcore reality of life that everyone has to go through someday or the other. The poem also focusses on how to come to terms with our grief resulting out of any losses. The poem stresses on the fact of assuming self-responsibility and being accountable for our own possessions. POEM EXPLANATION Recapitulation: The poem highlights the sadness of a boy for losing a ball. From the very loss of the ball, he will come to terms with the loss in due course of time. The ball is a metaphor for everything that we own or possess. The poem teaches us the inescapable truth of life that in life we shall certainly part with things/people including our near and dear ones. But we need to learn to come to terms with every loss. Loss is inevitable (i.e.must) in human life. But what makes us strong to stand up against any kind of loss is our positive attitude, which becomes a catalyst to bear the loss in life. NCERT Solution: Thinking About the Poem ( page 47) Q1. Why dos the poet say, ' I would not intrude on him'? Why doesn't he offer him money to buy another ball? Ans: The poet says so as he wanted the boy to come to terms with the loss of the ball. Once he realizes the value of losing something , he would assume responsibility and take care of the things he owns. He does not offer him money as he wants the boy to realize what it means to lose something. Another ball would compensate for the lost ball. Therefore, he wants the boy to learn to live life and move on in spite of the loss. 2. "..... staring down/ All his young days into the harbour where/ His ball went....' Do you think the boy has had the ball for a long time? Is it linked to the memories of days when he played with it? Ans Yes, the boy has had the ball for a long time. It is suggested by the mention of the phrase ' All his young days....' Yes, it is linked to the memories as the poet says that the boy has spent all his youthful days into the harbour in the company of the ball. 3. What does ' in the world of possessions' mean? Ans: The poet means to say that our world is primarily governed by human desire to possess more and more things. Human beings have innate tendency and greed to own things. Q4. Do you think the boy has lost anything earlier? Pick out the words that suggest the answer. Ans: No, the boy has not lost anything earlier. The expression that suggests the answer is 'He senses his first responsibility....' Q5. What does the poet say the boy is learning from the loss of the ball? Try to explain this in your own words. Ans: The poet says that the boy is learning the 'epistemology of loss'. He is learning what it means to lose something and how to stand up and accept it as a part of life. Q6. Have you ever lost something you liked very much? Write a paragraph describing how you felt then and saying whether- and how-you got over your loss. Note: As this is a subjective answer, write your own answer on the notebook and get it checked by your respective teachers. Extra Extract Questions 1. Read the stanza given below and answer the questions that follow: Money is external. He is learning, well behind his desperate eyes, The epistemology of loss, how to stand up Knowing what every man must one day know And most know many days, how to stand up. (a) Who is He here? (b) What is the boy learning? (c) What does the word epistemology mean? (d) What does one learn in life? Ans : (a) A small child. (b) He is learning worldly things. (c) The study of the nature of knowledge itself. (d) One should learn how to stand up in life. 2. Read the stanza given below and answer the questions that follow: An ultimate shaking grief fixes the boy As he stands rigid, trembling, staring down All his young days into the harbour where His ball went. (a) Pick out the word from the stanza that means the same as final. (b) Why was he trembling, staring down? (c) Where has his ball gone? (d) What does the poet want the boy to learn? Ans : (a) ultimate (b) He has lost his ball. (c) Into the harbour (d) The poet wants the boy to learn to bear the loss and to stand up in life. 3. Read the stanza given below and answer the questions that follow: I would not intrude on him; A dime, another ball, is worthless. Now He senses first responsibility In a world of possessions. (a) Pick out the word from the stanza that means the same as encroach upon. (b) What does the poet mean by first responsibility? (c) What does I want to teach the boy? (d) Why does the poet not want to intrude on the boy? Ans : (a) intrude (b) To look after his things properly (c) To be able to bear the loss of things (d) The poet does not want to intrude on the boy because he wants him to learn his responsibility.

Q.1 Select the correct passive form of the given sentence. They offered me a chair Ans 1. A chair is offered to me by them. 2. A chair was being offered to me. 3. I was offered a chair by them. 4. I offered a chair to them. Q2 Select the most appropriate word to fill in the blank. I like both tea and coffee but prefer the _ Ans 1. least 2. latter 3. last 4. later Q.3 Select the correct indirect form of the given sentence. "What a good idea!", Seema remarked. Ans 1. Seema said what a good idea it is. 2. Seema told what an idea! 3. Seema exclaimed that it was a very good idea. 4. Seema exclaimed that the idea is good. Q4. Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom A close-fisted person Ans 1. A kind person 2. A strong person 3. A cruel person 4. A miserly person Q.5 In the sentence identify the segment which contains the grammatical error. Modern man is completely engross in the mad pursuit of material pleasures and luxuries. Ans 1. Modern man is 2. material pleasures and luxuries 3. mad pursuit of 4. completely engross Q.6 Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom 'A bed of roses' Ans 1. A difficult path 2. An easy and happy situation 3. A pleasant perfume 4. A valley full of flowers Q7. Comprehension: In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank. (1)______ of trucks carrying soldiers was coming down the mountain road. The trucks (2) ______ slowly as there had been heavy snowfall in that area . Suddenly, with a (3) ______ a huge tree on the hill side fell bringing along with it boulders and mud. (4) ______, the driver of first truck stopped in time. The soldiers got down and started (5) ______ the road. Sub Question No : 7 Q.7 Select the most appropriate option for blank no. 1 Ans 1. bevy 2. convoy 3. flock 4. crew Q.8 Select the most appropriate option for blank no. 2 Ans 1. were moving 2. has moved 3. was moving 4. are moving (Comprehension) ....Suddenly, with a (3) ______ a huge tree on the hill side fell bringing along with it boulders and mud. (4) ______, the driver of first truck stopped in time. The soldiers got down and started (5) ______ the road. Q.9 Select the most appropriate option for blank no. 3 Ans 1. buzz 2. crash 3. splash 4. scream Q.10 Select the most appropriate option for blank no. 4 Ans 1. Magically 2. Fortunately 3. Similarly 4. Logically Select the most appropriate option for blank no. 5 Ans 1. moving 2. changing 3. altering 4. clearing Q.12 Select one word for the following group of words. One who loves his country Ans 1. Conspirator 2. Traitor 3. Collaborator 4. Patriot Q.13 Select synonym of the given word. EXPENSIVE Ans 1. Dear 2. Sober 3. Gentle 4. Mild Q.14 Select antonym of the given word. DEXTERITY Ans 1. Skill 2. Ignorance 3. Mastery 4. Agility Q.15 Select antonym of the given word. DIVIDE Ans 1. Split 2. Unite 3. Break 4. Engulf Q.16 Select the most appropriate word to fill in the blank. He tried to ______ my ring. Ans 1. steal 2. stile 3. still 4. steel Q.17 Given below are four jumbled sentences. Out of the given options pick the one that gives their correct order. A. He is a gifted volleyball player. B. But now a days he does not play international matches. C. It is because he had an accident last year. D. Sanjay is my best friend. Ans 1. DCAB 2. ABCD 3. DABC 4. CDBA Q.18 Given below are four jumbled sentences. Out of the given options pick the one that gives their correct order. A. Aesop was one of them who lived in Greece about 2500 years ago. B. He told many interesting stories to the people. C. There were many talented people in ancient Greece. D. Although he was ugly, he had a very clever brain. Ans 1. BDAC 2. BADC 3. CADB 4. CDBA Q.19 Select the word which means the same as the group of words given. Incapable of paying debts Ans 1. Insolvent 2. Obsolete 3. Corrupt 4. Extravagant Q.20 Select the wrongly spelt word. Ans 1. Champion 2. Chouffer 3. Charisma 4. Choir Q.21 Select the wrongly spelt word. Ans 1. Cremator 2. Creater 3. Cricketer 4. Cracker Q.22 Select synonym of the given word. RETAIN Ans 1. Gain 2. Convey 3. Maintain 4. Destroy Q.23 Select the most appropriate word to substitute the underlined word of the given sentence. If no substitution is required, select ‘No improvement’. The diver dive in the pool from a great height. Ans 1. dived at the pool 2. No improvement 3. dived into the pool 4. dives to a pool Q.24 In the sentence identify the segment which contains the grammatical error. My brother, who live in Delhi, has written me a letter. Ans 1. has written 2. me a letter 3. who live in Delhi 4. My brother Q.25 Select the most appropriate segment to substitute the underlined segment of the given sentence. If no substitution is required, select ‘No substitution’. Hardly had he sit on the chair than it broke. Ans 1. sat on the chair when 2. sat onto a chair then 3. sit in the chair when 4. No substitution Answer Key 1. (3) . 2. (2) 3. (3) 4. (4) 5. (4) 6. (2) 7. (2) 8. (1) 9. (2) 10. (2) 11. (4) 12. (4) 13. (1) 14.(2) 15 (2) 16 (1) 17 (3) 18 (3) 19 (1) 20 (2) 21 (2) 22 (3) 23 (3) 24 (3) 25 (1)

Directions (A1 to 5) In these questions , four alternatives are given for the Idiom/phrase underlined in the sentence. Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrase. 1. The incident was conveniently swept under the carpet by the authorities. (a) handled (b) solved (c) concealed (d) investigated. 2. The director accepted the deal after the representative greased his palm (a) washed his dirty hands. (b)gave him new gloves. (c)applied ointments in his hands. (d) bribed him with money. 3. He generally passed by the faults of his subordinates. (a) bore with (b) accepted (c)overlooked (d) understood 4.Usually things are at sixes and sevens in a bachelor’s room. (a) found missing (b)in complete disorder. (c)arranged neatly (d) kept in piles. 5. The joyous family decided to bring out the red carpet to welcome thier son home. (a) lay a new pathway. (b) decorate the house (c) celebrate the occasion (d) show special respect Directions: ( Q6 to 10) In these questions , a part of the sentence is underlined. Below are given alternatives to the underlined part of the sentence at (A), (B) & (C) which may improve the sentence. Choose the correct alternative. In case no improvement is needed your answer is (D) Q6. Wine loosen his tongue. (a) loosens (b) freed (c) looses (d) No improvement. Q7. It is probable he will never come back. (a) In all probability (b) It is possible (c) There is the possibility (d) No improvement. 8. I saw a dead cow walking across the field. (a) I was dead when I saw a cow walking across the field. (b) Walking across the field I saw a dead cow. (c) A dead cow was seen walking across the field. (d) No improvement. 9. The judge came to a final conclusion on this matter. (a) a conclusion (b) an end (c) a finality (d) no improvement 10. The climate in India is hotter than England. (a) more hotter (b) hotter than that of (c) much hotter (d) no improvement. Directions: ( Q 11 to 15) In these questions out of these four alternatives cvhoose the one which can be substituted for the given words/sentence. 11. The science of government (a) bureaucracy (b) theology (c) politics (d) episcopacy 12. One who specialises in the mathematics of insurance (a) an insurant (b) a Statistician (c) an actuary (d) an agent 13. A messenger sent in great haste (a) successor (b) chauffeur (c) courier (d) emissary 14. A hater of women (a) dipsomaniac (b) misogynist (c) misogamist (d) accomplice 15. The stand from which a preacher delivers his sermon. (a) dais (b) lectern (c) podium (d) pulpit. Directions: ( Q 16-20) In these questions four words are given in each question, out of which only one word is correctly spelt. Find the correctly spelt word. 16. a) perrogative b) trottle c) silhoutte d) reminiscence 17. a) occationally b) ocasionally c) occasionally d) ocassionaly 18. a) sangiune b) masacre c) unconscionable d) afluent 19. a) leniensy b) leniency c) lenency d) leneiency 20. a) Intelligentsia b) indifategable c) Incentured d) Indicatiwe Directions: In these questions you have a brief passage with 5 questions following the passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives. Some of us are so afraid of imagination that we shut our mental door against it and turn the key in the lock. We think it is a sign of weakness to be a dreamer-to see the far vision of what might be and do. Men who have done most for humanity, and for themselves, have been imaginative men-dreamers with the power and determination to make their dream come true. The most successful in any line of endeavour-business, science, arts, politics-will tell you that you must have vision before you can grasp reality. You must be able to see the growth of future years, plan for it and work for it, before you can materialise it. It pays to cultivate imagination. If one is to accomplish anything in life, one must have a purpose, an ideal and ideas. The man who does the world the most good the man who helps mankind onward and upward, is the man who dreams of helpfulness, usefulness, progress and improvement, and then gets them materialised. 21. The greatest contributors to humanity are _______ people. (a) educative (b) compulsive (c) repulsive (d) imaginative 22. Imagination enables one to have ______ before plans can be materialised. (a) determination (b) vision (c)gifts (d) power 23. In order to accomplish anything in life it helps to be have a/an______ (a) progress (b) material (c) purpose (d) endeavour 24. Many people _____ their power of imagination. (a) at times would use (b) abstain from using (c) prefer not to use. (d) seldom use 25. Many see the ability to _____ as a sign of weakness. (a) imagine the future. (b) recall the past (c) live in the present (d) shut mental door. Answer Key 1. c 2. d 3.c 4.b 5.d 6.a 7.a 8.b 9.a 10.b 11.a 12.c 13.d 14.b 15 .b 16. d 17. c 18. c 19.b 20. a 21. d 22.b 23. c 24 .b 25. a

PREPOSITIONS | KINDS & USES Let us first study the kinds of prepositions POSITITIONS OF PREPOSITIONS 1. Normally prepositions precede Nouns or Pronouns. It is a book about birds. I am glad about her success. 2. When the object is an interrogative pronoun or a relative pronoun the preposition is placed at the end. What did you shout at him for? Where do you come from? I have nothing to talk about. 3. Before the direct object: The beggar begs him( Indirect Object) for money ( Direct Object) Uses of Some important Prepositions. Study the following Table for Appropriate prepositions LEARN THE FOLLOWING ADDITIONAL APPROPRIATE PREPOSITIONS BY HEART PREPOSITIONS ARE NOT USED WITH THE FOLLOWING ADVERBIALS EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE Choose the correct prepositions from the given options. 1. The boy jumped __________________ the well. a) Into b) in c) by d) upon 2. You have to finish the task ____________ two days a) In b) from c) to d) into 3. He has to complete the task ______________ this month. a) By b) at c) to d) within 4. Please distribute these mangoes ______ Anil and Sunil. a) Between b) to c) within d) among 5. Please sit __________ the desk and do the job. a) On b) at c) beside d) by 6. Mr. Kumar gave him some suggestions __________ helping him with some money. a) besides b) beside c) to d) for 7. He will have completed the task ________ the end of the next month. a) At b) by d) to d) since 8. Raju has been living in America ________ March last. a) For b) from c) since d) on 9. I have to reach there ________ 9 pm. a) Before b) from c) for d) at 10. They have been living in Delhi ________ eight years. a) From b) for c) by d) in 11. Children are fond _______ cycling. a) Of b) in c) about d) for 12. She is very negligent __________ her duties. a) to b) of c) in d) about 13. Can you part _______ your watch? a) From b) with c) for d) in 14. When you parted ______ your mother there were tears in her eyes. a) from b) with c) by d) for 15. People should get their salary commensurate _____ their work. a) To b) with c) by d) of 16. There is no exception ______ this rule. a) for b) from c) to d) under 17. The upper court acquitted him ______ the charge of murder. a) From b) of c) for d) to 18. She is entirely absorbed _______ her work. a) In b) out c) from d) by 19. The tiger sprang _______ the deer. a) Upon b) on c) by d) for 20. The car rammed ______ the small shop. a) Over b) by c) into d) for 21. The kind Headmaster complied ________ my son’s request. a) With b) for c) on d) at 22. The old temples are being worn _____ by heat and rain. a) For b) to c) against d) out 23. You should not keep yourself away ______ your duty. a) For b) with c) from d) in. 24. My son has been promoted _______ the next class. a) to b) for c) into d) in 25. Good people always adhere _____ their own principles. a) to b) over c) from d) at. 26. You are not eligible ______ admission here. a) To b) under c) from d) for 27. How can you jump _____ this conclusion? a) For b) to c) into d) at. 28. The plot of land will be disposed _____ by the owner. a) Of b) to c) from d) in 29. Don’t interfere _____ other’s business. a) In b) with c) about d) from 30. Cigarette smoking is injurious _____ health. a) For b) to c) from d) by 31. What is the time______ your watch? a) By b) at c) in d) from 32. The house has no balcony ____ the back. a) At b) in c) for d) to 33. The doctor enquired ______ him about his health. a) Of b) with c) from d) for 34. Reading good books is conducive _____ our mind. a) Of b) to c) on d) for 35. I shall abide _____ the decision of the management. a) To b) with c) by d) upon. 36. He gained advantage _____ me in the game a) Upon b) against c) with d) over. 37. I prefer tea _____ coffee. a) From b) with c) over d) to 38. Your remark is not relevant ______ the point. a) to b) with c) for d) upon 39. He was looking _____ a good job. a) For b) into c) at d) to 40. I always look _____ him for all kinds of help a) After b) to c) upon d) over 41. Do not put _____ the work for tomorrow. a) On b) about c) off d) out 42. He takes _____ his father in many respects. a) off b) to c) after d) upon 43. He turned ______ my proposal. a) down b) out c) after d) to 44. I cannot bear _____ such humiliation. a) After b) with c) to d) in 45. Please call ____ a doctor; the patient is seriously ill. a) After b) on c) in d) for 46. They handed ____ the thief to the police. a) Over b) on c) out d) in 47. He came here ______ the evening of 13th April. a) In b) on c) at d) into 48. Mohan stood ______ me in the hall. a) Beside b) after c) besides d) from 49. The office is situated _____ the road. a) on b) of c) off d) into 50. I told him to copy the letter word _____ word. a) For b) by c) to d) from. FOR SOLUTION TO THE ABOVE QUESTIONS , PLEASE CLICK HERE

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What are Non-finites? Ans: Non-finites are those verbs which have no subject and are not changed according to the person or number of the subject or tenses. Non- Finites are of four kinds. Participles Gerunds Verbal Nouns Infinitives 1. Participles are of three types a) Present Participles e.g Walking stick is useful to an old man. b) Past Participles e.g. Look at the burnt wood. c) Perfect Participles e.g. Having gone there I found him missing. 1.Present Participles Uses: i) Attributively ( as a subject) e.g Walking stick is useful for an old man. A rolling stone gathers no moss. The burning train was running fast. ii) Predicatively ( e.g. as an object) The officer kept me waiting for an hour. (iii) It can be used as degrees of comparison. Ram is more pleasing than his brother. iv) Absolutely with a noun or pronoun going before it. The sky being clear, I went to play. The river being shallow, we went to swim. God willing, we shall meet once again. v) It may be modified by an adverb Loudly knocking at the door, he demanded admission. ( modified by adverb 'loudly') vi) Like a verb it may govern a noun or pronoun. Hearing the noise, the thief ran away. vii) As an object complement e.g. I saw Ram begging. Errors in the use of participles The participle being a verb-adjective, it must be attached to a noun or a pronoun. e.g Sleeping on the bed the snake bit the baby. ( The sentence is wrong) Ans: Sleeping on the bed/ While sleeping on the bed, the baby was bitten by a snake. e.g. Standing at the door, a cobra bit him. ( Wrong) Ans: Standing at the gate/While he was standing at the gate, a cobra bit him. 2. Use of Past Participle Note: Past participle represents a complete action. It usually ends ' -ed', '-d', '-t', '-en', or '-n' 1.To form perfect Tense. I have done the work. ( present Perfect) 2. To form the verb in passive voice The moon was seen by me. 3. As an adjective Let the departed soul rest in peace. 4. To transform a complex sentence into a simple sentence. Blinded by a dust storm , they lost their way. 5. After the objects of the verbs- see, here, feel, find, get , keep , make, like, went, wish etc. e.g. We saw a few trees laden with trees. 3. Perfect Participle Note: Perfect participle represents an action as complete at some past time. e.g. Having rested, we continued our journey. e.g. Having finished my breakfast, I went to the school. 2. Gerunds A gerund is that form of a verb which ends in -ing and has the force of a Noun and a Verb. e.g. Swimming is a good exercise. e.g. Reading is my favourite past time. Uses: 1. Subject of a Verb e.g. Smoking is injurious to health. 2. Object of a verb e.g. Stop singing now. 3. Complement of a verb. (i,e. like an object of verb) e.g. Seeing is believing. e.g. What I dislike most is smoking. 4. Object of a preposition e.g. I am fond of playing cards. 5. Gerunds are preceded ( going before) by possessive nouns. e.g. Tour will be fixed after Renu's passing the exams. e.g. I ask the favour of your granting my prayer. 6. Gerunds are used in compound-nouns. e.g. The fish fell from the frying pen. e.g. He bought a new walking stick. 7. Gerunds are used absolutely. e.g. Playing cards being his aversion, we did not play bridge. 3. Verbal Nouns: A gerund preceded by 'the' and followed by 'of' is called a Verbal Noun. All verbal Nouns are not gerund, but all gerunds are verbal Nouns. e.g. He is engaged in the reading of a novel. 4. Infinitives Note: A verb that has a subject but is not limited by person and number of the subject is called Infinitive. e.g Teach me how to swim. e.g. I love to read Science Fiction. Uses: 1. Subject of a verb e.g. To err is human. 2. Object of a verb. e.g. She loves to sing. 3. Complement of a verb e.g. To see is to believe. 4. Object of a preposition e.g. The patient is about to die. Kindly CLICK HERE to solve questions on Non-finites.

Lesson Architecture Theme Story-At-A-Glance NCERT Solution Extra Questions Theme: The story is set in the remote village of Hosahalli in Karnataka. Ranga is the main character around whom the story revolves. The story highlights about the influence of English as a language and way of life in Indian Society. Story-At-A-Glance The narrator of the story is an inhabitant of the village who takes enormous pride in everything about his native place. He feels offended that the name of his village does not find mention in any of the geography books written by Englishmen. It is an important place in the state of Mysore. The same opinion is shared by the doctor of the village who has seen many other places. The village boasts of a special type of mango and a creeper in the pond that bears beautiful flowers. The narrator, Shyama, narrates a story that happened ten years ago. Back then people in villages did not have knowledge of English. Nor did they inject English words into their conversation. The village accountant was the first to gather enough courage to send his son, Ranga to Bangalore for studies. When Ranga came home after six months, it was an event to celebrate. People rushed to see him, and so did the narrator. An old lady even ran her hand over his chest to find out whether he was still wearing the sacred thread. She smiled with satisfaction that he had not ‘lost his caste.’ The crowd that had gathered to have a glimpse of the boy, slowly dispersed on realizing that he still had the same hands, legs, eyes and the nose. Ranga then noticed the narrator and bowed down respectfully. The narrator blessed him that he might get married soon. Ranga visited the narrator in the afternoon. On being asked about the when Ranga would get married, he replied that he would wait and find the right match. He believed in marrying when one was physically and mentally mature. According to Ratna, a man should marry a girl he admires and it would be impossible to admire an immature girl. The narrator was disappointed with Ranga’s views, but was determined to find a match for him. Ratna was Rama Rao’s eleven-year-old niece. She was from a big town and had come to stay with her uncle. She had a sweet voice and knew to play the veena and harmonium. The narrator decided that Ratna would be the perfect bride for Ranga. The narrator was a frequent visitor to Rama Rao’s place and shared an easy comfortable relation with the girl. The narrator told Rama Rao’s wife that he would send some butter milk for them and Ratna could go to his house to fetch it. Ratna went wearing a beautiful saree and the narrator requested her to sing a song. While she was singing Ranga reached the door and stopped at the threshold, completely enchanted by the melodious voice. The narrator noticed that Ranga repeatedly glanced at her. When Ranga realized this , he became self-conscious and immediately expressed a desire to leave, but did not even move. When Ratna ran into a room, Ranga asked the narrator who the girl was. The narrator declined to answer as he said that Ratna was married and Ranga was not interested to marry . Ranga was visibly disappointed when he came to know that Ranga was already married and left the place. The narrator went to Shastri and apprised him of a plan and tutored him what to say in front of Ranga. Later in the evening the narrator met Ranga who was still lost in thought. He asked him to accompany him to see Shastri in order to find out how auspicious the stars were for him. Shastri deduced that Ranga’s problem had something to do with a girl. The narrator asked Shastri if any positive result might come if they negotiated with Rama Rao for his niece, Ranta. Shastri pretended to think for a while and replied in the affirmative. Ranga’s face brightened up for a moment only to be dismayed by the narrator’s words that she was married. On their way , they passed by Rama Rao’s house and saw Ratna standing at the door. The narrator went in alone , but came out a minute later and announced that he was mistaken and the girl was not married. Ranga then confessed his feelings about Ratna. And they got married. One day Ranga came to invite the narrator for dinner on the occasion of his son Shyama’s third birthday. The narrator laughter at their choice of name for their lovely son. But Ranga and Ratna followed the English tradition of naming the child after someone they loved. Ranga’s son rushed to the narrator and put his arms around his legs. The narrator kissed him and slipped a ring on his tiny little finger. Recapitulation: The story is set in the remote village of Hosahalli in Karnataka. Ranga is the main character in the story. The narrator is very proud of his village and blames English geographers for excluding the name from map. The village accountant was the first to send his son Ranga to Bangalore to study. His homecoming after six months was an event in the village. Large number of people gathered to have a glimpse of the boy. Ranga’s views on marriage were unconventional . He would marry a girl who was mature and who he could admire. Ratna was a beautiful eleven year old niece of Rama Rao. She had lost her parents and had come to stay with her uncle. The narrator called Ratna to his house on some pretext and asked her to sing and sent for Ranga at the same time. Ranga was enthralled by her song and started developing interest for her. Once the narrator tutored Shastri on how to handle the situation and told everything to him regarding Ranga. Shastri revealed that Ranga was being disturbed by the thoughts of a girl and on hearing this Ranga’s face brightened up. On their way, the narrator entered Rama Rao’s hose and came out with a clarification that Ratna was not married. Ranga and Ratna were blissfully married. After several years, Ranga came to invite the narrator to their son’s third birthday. They named their son, Shayma, after the narrator who they admired and loved. The narrator kissed the child and slipped a ring onto his tiny finger. Reading With Insight 1. Comment on the influence of English-the language and the way of life-on Indian life as reflected in the story. What is the narrator’s attitude to English? Ans: English has a great influence in Indian society. In this story we get a reflection of an Indian village where no one spoke English or used English words in their conversation. The village accountant was the first person to sent his son Ranga to Bangalore to study English. That is why his homecoming was such a great event in the village. A crowd gathered to see what he looked like and tried to find out whether he still wore the sacred thread. English was considered a ‘priceless commodity’ and thus they were in awe of a person who studied it. They narrator’s attitude was quite positive. He showed that the language did not have any adverse influence on Ranga, who still wore the sacred thread and bent low for the gesture of ‘namaskara’. 2.Astrologers’s perceptions are based more on hearsay and conjecture than what they learn from the study of the stars. Comment with reference to the story. Ans: In most Indian villages, astrology is practiced without much study and knowledge. It is due to the fact that our society is largely governed by superstition and blind faith on astrology. In reference to the story, we have come across an astrologer by the name of Shastri. We do not have any clue about his level of astrological knowledge as he is in connivance with the narrator to fix up Ranga’s marriage. His movement of lips and fingers in making calculation of stars and planets was easily believed by Ranga who had such unconventional views. In spite of being told everything to Shastri regarding Ranga’s interest for Ratna, Shastri made it seem like it was the prediction of Ranga’s planetary positions. Q3. Indian society has moved a long way from the way the marriage was arranged in the story. Discuss. Ans: In spite of the fact that society has become much advanced and progressive, the prevalence of arranged marriages in Indian society cannot be ruled out. Arranged marriages are still prevalent mostly in villages and some percentage in urban areas as well. But like in the story, girls are no longer married off at a tender age of eleven like Ratna in the story. Nowadays , education and career get topmost priority over marriages. With reference to the story nowadays matrimonial websites are available to work like a mediator like the narrator in the story. There is independence in choosing a life partner according to their own judgment. Before the marriage Ratna was not consulted about her opinion about marriage. This scenario is in total contrast to the situation of today when the opinion of girls get priority before the marriage. Q4. What kind of a person do you think the narrator is? The narrator is a friendly, empathetic and cheerful person. He is very proud of his village though his description of the village is exaggerated. His involvement in the matter of the village is evident when he arranges Ranga’s marriage. He resorts to manipulation and influences Shastri to do as he had planned in order to get Ranga agree to the marriage. Ranga and Ratna are so much influenced by his personality that that name their son after him. He is very caring and concerned about the well-being of Ranga and Ratna. Extra Short Questions 1. How did the village people react to Ranga’s homecoming? Ans: Ranga was the son of the village accountant who was the first person from that village to be sent to Bangalore to study. In Hoshahalli English was a precious commodity. Since Ranga was exposed to English culture, the whole village came to see the changes that may have come over him. Once they realized that Ranga still had the same hands and legs, eyes and nose, they slowly dispersed from there. 2. Why did the author go to Ranga’s house? Why was he impressed? Ans The author joined the crowd on Ranga’s homecoming. Like other people in the village, he went to pay visit to Ranga’s house. He was impressed by the way Ranga touched his feet to do ‘namaskara’ and asked for his blessings. Q3. Why did the narrator take Ranga to see Shastri? Ans: The narrator had already instructed Shastri on how to influence Ranga to consent to the alliance between Ranga and Ratna. He took Ranga on the pretext of asking Shastri whether Ranga was worried about anything. Q4. Who was Ratna? What made the author think she was the perfect choice? Ans: Ratna was Rama Rao’s beautiful niece who had come to stay with him after her parents’ demise. She knew how to sing and could also play veena and harmonium. As she belonged to a good family background with certain qualities of head and heart, the narrator thought that she was the perfect match for Ranga. Q5. How did the narrator succeed in his mission of Ranga’s marriage? Ans: Though Ranga’s views on marriage were quite unconventional , yet Shyama, the narrator, was determined to work towards an alliance of Ranga with RamaRao’s beautiful eleven year old niece Ratna. Thus he cleverly arranged a meeting between Ranga and Ratna at his house. He connived with the village Shastri to influence Ranga with his prediction of Ranga’s interest for a girl. In the end, Ranga confessed his feelings for Ratna and they were married. For Additional Questions for Practice, Visit Question Bank in Library by CLICKING HERE

Topics Cloze Test Synonyms Antonyms Idioms Q.1 Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the given word. Obsolete Ans 1. Recent 2. Remote 3. Outdated 4. Rigid Q2. Q.2 Select the correctly spelt word. Ans 1. Embarasment 2. Encouragement 3. Conscinteous 4. Comotion Q.3 Select the most appropriate meaning of the given Idiom. The bee’s knees Ans 1. Observant 2. Foolish 3. Problematic 4. Extraordinary Q.4 Select the most appropriate word to fill in the blank. A reward is a ______ which motivates a person to achieve excellence in his field. Ans 1. monument 2. collection 3. recognition 4. memorial Q.5 Select the word which means the same as the given group of words. A sudden rush of a large number of frightened people or animals. Ans 1. Scapegoat 2. Lunacy 3. Stampede 4. Recluse Q.6 Select the word which means the same as the given group of words. One who loads and unloads ships. Ans 1. Spinster 2. Rustic 3. Stevedore 4. Captain Comprehension: In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank. Discipline is doing any work with rules and regulations. It is (1)______ misunderstood as a restriction to freedom but it makes our life organized. Discipline is a (2)______ for students and people in different professions. A disciplined person always (3)______ in each and every field of life. Disciplined people (4)______ a disciplined society and a powerful nation. Discipline should not be (5)______ upon the people, rather it should come from within. Sub Question No : 7 Q.7 Select the most appropriate option for blank number (1) Ans 1. happily 2. slowly 3. proudly 4. usually Q.8 Select the most appropriate option for blank number (2) Ans 1. virtue 2. disadvantage 3. curse 4. dream Comprehension: In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank. Discipline is doing any work with rules and regulations. It is (1)______ misunderstood as a restriction to freedom but it makes our life organized. Discipline is a (2)______ for students and people in different professions. A disciplined person always (3)______ in each and every field of life. Disciplined people (4)______ a disciplined society and a powerful nation. Discipline should not be (5)______ upon the people, rather it should come from within. Sub Question No : 9 Q.9 Select the most appropriate option for blank number (3) Ans 1. successful 2. succeed 3. succeeds 4. success Q.10 Select the most appropriate option for blank number (4) Ans 1. made 2. make 3. had made 4. makes Q.11 Select the most appropriate option for blank number (5) Ans 1. adorned 2. imposed 3. reposed 4. curbed Q.12 Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the given word. Derogatory Ans 1. Complimentary 2. Insulting 3. Depreciating 4. Intricate Q.13 Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word. Acknowledgement Ans 1. Elimination 2. Compensation 3. Confusion 4. Confirmation Q.14 Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence. No effort has been made by the Indian cricket team to cash off on its vibrant image in the World Cup. Ans 1. to cash in on 2. to cash up on 3. for cash through in 4. for cashing off on Q.15 Given below are four jumbled sentences. Out of the given options pick the one that gives their correct order. A. This is because of its aroma, flavour and variety in the market. B. Thus, it leads to poor health and mental disorders among children. C. Children as well as teenagers are tempted towards junk food. D. It has no or negligible nutritional value and high content of sugar and salt. Ans 1. BCDA 2. ACDB 3. CDAB 4. CADB Q.16 Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word. Prodigal Ans 1. Trivial 2. Humble 3. Arrogant 4. Extravagant Q.17 In the sentence identify the segment which contains the grammatical error. Those who follow a healthy routine is likely enjoying good health. Ans 1. is likely enjoying 2. a healthy routine 3. Those who follow 4. good health Q.18 Select the most appropriate word to fill in the blank. The government should take stringent steps against terrorists and foil their ______ designs. Ans 1. benevolent 2. conducive 3. malicious 4. exemplary Q.19 Given below are four jumbled sentences. Out of the given options pick the one that gives their correct order. A. They can then purchase them on subsidized rates with additional loan facilities. B. It will import technologically advanced medical instruments and provide them to entrepreneurs. C. The Indian Government has announced certain facilities in the budget session. D. This will help in strengthening the economic condition of entrepreneurs. Ans 1. DCAB 2. CADB 3. BDCA 4. CBAD Q.20 Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence. If there is no need to substitute it, select No improvement. The mathematical calculation of this problem is easy than a previous one. Ans 1. easier than the 2. easiest than the 3. easy than the 4. No Improvement Q.21 Select the correct passive form of the given sentence. His elder sister taught him English. Ans 1. His elder sister is taught English by him. 2. He has been taught English by his elder sister. 3. He was taught English by his elder sister. 4. He is being taught English by his elder sister. Q.22 Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom. To throw a fit Ans 1. Express extreme anger 2. Faint and fall down 3. Caution someone about fitness 4. Become unconscious Q.23 In the sentence identify the segment which contains the grammatical error. When I reached the cinema hall, the movie had already began. Ans 1. the movie had 2. When I reached 3. the cinema hall 4. already began Q.24 Select the correct indirect form of the given sentence. The teacher said to me, “You have not submitted the assignment.” Ans 1. The teacher said me that I had not submitted the assignment. 2. The teacher told me that I had not submitted the assignment. 3. The teacher said to me that I have not submitted the assignment. 4. The teacher told to me that I have not submitted that assignment. Q.25 Select the correctly spelt word. Ans 1. Employeed 2. Rehersal 3. Veterinary 4. Seperable Answer Key Q1. 1 Q2. 2 Q3. 4 Q4. 3 Q5. 3 Q6. 3 Q7. 4 Q8. 1 Q9. 3 Q10. 2 Q11. 2 Q12. 1 Q13. 4 Q14. 1 Q15. 4 Q16. 4 Q17. 1 Q18. 3 Q19. 4 Q20. 1 Q21. 3 Q22. 1 Q23. 4 Q24. 2 Q25. 3

Voice- Active and Passive What is Voice? Voice is the property of a verb which show whether the subject is acting or is being acted upon. Voice is of two types- Active Voice & Passive voice Active Voice When the subject or doer itself does the work, the verb I the sentence is in the ‘Active Voice.’ e.g. I am doing the work. Passive Voice: When the subject or doer does not do the work itself but receives the result of the action or something has been to it, the verb in the sentence is in the ‘Passive Voice’. e.g. The work is being done by me. Rules of Changing the Voice: 1. Object of the active voice takes the position of the subject in passive. e.g I do the work ( Active Voice) Object: the work ( Object in Active Voice) Passive Voice: The work is done by me (Now ‘The work’ is subject in passive voice) 2. In Passive voice am, is, are, was, were etc is followed by the third form of the verb ( V3) 3. ‘By’ is placed after the V3. Note: 1. We cannot make passive voice of the following four tenses. a) Present Perfect Continuous Tense b) Past Perfect Continuous Tense c) Future Continuous Tense d) Future Perfect Continuous Tense. 2. Intransitive Verb(i.e. verb without object) cannot be changed into passive Voice. e.g. She sang very well. (This sentence cannot be made passive voice) 3. Reflexive Pronoun cannot be put into passive. e.g. They enjoyed themselves. (Cannot be converted into passive voice) 4. Revise the Tenses and Learn the passive structure of different tenses from the following table. 1. How to Convert an interrogative Sentence into Passive Voice? a) If an interrogative sentence begins with ‘who’ in active voice, it is replaced by ‘whom’ in passive voice. e.g. Who teaches you English? ( Active) By whom are you taught English? ( Passive) b) If an interrogative sentence begins with ‘wh’ words, these are retained in passive voice. e.g. a) How did you do this work? ( active) How was this work done by you? ( Passive) b) Why did you do it? ( Active) Why was it done by you? ( Passive) c) If the active voice begins with ‘do/does/did’, they are replaced by am/is/are/was/were in passive voice according to singular or plural subject. i) Do you like Maths? Is Maths liked by you? ii) Do they watch films? Are films watched by them? iii) Does he watch film? Is film watched by him? iv) Did he watch the movie? Was the movie watched by him? d) We use ‘let’ to convert the active into passive voice of imperative sentences. e.g. Do the work now. Let the work be done now. Sing a song now. Let a song be sung now. e) ‘Please’ in active voice is replaced by ‘you are requested’ in passive voice. e.g. Please sing a song. You are requested to sing a song. f) If the active voice starts with ‘it is time’, the following pattern is used in passive voice. e.g. It is time to read a book. It is time for a book to be read. g) Remember the following pattern of conversion from the following table h) Refer to the following table for some more examples from imperative sentences. Use of the Passive Voice 1. To Describe a process Clothes are first kept inside the washing machine. Detergent is then kept inside the box. 2. For Reporting Incident in Newspapers. The boy was immediately taken to the hospital. A school student was run over by a lorry. The driver of the lorry was arrested. 3. For making a request, invitation or announcement You are requested to use the dustbin. You are cordially invited to preside over the meeting. The Rajdhani Express will be delayed by an hour. 4. For Writing Notice A cricket coaching camp will be held from 16th May. The students are hereby informed that... An inter-house cricket match will be conducted 5. For giving warning Smoking is prohibited on the premises. Trespassers will be prohibited. 6. For Describing social and Historical Significance M.K. Gandhi was assassinated. A great fight was fought in Kargil. For Exercise Questions, Click Here

Dear Aspirants of SSC/UPSC/ English Olympiad/ Railway/Bank Exams, Kindly go through this Question Paper. Attempt all the questions. Answers will be uploaded along with explanations very Shortly. Good Luck Monotosh Dey Staff Selection Commission, New Delhi 1. Fill up the blanks with the most appropriate word We must _______ help to the homeless and physically disabled people. a) render b) donate c) exert d) contribute Q.2 Given below are four jumbled sentences. Select the option that gives their correct order. A. However, the rate of population increase is another important factor to consider. B. This change can be expressed in two ways. C. Growth of population refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of a country. D. First, in terms of absolute numbers and second, in terms of percentage change. 1. BADC 2. BDCA 3. CBDA 4. CADB Q3. Select the passive form of the given sentence. The manager keeps the work pending. Ans 1. The work has been kept pending by the manager. 2The work was kept pending by the manager. 3. The work is kept pending by the manager. 4. The work are being kept pending by the manager Q.4 In the sentence identify the segment which contains the grammatical error. One of the boys from our school have been selected for National Badminton Championship. Ans 1. have been selected 2. from our school 3. for National Badminton Championship 4. One of the boys Q.5 Select the correct synonym of the given word. Obligatory 2. Reckless 3. Useless 4. Aggressive Q.6 Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence. If no substitution is required, select No improvement. The Director will agree with the proposal if we do not exceed the budget. Ans 1. agreed by the proposal 2. agree on a proposal 3. No Improvement 4. agree to the proposal Q7-11 Comprehension: In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each blank. Communication plays a (1)______ role in the overall development of man. It can be learnt by our (2)______ efforts. Today, success in our professional life depends on our (3)______ to read, write and speak well which results in effective communication. Barriers (4)______ communication hinder the communication process. It is very important to (5)______ these barriers so that the transmission of the message can be smooth. SubQuestion No : 7 Q.7 Select the most appropriate option for blank No. 1 Ans 1. better 2. vital 3. total 4. lifeless Sub Question No : 8 Q.8 Select the most appropriate option for blank No. 2 Ans 1. contradictory 2. unclear 3. important 4. conscious Sub Question No : 9 Q9. Select the most appropriate option for blank No. 3 1. Variety 2. agility 3. ability 4. facility Sub Question No : 10 Q.10 Select the most appropriate option for blank No. 4 Ans 1. to 2. against 3. by 4. from Sub Question No : 11 Q.11 Select the most appropriate option for blank No. 5 Ans 1. strengthen 2. create 3. overcome 4. succeed Q.12 Select the correct synonym of the given word. Scintillating Ans 1. Stinging 2. Glittering 3. Flattering 4. Boring Q.13 Select the word, which means the same as the given group of words. Something that cannot be heard Ans 1. infallible 2. audible 3. inaudible 4. irrevocable Q.14 Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence. If no substitution is required, select No improvement. The captain as well the players were responsible for winning the trophy. Ans 1. The captain also the players were 2. The captain as well as the players was 3. As The captain with the players were 4. No Improvement Q.15 Select the appropriate meaning of the given idiom. To take French leave Ans 1. Welcome the host 2. Acknowledge the host 3. Leave with written permission 4. Leave without any intimation Q.16 Given below are four jumbled sentences. Select the option that gives their correct order A. However, they ignore the truth that progress and success are proportional to the labor they put in. B. The general human tendency is to find faults in the policies framed by the government. C. They blame the government for their slow progress, expecting miracles and magical transformation in their life. D. So people openly criticize and condemn the policy makers. Ans 1. CDAB 2. DBAC 3. BDCA 4. ABCD Q.17 Select the word, which means the same as the groups of words given. A song sung at a burial Ans 1. Sonnet 2. Dirge 3. Hymn 4. Ballad Q.18 Select the appropriate meaning of the given idiom. A hard nut to crack Ans 1. Easily disappointed 2. A difficult problem 3. Not restrained 4. Easily encouraged Q.19 Fill in the blank with the most appropriate word. Handle this glass table with care because it is ______. Ans 1. frugal 3. fragile 4. volatile Q.20 Select the correctly spelt word. Ans 1. Bouquette 2. Humilliation 3. Sarcasm 4. Retalaite Q.21 Select the indirect narration of the given sentence. He said to the hotel receptionist, “Can you tell me the tariff of rooms? Ans 1. He asked the hotel receptionist that if he can tell him the tariff of rooms. 2. He asked the hotel receptionist to tell him the tariff of rooms. 3. He enquired the hotel receptionist if he can tell him the tariff of rooms. 4. He asked the hotel receptionist if he could tell him the tariff of rooms. Q.22 In the sentence identify the segment which contains the grammatical error. I can swim very fast when I was only five. Ans 1. I can swim 2. when I was 3. very fast 4. only five Q.23 Select the correctly spelt word. Ans 1. exhibit 2. exteract 3. exhoust 4. exhail Q.24 Select the correct antonym of the given word. Exodus Ans 1. Departure 2. Refund 3. Exit 4. Arrival Q.25 Select the correct antonym of the given word. Quiescent Ans 1. Peaceful 2. Dejected 3. Indifferent 4. Active Answer Key Q1. 1 Q2. 3 Q3. 3 Q4. 1 Q5. 1 Q6. 4 Q7. 2 Q8. 4 Q9. 3 Q10. 1 Q11. 3 Q12. 2 Q13. 3 Q14. 2 Q15. 4 Q16 3 Q17. 2 Q18. 2 Q19. 3 Q20. 3 Q21. 4 Q22. 1 Q23. 1 Q24. 4 Q25. 4