Search Results

Master Subject-Verb Agreement with this complete guide covering all rules, common errors, examples, and exercises with answers. Perfect for students, teachers, and competitive exam aspirants. What is Subject-Verb Agreement? Subject-Verb Agreement is one of the most fundamental rules in English grammar. It states that a verb must agree with its subject in number and person.  In simple terms, a singular subject takes a singular verb, and a plural subject takes a plural verb. Getting this rule right is the difference between writing that sounds polished and writing that sounds careless — and it is tested heavily in school examinations, competitive tests, and professional writing. Basic Examples: She writes  beautifully. (singular subject → singular verb) They write  beautifully. (plural subject → plural verb) The dog barks  at strangers. (singular) The dogs bark  at strangers. (plural) Understanding this basic principle is easy. The challenge lies in the many special cases and exceptions that English throws at us — and that is exactly what this guide will walk you through, rule by rule. RULE 1 — Singular and Plural Subjects The most basic rule: a singular subject  takes a singular verb  (usually ending in -s or -es in the present tense), and a plural subject  takes a plural verb  (without -s or -es). Examples: The bird sings  every morning. (singular) The birds sing  every morning. (plural) A child needs  love and discipline. Children need  love and discipline. The teacher explains  clearly. The teachers explain  clearly. Common Mistake: Students often confuse a noun ending in -s (plural) with a verb ending in -s (singular). Remember — when the noun is plural, the verb drops the -s. Exercise 1 — Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb. The girl ______ (run) to school every day. The boys ______ (play) cricket in the evening. A dog ______ (bark) when it senses danger. The students ______ (study) hard before examinations. She ______ (cook) dinner for the whole family. Birds ______ (migrate) to warmer regions in winter. The teacher ______ (check) our notebooks regularly. He ______ (not/like) crowded places. The children ______ (make) a lot of noise. A nurse ______ (take) care of patients. Answers: 1-runs, 2-play, 3-barks, 4-study, 5-cooks, 6-migrate, 7-checks, 8-does not like, 9-make, 10-takes RULE 2 — Collective Nouns A collective noun  refers to a group of people, animals, or things as a single unit. Words like team, jury, committee, class, family, army, crew, staff, government, audience, public, council, media, company  are collective nouns. The golden rule for collective nouns: If the group is acting together as a unit  → use a singular verb If the members are acting individually or separately  → use a plural verb Examples: Singular (acting as one): The team has  won the championship. The jury was  unanimous in its decision. The committee has  approved the proposal. The family is  going on a holiday. Plural (acting individually): The team are  arguing about their positions. The jury were  divided in their opinions. The family have  different views on the matter. The staff are  unhappy about the new policy. Important note on specific collective nouns: Collective Noun Singular Use Plural Use Government The government has passed the bill. The government are divided on this issue. Audience The audience was large. The audience were clapping at different times. Media The media is powerful. The media are covering the event differently. Crew The crew was ready. The crew were assigned different duties. Public The public is concerned. The public are expressing different opinions. Exercise 2 — Choose the correct verb. The committee (has/have) decided to postpone the meeting. The audience (was/were) divided in their reaction to the film. Our family (is/are) very close-knit. The jury (was/were) unable to reach a unanimous verdict. The staff (has/have) been asked to attend the training session together. The crew (is/are) assigned to different sections of the ship. The public (is/are) advised to remain indoors during the storm. The government (has/have) approved the new education policy. The media (is/are) reporting contradictory facts about the incident. The team (has/have) lost three members due to injuries. Answers: 1-has, 2-were, 3-is, 4-were, 5-has, 6-are, 7-is, 8-has, 9-are, 10-has RULE 3 — Compound Subjects (And / Or / Nor) When two or more subjects are joined by a conjunction, the verb changes depending on which conjunction is used. A — Subjects joined by AND When two subjects are joined by and , the verb is generally plural. Examples: Ram and Shyam are  best friends. Honesty and hard work lead  to success. The principal and the teachers have  agreed on the new schedule. She and her sister go  to the same school. Exception 1: When two nouns joined by 'and' refer to the same person or thing, the verb is singular. The director and producer is  attending the premiere. (one person holding both roles) Bread and butter is  my favourite breakfast. (considered one item) The sum and substance of his speech was  inspiring. Exception 2: When two singular nouns joined by 'and' are preceded by each or every, the verb is singular. Every student and every teacher is  expected to attend. Each boy and each girl has  been given a certificate. B — Subjects joined by OR / NOR / EITHER...OR / NEITHER...NOR When subjects are joined by or, nor, either...or, neither...nor , the verb agrees with the subject closest to it  (the nearer subject rule). Examples: Either the manager or the employees are  responsible. Either the employees or the manager is  responsible. Neither the students nor the teacher was  present. Neither the teacher nor the students were  present. He or his friends have  taken the book. His friends or he has  taken the book. Memory Tip: With OR/NOR — look RIGHT. The verb agrees with the subject to its right (the one closest to the verb). Exercise 3 — Fill in the blanks with the correct verb. Riya and Priya ______ (be) in the same class. Either the student or the teachers ______ (be) wrong. Neither the principal nor the staff ______ (know) about the incident. The coach and the captain ______ (have) agreed on the strategy. Every boy and every girl ______ (be) expected to participate. Either she or her friends ______ (have) taken my pen. Rice and curry ______ (be) his favourite meal. Neither the director nor the actors ______ (be) satisfied with the result. Each student and each teacher ______ (have) received the notice. Oil and water ______ (not/mix). Answers: 1-are, 2-are, 3-knows, 4-have, 5-is, 6-have, 7-is, 8-are, 9-has, 10-do not mix RULE 4 — Indefinite Pronouns as Subjects Indefinite pronouns  are pronouns that do not refer to any specific person or thing. They require careful attention because some are always singular, some always plural, and some can be either. Always Singular: everyone, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing, each, either, neither, one Examples: Everyone  in the class has  submitted the assignment. Someone  has left their bag in the corridor. Each  of the students is  responsible for their project. Neither  of the answers is  correct. Nobody  in the team was  aware of the change. Either  of the routes leads  to the station. Common Error: Students often write "Everyone have" or "Each of the students are" — both are wrong. These indefinite pronouns always take singular verbs. Always Plural: both, few, many, several, others Examples: Both  of the players have  been injured. Many  students were  absent during the test. Few  of them know  the truth. Several  teachers have  raised the issue. Singular or Plural depending on context: some, any, none, all, most With these, look at the noun in the prepositional phrase that follows. Examples: Some of the milk has  been spilled. (milk = uncountable = singular) Some of the students have  arrived. (students = plural) All of the work is  done. (work = uncountable = singular) All of the books are  on the shelf. (books = plural) None of the information is  accurate. (information = uncountable) None of the boys were  present. (boys = plural) Exercise 4 — Choose the correct verb. Everyone in the hall (was/were) asked to remain seated. Both of the answers (is/are) incorrect. Each of the players (has/have) been given a jersey. Neither of the solutions (work/works) in this case. Some of the food (has/have) gone bad. Many of the students (has/have) not completed their homework. All of the water (has/have) evaporated. Few of the participants (was/were) satisfied with the arrangements. Nobody (know/knows) where he went. Some of the furniture (is/are) damaged. Answers: 1-was, 2-are, 3-has, 4-works, 5-has, 6-have, 7-has, 8-were, 9-knows, 10-is RULE 5 — Nouns Plural in Form but Singular in Meaning Some nouns look plural  because they end in -s, but they are actually singular in meaning  and always take a singular verb. These are commonly tested in examinations. Subjects/Fields of Study: Mathematics, Physics, Economics, Statistics, Civics, Ethics, Linguistics, Phonetics, Aerobics, Gymnastics, Athletics Examples: Mathematics is  my favourite subject. Physics has  many practical applications. Economics is  a fascinating field of study. Statistics is  used in almost every industry. Linguistics deals  with the study of language. Diseases: Mumps, Measles, Rabies, Rickets, Shingles Examples: Mumps is  a common childhood disease. Measles has  been largely eliminated through vaccination. Rabies is  a serious and fatal disease. News, Games, and Others: News, Billiards, Darts, Draughts, Checkers Examples: The news is  disturbing today. Billiards is  a popular indoor sport. Darts is  played in many countries. RULE 6 — Nouns Singular in Form but Plural in Meaning Some nouns look singular but refer to multiple things and take plural verbs.  These are called plurale tantum  (words that only exist in the plural form) or words that naturally come in pairs. Items that come in pairs (always plural): scissors, trousers, jeans, spectacles, goggles, binoculars, tongs, pliers, shears, compasses, pincers, shorts, pyjamas, bellows, scales Examples: Scissors are  kept in the top drawer. Trousers are  not allowed in this school. My spectacles have  been misplaced. Binoculars are  used for watching distant objects. Pliers are  made of metal. Tongs are  used for holding hot objects. Important:  When you use "a pair of" before these nouns, the verb becomes singular. A pair of scissors is  on the table. A pair of trousers was  found at the reception. A pair of spectacles has  been left behind. Exercise 5 — Fill in the blanks with the correct verb. The news from the border ______ (be) alarming. Mathematics ______ (require) both logic and practice. My trousers ______ (be) too long — I need to get them shortened. Measles ______ (spread) through contact with infected persons. A pair of scissors ______ (be) needed for this craft activity. Physics ______ (be) the study of matter and energy. His spectacles ______ (be) broken in the accident. The pliers ______ (be) missing from the toolbox. Darts ______ (be) a game of precision and skill. A pair of binoculars ______ (help) in birdwatching. Answers: 1-is, 2-requires, 3-are, 4-spreads, 5-is, 6-is, 7-were, 8-are, 9-is, 10-helps RULE 7 — Intervening Phrases and Clauses One of the most common sources of error in subject-verb agreement is when a phrase or clause comes between the subject and the verb. Students mistakenly make the verb agree with the nearest noun, which may not be the actual subject. The rule:  Always identify the true subject of the sentence and ignore any intervening phrase. Common intervening phrases: along with together with as well as in addition to accompanied by including except with rather than Key rule: These phrases do NOT make the subject plural. The verb still agrees with the original subject. Examples: The principal, along with  the teachers, is  attending the conference. Riya, as well as  her friends, has  been selected. The manager, together with  his staff, is  working on the project. The teacher, in addition to  the students, was  present at the function. She, accompanied by  her parents, is  visiting the school. He, rather than  his brothers, is  responsible for this. Everyone except the seniors is  required to attend. How to test:  Remove the intervening phrase and check — what remains is the true subject. "The principal, along with the teachers, is attending." Remove "along with the teachers" → The principal is attending.  ✅ Exercise 6 — Fill in the blanks by identifying the true subject. The headmaster, along with his staff, ______ (be) attending the seminar. She, as well as her sisters, ______ (have) qualified for the finals. The players, together with their coach, ______ (be) travelling by train. Ravi, accompanied by his parents, ______ (be) meeting the principal. The committee, in addition to the board members, ______ (have) rejected the proposal. He, rather than his colleagues, ______ (be) responsible for the delay. The CEO, along with his directors, ______ (be) present at the inauguration. My friend, as well as my cousins, ______ (be) coming to my birthday party. The teacher, together with the students, ______ (have) planted trees in the school garden. Everyone except the captain ______ (be) ready to leave. Answers: 1-is, 2-has, 3-are, 4-is, 5-has, 6-is, 7-is, 8-is, 9-has, 10-is RULE 8 — Special Cases A — There is / There are When a sentence begins with there , the verb agrees with the real subject  that follows the verb. Examples: There is  a book on the table. (book = singular) There are  three books on the table. (books = plural) There is  a problem with the plan. There are  several problems with the plan. There was  a dog outside. There were  many dogs outside. B — Relative Pronouns (Who / Which / That) When who, which,  or that  is used as a subject in a relative clause, the verb agrees with the antecedent  (the noun the pronoun refers to). Examples: She is one of those teachers who inspire  students. (teachers inspire) He is the only one of the students who has  submitted the form. (one has) The books that are  on the shelf belong to the library. The book that is  on the shelf belongs to the library. Tricky pattern — "One of those who": She is one of those writers who write  honestly. (writers = plural → write) He is one of those players who play  with passion. "The only one of those who": She is the only one of the writers who writes  honestly. (one = singular → writes) C — Titles of Books, Films, Subjects, Countries When a title or name is used as a subject — even if it looks plural — it takes a singular verb. Examples: "The Outsiders" is  a popular novel. "Three Idiots" is  a brilliant film. The United States is  a powerful nation. The Arabian Nights is  a classic collection of stories. D — Arithmetic Expressions Addition and multiplication → usually singular Division and subtraction → can be singular Examples: Two plus two is  four. Five times three is  fifteen. Ten divided by two is  five. Exercise 7 — Mixed Special Cases There ______ (be) a large crowd at the entrance. There ______ (be) many complaints about the new policy. She is one of those students who ______ (work) very hard. He is the only one of the players who ______ (arrive) on time. "The Jungle Book" ______ (be) a wonderful story. There ______ (be) no reason to worry. The United States ______ (have) a very large economy. She is one of those teachers who ______ (inspire) students. Four plus four ______ (be) eight. There ______ (be) a pen and two notebooks on the table. Answers: 1-is/was, 2-are/were, 3-work, 4-has arrived, 5-is, 6-is, 7-has, 8-inspire, 9-is, 10-is RULE 9 — Distances, Weights, Amounts, and Periods of Time When a sentence refers to a specific quantity, distance, weight, amount of money, or period of time as a single unit , the verb is singular , even if the noun looks plural. Examples: Ten kilometres is  a long distance to walk. Three hours is  not enough time for this task. Five thousand rupees is  a reasonable amount. Twenty kilograms is  the maximum weight allowed. Two weeks is  a short time to learn a new language. Fifty percent of the work is  complete. Contrast: Fifty percent of the students are  absent today. (students = plural) Fifty percent of the water has  evaporated. (water = uncountable) Exercise 8 — Fill in the blanks. Fifteen kilometres ______ (be) too far to walk in this heat. Two hours ______ (be) not enough to complete this paper. Three thousand rupees ______ (be) the cost of the course. Fifty percent of the students ______ (have) passed the examination. Fifty percent of the rice ______ (have) been distributed. Ten years ______ (be) a long time to wait. Forty kilograms ______ (be) the limit for baggage. Seventy percent of the work ______ (be) already done. Answers: 1-is, 2-is, 3-is, 4-have, 5-has, 6-is, 7-is, 8-is COMPREHENSIVE MIXED EXERCISE — Test Your Understanding Section A — Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb. The news about the floods ______ (be) very disturbing. Neither of the two candidates ______ (be) suitable for the post. Physics and Mathematics ______ (be) her strongest subjects. A pair of jeans ______ (be) kept on the chair. The committee ______ (have) unanimously passed the resolution. Some of the furniture ______ (be) damaged in the fire. Five kilometres ______ (be) too long a distance for an unfit person. Everyone except the monitors ______ (be) required to clean the classroom. She is one of those writers who ______ (believe) in simple language. There ______ (be) a number of complaints registered this week. Section B — Identify and correct the error in each sentence. The jury have unanimously declared the verdict. Mathematics are not as difficult as people think. A pair of scissors are kept in the drawer. Neither of the students have submitted the form. The principal, along with the teachers, are attending the meeting. Everyone in the auditorium were clapping loudly. There is many reasons to feel hopeful. Ten hours are a long time to wait. Each of the boys have been given a certificate. She is one of those artists who paints from the heart. Section C — Error Correction Answers The jury has  unanimously declared the verdict. (acting as a unit) Mathematics is  not as difficult as people think. (singular in meaning) A pair of scissors is  kept in the drawer. (pair of = singular) Neither of the students has  submitted the form. (neither = singular) The principal, along with the teachers, is  attending. (intervening phrase) Everyone in the auditorium was  clapping. (everyone = singular) There are  many reasons to feel hopeful. (reasons = plural) Ten hours is  a long time to wait. (period of time = singular) Each of the boys has  been given a certificate. (each = singular) She is one of those artists who paint  from the heart. (artists = plural) Quick Reference — Subject-Verb Agreement Cheat Sheet Rule Key Point Verb Basic rule Singular subject Singular verb Basic rule Plural subject Plural verb Collective noun (united) Team, jury, committee acting as one Singular Collective noun (divided) Members acting individually Plural Joined by AND Two different subjects Plural Joined by OR/NOR Agree with nearer subject Varies Indefinite pronouns everyone, each, neither, either Singular Indefinite pronouns both, many, few, several Plural -ics words Mathematics, Physics, Economics Singular Diseases Mumps, Measles, Rabies Singular Pair items Scissors, trousers, spectacles Plural A pair of + item A pair of scissors Singular Intervening phrase Along with, as well as, together with Ignore phrase; agree with main subject There is/are Agree with the real subject after verb Varies Distances/time/amounts As a single unit Singular Titles Book/film titles Singular Common Mistakes to Avoid Mistake 1:  Making the verb agree with the nearest noun instead of the true subject. ❌ The quality of the apples are  poor. ✅ The quality of the apples is  poor. (quality = subject) Mistake 2:  Treating collective nouns as always singular. ❌ The jury was  divided in their opinions. ✅ The jury were  divided in their opinions. (acting individually) Mistake 3:  Using plural verbs with indefinite pronouns. ❌ Everyone have  done their best. ✅ Everyone has  done their best. Mistake 4:  Forgetting that -ics words are singular. ❌ Statistics are  a difficult subject. ✅ Statistics is  a difficult subject. Mistake 5:  Making "a pair of" sentences plural. ❌ A pair of shoes are  on the floor. ✅ A pair of shoes is  on the floor. Key Takeaways Subject-Verb Agreement is not a collection of arbitrary rules — it is the language's way of keeping its subjects and verbs in conversation with each other. Master these rules, practise consistently, and you will find that correct agreement starts to feel natural rather than laboured. Related Post Determiners | Types, Uses & Examples with Exercises | English Grammar Note: Refer to Verb & its Forms here. Rule 1 If the two nouns suggest one idea or refer to the same person or thing, the verb is put in the Singular number. Bread butter is her only food. My friend and adviser is sick. Rule 2 When two or more singular subjects are connected by ‘or, not, either…or, neither….nor, the Singular Verb is used. He or his friend knows the secret. Either you or your brother has seen him. Neither he nor his friend was there. Rule 3 If one of the subjects is ‘ in the plural’ the verb also must be ‘plural’ e.g. Either you or your brothers have seen the match. Rule 4 When the subjects joined by or or nor are in different persons, the verb agrees in person with the subject nearest to it. Either he or I am mistaken. Neither you nor he is to blame. Note: The above sentences can also be written in a better way as the following. Either he is mistaken or I am Neither you nor he is to blame. Rule 5 When two subjects are joined by ‘as well as’, the verb agrees in number and person with the first subject. The leader as well as his followers was excited. ( not were excited..) My teachers as well as I was invited to the party. ( not were invited..) Rule 6 Words like ‘’either, neither, each, everyone, Many a’’ must be followed by a singular verb. Either of the two books reveals the idea. Neither of the two girls has passed the exam. Each of the boys is intelligent. Everyone of the boys is studious. Many a girl has attended the party. (‘many a girl’ means ‘many girls’) Rule 7 Two nouns qualified by ‘each’ and ‘every’ though connected by ‘and’ requires a ‘singular verb’. Each and every man has his own ways. Every boy and every girl is given chances. Rule 8 A collective noun takes a singular verb if it is regarded as a whole. But it takes plural verb if it is regarded as a number of individuals. The assembly has issued a circular. ( taken as a whole) The assembly have issued a circular ( when members are taken individually) Rule 9 When a plural noun names a quantity or an amount as a whole, its verb is in singular. Twenty thousand rupees is a large sum. A hundred thousand rupees is a lakh. The thousand rupees you gave me yesterday is pick-pocketed. Rule 10 When a singular noun or a pronoun is joined to another noun or pronoun by ‘with, besides, and not, together with, no less than, etc, the verb is singular. T he shop with its goods was gutted in fire. The ship with its crew was sunk. He no less than you is guilty. No one besides Sohan knows it. The teacher together with his students has watched the match. Rule 11 In modern day usage, ‘none’ is followed by plural verbs. None of his answers are correct. None of these facts are correct. Are there any boys in the hostel? There are none. Rule 12 Verbs take singular or plural in the following cases depending on whether the two profiles denote the same person or two different persons. The secretary and Chairman was present in the meeting. ( Same Person) The secretary and the Chairman were present in the meeting. ( different persons) Recommended Resource for Self-Study Given Below

Learn determiners in English grammar with types, rules, examples, and exercises. Improve sentence clarity and writing skills with simple explanations. What Are Determiners? | Articles & Demonstratives A determiner is a word placed before a noun to introduce it and give more information about it — specifically about quantity, possession, specificity, or identity . A determiner always comes before the noun (and any adjectives describing that noun). Simple rule:  If a word sits before a noun and tells us which one , how many , or whose  — it is a determiner. Examples: The  dog barked loudly. Some  children were playing outside. My  bag is on the table. Three  birds sat on the fence. TYPE 1 — ARTICLES Articles are the most commonly used determiners. There are only three: a, an, the. A — The Indefinite Article Usage: Used before a singular countable noun when it is mentioned for the first time. Used when the noun refers to any one member of a group, not a specific one. Used before words beginning with a consonant sound. Examples: I saw a  dog in the street. (any dog, not a specific one) She is a  doctor. He lives in a  small house. A  boy came to meet you. AN — The Indefinite Article Usage: Same as 'a' but used before words beginning with a vowel sound  (not just a vowel letter). Remember: it is the sound  that matters, not the spelling. Examples: She ate an  apple. He is an  honest man. (honest — 'h' is silent; begins with vowel sound 'o') It was an  hour-long match. ('hour' begins with vowel sound) She is an  MBA student. ('MBA' — pronounced 'em', begins with vowel sound) He is a  university student. ('university' begins with 'yu' sound — consonant) It was a  one-sided match. ('one' begins with 'wu' sound — consonant) Common Error to Avoid:  Students often write "a honest man" or "an university." Always say the word aloud and check the first sound. THE — The Definite Article Usage: Used when the noun has already been mentioned and both speaker and listener know which one is being referred to. Used when there is only one of something. Used with superlatives. Used with names of rivers, seas, mountain ranges, groups of islands. Used with musical instruments. Examples: I bought a pen. The  pen is blue. (second mention — now specific) The  sun rises in the east. (only one sun) She is the  best student in class. (superlative) We visited the  Himalayas. (mountain range) He plays the  violin beautifully. The  Ganges is a sacred river. When NOT to use 'the': Before names of people: The Rohan is my friend. Before names of languages: She speaks the French. Before names of meals: We had the lunch together. Before names of games: He plays the cricket. TYPE 2 — DEMONSTRATIVE DETERMINERS These point to specific nouns — near or far. Determiner Used with Distance This Singular noun Near That Singular noun Far These Plural noun Near Those Plural noun Far Examples: This  book is very interesting. (singular, near) That  building is very old. (singular, far) These  mangoes are sweet. (plural, near) Those  children are very noisy. (plural, far) Important distinction:  When used alone — "This is my pen" — 'this' is a pronoun. When used before a noun — "This pen is mine" — 'this' is a determiner. PERIOD 1 — PRACTICE QUESTIONS Section A — Fill in the blanks with a, an, or the. I have ______ idea that might help us. She is ______ honest person. ______ Amazon is the largest river by volume. He wants to become ______ engineer. We saw ______ elephant at ______ zoo yesterday. ______ moon was bright last night. It took ______ hour to complete ______ task. She plays ______ guitar every evening. He is ______ European traveller visiting India. ______ dog that bit me yesterday has been caught. Section B — Correct the errors in the following sentences. She is a honest woman who never lies. The gold is a precious metal. He plays the hockey for his school. A sun rises in the east. I saw a movie yesterday. A movie was very boring. Section C — Fill in the blanks with this, that, these, or those. ______ birds on the distant tree are parrots. ______ is my pen — don't touch it. ______ mangoes I am holding are very sweet. ______ mountains in the distance look beautiful. Can you hand me ______ book that is next to you? Section D — Short Answer What is the difference between 'a' and 'an'? Give two examples of each. When do we use 'the' before a noun? Give three different situations with examples. Are demonstratives always determiners? Explain with an example. Quantifiers | Possessives | Numbers TYPE 3 — QUANTIFIERS Quantifiers tell us how much  or how many  of something. This is where students need to be most careful because different quantifiers work with different types of nouns. Countable vs Uncountable Nouns — Quick Revision Countable nouns  can be counted: pen, book, child, mango, chair. Uncountable nouns  cannot be counted: water, milk, rice, sugar, advice, information, luggage. SOME and ANY SOME: Used in positive/affirmative sentences. Used with both countable (plural) and uncountable nouns. Also used in questions when offering something or expecting a 'yes' answer. Examples: There is some  milk in the fridge. (uncountable) She bought some  mangoes from the market. (countable plural) Would you like some  tea? (offer) ANY: Used in negative sentences and questions. Used with both countable (plural) and uncountable nouns. Examples: There isn't any  sugar left. (negative, uncountable) Are there any  students absent today? (question, countable) He didn't give me any  information. (negative, uncountable) Related Post Tenses in English Grammar | Present, Past & Future | Structure & Usage MUCH, MANY, A LOT OF Determiner Used with Sentence type Much Uncountable Negative / Question Many Countable plural Negative / Question A lot of / Lots of Both Affirmative Examples: How much  water do you drink daily? She doesn't have much  time. How many  books have you read? There aren't many  students in the hall. He has a lot of  patience. (uncountable) She has a lot of  friends. (countable) FEW, A FEW, LITTLE, A LITTLE This is a very important distinction for exams. Determiner Meaning Used with Few Almost none (negative idea) Countable plural A few Some, enough (positive idea) Countable plural Little Almost none (negative idea) Uncountable A little Some, enough (positive idea) Uncountable Examples: Few  students passed the test. (most failed — negative) A few  students passed the test. (some passed — positive) There is little  hope of finding him. (almost no hope) There is a little  milk left. (some milk — enough) Memory tip:  The article 'a' makes the quantifier positive. Without 'a' — the meaning is negative or pessimistic. EACH and EVERY Both mean 'all members of a group' but are used slightly differently. Each  — refers to members individually, one by one. Can be used with as few as two. Every  — refers to all members as a whole. Usually used with three or more. Both are used with singular countable nouns. Examples: Each  student was given a certificate. (individually) Every  child deserves a good education. (all, collectively) She checked each  answer carefully. He goes for a walk every  morning. EITHER and NEITHER Either  — one or the other (of two). Used with singular nouns. Neither  — not one and not the other (of two). Used with singular nouns. Examples: You can take either  road — both lead to the station. Neither  answer is correct. Either  team can win the match. TYPE 4 — POSSESSIVE DETERMINERS These show ownership or belonging. They always come before a noun. Possessive Determiner Refers to My First person singular Our First person plural Your Second person His Third person singular (male) Her Third person singular (female) Its Third person singular (thing/animal) Their Third person plural Examples: My  brother is a doctor. They forgot their  homework. The dog wagged its  tail. Our  school won the championship. Common Error:  'Its' (possessive) vs 'It's' (it is). Its  fur is soft. (possession — correct) It's fur is soft. (it is fur — wrong) TYPE 5 — NUMBERS AS DETERMINERS Cardinal numbers  (one, two, three...) and ordinal numbers  (first, second, third...) function as determiners when placed before nouns. Examples: Three  boys were absent today. (cardinal) She stood first  in the class. (ordinal) He has two  sisters. This is the fifth  time he has been late. PRACTICE QUESTIONS Section A — Choose the correct option. There isn't ______ time left. (much / many) ______ children were playing in the park. (Few / Little) She has ______ patience — she never loses her temper. (a lot of / many) Can I have ______ water, please? (some / any) He didn't have ______ money to buy the book. (much / many) ______ student in the school must follow the rules. (Each / Every) There is ______ milk in the glass — just enough for one cup. (a little / a few) ______ side of the argument has merit. (Either / Neither) We have ______ friends who live abroad. (a few / a little) ______ answer was correct — both were wrong. (Either / Neither) Section B — Fill in the blanks with much, many, few, a few, little, or a little. ______ people know the truth about what happened that night. He has ______ interest in sports — he prefers reading. She has ______ friends, so she is never lonely. There is ______ sugar in the jar — we need to buy more. I have ______ minutes to spare — shall we have tea? Section C — Fill in the blanks with possessive determiners. The cat licked ______ paws after eating. We submitted ______ project before the deadline. Riya forgot ______ lunch box at home. The students raised ______ hands to answer. He could not find ______ wallet anywhere. Section D — Error Correction Every students must submit their assignment by Friday. Few water was left in the bottle. She didn't eat many rice at dinner. Neither of the two options are acceptable. He has a little friends in the new school. Section E — Short Answer What is the difference between 'few' and 'a few'? Write two sentences to illustrate. When would you use 'each' instead of 'every'? Explain with examples. What is the difference between 'much' and 'many'? Give two examples of each. Interrogative & Distributive Determiners | Revision | Mixed Practice TYPE 6 — INTERROGATIVE DETERMINERS These are used to ask questions about nouns. The three interrogative determiners are what, which, and whose. WHAT Used to ask a general question when the choice is unlimited or open. Examples: What  colour do you prefer? What  time does the train leave? What  subject do you enjoy most? WHICH Used when the choice is limited — between specific options. Examples: Which  book do you want — this one or that one? Which  team won the match? Which  route should we take? What vs Which: " What  sport do you play?" (open — any sport) " Which  sport do you prefer — cricket or football?" (limited choice) WHOSE Used to ask about ownership or possession. Examples: Whose  bag is lying on the floor? Whose  turn is it to speak? Whose  idea was this? Important:  'Whose' as a determiner is followed by a noun. 'Whose' as a pronoun stands alone. Whose  book is this? (determiner — followed by noun) Whose  is this? (pronoun — stands alone) TYPE 7 — DISTRIBUTIVE DETERMINERS These refer to members of a group individually or in parts. Each, Every, Either, Neither  — already covered above on this link. Two more important ones: BOTH Refers to two things or people together. Used with plural countable nouns. Examples: Both  players played brilliantly. She speaks both  Hindi and English. Both  answers are correct. ALL Refers to the entire quantity or every member of a group. Used with plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns. Examples: All  students must be present. (countable plural) All  the milk has been used. (uncountable) She ate all  the mangoes. All  that glitters is not gold. COMPREHENSIVE SUMMARY TABLE Type Determiners Used with Articles a, an, the Singular countable (a/an); all nouns (the) Demonstratives this, that, these, those Singular (this/that); Plural (these/those) Quantifiers some, any, much, many, few, a few, little, a little, a lot of Varies — see Period 2 Possessives my, our, your, his, her, its, their All nouns Numbers one, two, first, second... Countable nouns Interrogatives what, which, whose All nouns Distributives each, every, either, neither, both, all Singular / plural — varies PRACTICE QUESTIONS Section A — Fill in the blanks with what, which, or whose. ______ pen is this? It was found near the gate. ______ of the two dresses should I wear to the function? ______ did you have for breakfast this morning? ______ train are you taking — the express or the passenger? ______ idea was it to go hiking in this heat? Section B — Fill in the blanks with both or all. ______ the children in the class were excited about the trip. ______ teams played well, but only one could win. She has read ______ the books on that shelf. ______ his parents are doctors. ______ that she said made perfect sense. Section C — Comprehensive Fill in the Blanks   (Mixed — use any appropriate determiner) ______ student must carry ______ identity card to the examination hall. ______ of the two roads leads to the station — you can take ______. There are ______ students in the library — it is almost empty. She has ______ experience in teaching — she is new to the profession. ______ honest answer is worth more than ______ clever lies. He did not give me ______ useful advice. ______ the three brothers work in the same company. I have only ______ minutes — can we talk quickly? ______ way you look at it, the problem remains unsolved. ______ book on this shelf belongs to the school library. Section D — Identify the determiner and its type. Those mountains look beautiful in the mist. Every child in this school is talented. Whose notebook is lying on the floor? She has a few concerns about the plan. Both the players were given a medal. Which dress did she finally choose? There is very little time left to finish. My grandfather was an extraordinary man. Three students represented the school. Neither answer was satisfactory. Section E — Error Correction (Mixed) Which of your friends are coming — Riya and Priya? Whose is the bag on the table? (used as determiner) All the milk were used up before noon. She has very few patience with careless work. Both the answer is correct. Every students must bring their own stationery. There wasn't many noise outside. He is a honest and hardworking man. I would like a little biscuits with my tea. Neither of the two boys were present. Section F — Rewrite using the correct determiner. I do not have ______ information about this. (some / any) ______ of the students could answer the question — it was too hard. (Few / Little) He has ______ patience left — he is about to lose his temper. (little / few) She wants to take ______ rest before the meeting. (some / any) ______ road you take, you will reach the station. (Either / Neither) Section G — Writing Task (applying determiners) Write a short paragraph of 8–10 sentences describing your classroom. Use at least eight different types of determiners and underline each one. You may describe what you see, how many students are present, whose belongings are where, and what activities are happening. ANSWER KEY — SELECTED ANSWERS Period 1, Section A:  1-an, 2-an, 3-The, 4-an, 5-an/the, 6-The, 7-an/the, 8-the, 9-a, 10-The Period 1, Section B:  1-an honest, 2-Gold is, 3-plays hockey, 4-The sun, 5-The movie was Section A:  1-much, 2-Few, 3-a lot of, 4-some, 5-much, 6-Every, 7-a little, 8-Either, 9-a few, 10-Neither Section D:  1-Every student, 2-Little water, 3-much rice, 4-is acceptable, 5-few friends Section A:  1-Whose, 2-Which, 3-What, 4-Which, 5-Whose Section D:  1-Those (demonstrative), 2-Every (distributive), 3-Whose (interrogative), 4-a few (quantifier), 5-Both (distributive), 6-Which (interrogative), 7-little (quantifier), 8-My (possessive), 9-Three (number), 10-Neither (distributive) Section E:  1-Which of your two friends, 2-Whose bag is on the table, 3-All the milk was, 4-little patience, 5-Both the answers are, 6-Every student must, 7-much noise, 8-an honest, 9-a few biscuits, 10-Neither of the two boys was Examples Identifiers: This book, that boy, these girls, those flowers. This, that, these , those identify nouns like book, boy, girls, flowers etc. Quantifiers: A toy, an egg, one boy, two boys , all girls, any man, either book, some women , both the girls, another child, every man, each boy, neither boy, few boys , many mangoes, little water, much sugar, more toys, most men, no man , severa l dolls, enough money , such boys etc. There are about 50 different determiners in the English language which include: Exercise: Here are a few questions and statements written down by the Cultural Secretary, that she/he needs to share. Tick the correct words from those given in brackets. (a) How (much/many) (chair/chairs) do we need? (b) (Much/ Several) (schools/ schools) will be participating. (c) (Several/much) (student/students) have arrived. (d) How (much/many) (information/ informations) does this brochure give? (e) We have only (a few/ a little) sponsors for (some/ much) events. (Reference: https://cbse.nic.in/publications/interact_in_english_wb_ix) Exercise Fill up the blanks with suitable determiners: 1. I read ______ books last night. 2. I didn't buy ______ vegetables today. 3. I want to have ______ water . 4. There are trees on ______ side of the roads. 5. Do you need _____ money? 6. This is ________ house. 7. Do you like _____ new house which I bought last night? 8 There are _____ students in the school today. 9. Please put ____ sugar in my coffee. 10. ______ Men make mistakes. 11. ________ books I had were all burnt. 12. There is _______ sugar left in the bowl. 13. I like ______ kind of music. 14. I can't get on well with ______ people. 15. ______ knowledge is a dangerous thing. Consider Visiting our Grammar Home Page Here for more Topics and Worksheets.

CONTENTS 1. Forms of Verbs 2. Conjugation of verbs 3. Position of BE and Have Verbs. 4. Tense and its Types. 5. Simple Present- Structure and Uses with examples. Forms of Verbs ​BE VERBS ​am, is, are, was, were ​HAVE VERBS ​have, has, had ​STRONG VERBS ​Write- wrote- Written (Note: Strong Verbs or irregular verbs form their past tense by changing the inside vowels of present tense.) ​WEAK VERBS ​flow- flowed/ feel- felt etc. (Note: Weak verbs also called regular verbs form their past tense by adding ‘-d, -ed, or –t’. ) Conjugation of Regular/ Irregular Verbs Conjugation of Verbs Position of Be & Have Verbs Position of Be and have Verbs INTRODUCTION TO TENSES A tense  is the form a verb takes to show the time  at which an action takes place. Every sentence has a tense, and choosing the wrong tense is one of the most common errors in written and spoken English. There are three main tenses  — Present, Past, and Future — and each has four forms: Form Function Simple Basic fact or habit Continuous Action in progress Perfect Completed action with present/past relevance Perfect Continuous Action that began earlier and is still continuing 1 . SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE Structure: Subject + V1 (base form) He / She / It / Singular noun → add -s  or -es  to the verb I / We / You / They → base form Usage: a) Habitual or repeated actions She wakes  up at six every morning. They play  cricket on Sundays. b) Universal truths and facts The earth revolves  around the sun. Water boils  at 100 degrees Celsius. c) Permanent situations He lives  in Mumbai. She works  at a hospital. d) Scheduled future events The train leaves  at 7 p.m. tonight. The match begins  at 4 o'clock. e) Instructions and directions You take  the first left and then turn  right. Negative: Subject + do/does + not + V1 She does not  eat meat. They do not  know the answer. Question: Do/Does + Subject + V1? Does  he speak French? Do  they live nearby? 2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE Structure: Subject + is/am/are + V1+ing Usage: a) Action happening right now She is reading  a novel at the moment. They are playing  in the garden. b) Temporary action (not permanent) He is staying  with his uncle this week. I am working  from home these days. c) Planned future action We are leaving  for Delhi tomorrow. She is meeting  the principal in the evening. d) Annoying/repeated habits (with 'always') He is always losing  his keys. She is always interrupting  when others speak. Verbs NOT used in continuous form (Stative Verbs): know, believe, understand, love, hate, want, need, see, hear, smell, taste, own, belong, seem, appear. ❌ She is knowing the answer. ✅ She knows the answer. 3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE Structure: Subject + has/have + V3 (past participle) Usage: a) Action just completed She has just finished  her homework. The train has left  the station. b) Action completed but time not specified I have visited  Agra. He has read  this book before. c) Action that began in the past and continues She has lived  here for ten years. I have known  him since childhood. d) With: just, already, yet, ever, never, recently, since, for Have you ever  eaten sushi? She has never  been abroad. I have already  submitted the form. Have  you finished yet ? Since vs For: Since  → specific point in time: since Monday, since 2010, since morning. For  → duration: for three hours, for a week, for many years. 4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE Structure: Subject + has/have + been + V1+ing Usage: a) Action that started in the past and is still continuing She has been studying  for three hours. It has been raining  since morning. b) Action recently stopped but its effect is visible He looks tired — he has been working  all day. Her eyes are red — she has been crying . c) To emphasise duration They have been waiting  for the bus for forty minutes. EXERCISE QUESTIONS Section A — Fill in the blanks using Simple Present Tense. The sun ______ (set) in the west. She ______ (teach) Mathematics at our school. He ______ (not/eat) non-vegetarian food. Water ______ (freeze) at zero degrees Celsius. The bus ______ (leave) at eight every morning. ______ she ______ (speak) any foreign language? Honest people always ______ (tell) the truth. He ______ (not/know) where she lives. The match ______ (start) at five this evening. Nurses ______ (take) care of patients in hospitals. Section B — Fill in the blanks using Present Continuous Tense. Listen! Someone ______ (knock) at the door. She ______ (not/watch) television right now. They ______ (plan) a surprise party for her birthday. He ______ (always/talk) during the class — it's very annoying. We ______ (leave) for Pune tomorrow morning. The children ______ (play) cricket in the ground. I ______ (read) a very interesting novel these days. ______ you ______ (wait) for someone? Section C — Fill in the blanks using Present Perfect Tense. She ______ (just/finish) cooking dinner. I ______ (never/see) such a beautiful sunset before. He ______ (live) in this city since 2015. ______ you ______ (ever/ride) a horse? They ______ (not/receive) any reply yet. We ______ (know) each other for fifteen years. The teacher ______ (already/explain) this chapter. It ______ (not/rain) here for three months. Section D — Fill in the blanks using Present Perfect Continuous Tense. She ______ (study) since six in the morning. They ______ (wait) for over an hour. He looks exhausted — he ______ (run) all afternoon. It ______ (snow) since last night. I ______ (work) on this project for two weeks. Section E — Identify the tense in each sentence. She has been learning French for six months. The earth moves around the sun. They are building a new school in our area. He has already eaten his lunch. We play badminton every evening. The doctor is examining the patient right now. I have never tasted this dish before. It has been drizzling since afternoon. Section F — Error Correction She is knowing the answer very well. I am living here since ten years. He have finished his homework already. They are play cricket in the park. She has been wait for you since morning. Water are boiling at 100 degrees. Has she went to the market yet? He is always loosing his things. Past Tenses — All Four Forms 1. SIMPLE PAST TENSE Structure: Subject + V2 (past form) Negative: Subject + did + not + V1 Question: Did + Subject + V1? Usage: a) Completed action at a definite time in the past She visited  Jaipur last year. He finished  the work at noon. b) Series of completed past actions She entered  the room, sat  down, and opened  her book. c) Past habits (with 'used to' or simple past) He used to  walk to school every day. They played  together when they were children. d) Historical facts Gandhi was  born in 1869. India became  independent in 1947. Common Irregular Verbs: V1 V2 V3 go went gone write wrote written take took taken speak spoke spoken know knew known begin began begun break broke broken see saw seen give gave given come came come 2. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE Structure: Subject + was/were + V1+ing Usage: a) Action in progress at a specific past time At eight last night, she was studying . What were  you doing  at this time yesterday? b) Longer action interrupted by a shorter one She was cooking  when the phone rang . I was walking  to school when it started  raining. c) Two simultaneous past actions While she was reading , he was watching  television. She was singing  while he was playing  the guitar. d) Background description in narrative The sun was setting . A cool breeze was blowing . Birds were returning  to their nests. Past Continuous vs Simple Past: Simple Past = completed, shorter action. Past Continuous = longer, ongoing background action. Ex: She was sleeping  (ongoing) when the alarm rang  (short, completed). 3. PAST PERFECT TENSE Structure: Subject + had + V3 (past participle) Usage: a) Action completed before another past action When I reached the station, the train had already left . She had finished  her homework before dinner. b) Reporting what someone had done He said he had never  visited Mumbai. c) With 'by the time', 'before', 'after', 'when', 'already' By the time we arrived, the function had ended . After she had eaten , she went for a walk. Key Rule: When two past actions are mentioned, the action that happened first  uses Past Perfect (had + V3) , and the one that happened second  uses Simple Past. She had locked  the door before she left . (locking happened first) 4. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE Structure: Subject + had + been + V1+ing Usage: a) Action that had been going on for some time before another past action She had been waiting  for an hour when he finally arrived. They had been playing  for two hours before it started raining. b) Cause of a past situation He was tired because he had been working  all day. Her eyes were red because she had been crying . c) Emphasising duration before a past moment By 2010, she had been teaching  at the school for fifteen years. EXERCISE QUESTIONS Section A — Fill in the blanks using Simple Past Tense. She ______ (write) a letter to her friend yesterday. They ______ (not/attend) the function last evening. ______ he ______ (speak) to the principal about the matter? The children ______ (run) out of the classroom when the bell ______ (ring). India ______ (win) the match by ten wickets. She ______ (not/know) anyone at the party. He ______ (take) his medicine before going to bed. We ______ (go) to the museum last Sunday. The teacher ______ (give) us a lot of homework. She ______ (see) him at the market this morning. Section B — Fill in the blanks using Past Continuous Tense. She ______ (read) when her mother called her. What ______ you ______ (do) at nine last night? They ______ (not/study) when the teacher entered. While he ______ (drive), it ______ (start) to rain heavily. The children ______ (play) in the park when the accident occurred. She ______ (cook) dinner while he ______ (watch) television. At this time yesterday, I ______ (sit) in the examination hall. The old man ______ (walk) slowly when we ______ (meet) him. Section C — Fill in the blanks using Past Perfect Tense. When we arrived at the cinema, the film ______ (already/begin). She ______ (never/travel) by air before that journey. By the time he reached home, everyone ______ (eat) dinner. He told me that he ______ (finish) the project. After she ______ (lock) the door, she realised she had left her keys inside. They ______ (not/meet) before that conference. I knew her because I ______ (see) her at the school earlier. She ______ (just/leave) when I arrived. Section D — Fill in the blanks using Past Perfect Continuous Tense. He was breathless because he ______ (run) for a long time. She ______ (teach) at this school for twenty years before she retired. They ______ (wait) for three hours when the bus finally arrived. By the time the doctor came, the patient ______ (suffer) for days. I was exhausted because I ______ (work) all night. Section E — Choose the correct tense. When she (entered / was entering) the room, everyone (stood / was standing) up. He (lived / had lived) in that house for thirty years before he sold it. While they (played / were playing) cricket, it (began / was beginning) to thunder. She (finished / had finished) cooking before the guests arrived. I (saw / was seeing) him at the market — he (wore / was wearing) a red shirt. Section F — Error Correction When I reached, the train already left. She was cook dinner when I called her. They had went to the market before noon. He known the answer but he didn't speak. While she was singing, he slept. By the time I arrived, she is waiting for an hour. She didn't knew anyone at the function. I was see him walking towards the station. Section G — Rewrite using the correct past tense. She (be) very tired because she (work) all day. After he (eat) his dinner, he (go) to sleep. While the teacher (explain), the students (take) notes. I (not/meet) her before I (see) her at the wedding. By 2020, they (live) in that house for fifteen years. Future Tenses | Revision | Mixed Practice 1. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE Structure: Subject + will + V1 Negative: Subject + will + not (won't) + V1 Question: Will + Subject + V1? Usage: a) Decisions made at the moment of speaking It's cold. I will close  the window. I will call  you in the evening. b) Predictions based on opinion or belief I think it will rain  tomorrow. She will probably  win the competition. c) Promises and offers I will help  you with your homework. Don't worry — I won't  tell anyone. d) Threats and warnings If you don't study, you will fail . They will regret  this decision. e) Facts about the future She will turn  eighteen next month. The new school will open  in January. 2. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE Structure: Subject + will + be + V1+ing Usage: a) Action in progress at a specific future time At this time tomorrow, I will be travelling  to Delhi. She will be attending  a seminar all morning. b) Planned or expected future action He will be waiting  for you at the airport. They will be celebrating  their anniversary this weekend. c) Polite enquiries about plans Will  you be joining  us for dinner? Will  she be coming  to the meeting? 3. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE Structure: Subject + will + have + V3 Usage: a) Action that will be completed before a specific future time By next month, she will have finished  the course. By eight o'clock, he will have reached  home. b) Action that will be completed before another future action By the time you arrive, I will have cooked  dinner. She will have left  before you get there. c) With 'by', 'by the time', 'before' By 2030, scientists will have found  a cure for the disease. He will have retired  before the new system comes into place. 4. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE Structure: Subject + will + have + been + V1+ing Usage: a) Duration of an action up to a point in the future By December, she will have been working  here for five years. By next year, they will have been living  in this house for a decade. b) Emphasising continuity leading up to a future moment When he retires, he will have been teaching  for thirty years. By tonight, I will have been travelling  for twelve hours. GOING TO — Future Plans and Intentions Structure: Subject + is/am/are + going to + V1 Usage: a) Plans and intentions already decided She is going to  study medicine. They are going to  renovate the house next month. b) Predictions based on present evidence Look at those dark clouds — it is going to  rain. He is driving too fast — he is going to  have an accident. Will vs Going to: Will Going to Spontaneous decision Pre-planned decision "I'll answer the phone." "I'm going to call him later." General prediction Evidence-based prediction "It will rain tomorrow." "Look at the clouds — it's going to rain." COMPREHENSIVE TENSE SUMMARY TABLE Tense Structure Key Words Simple Present V1 / V1+s/es always, usually, every day, often Present Continuous is/am/are + V-ing now, at the moment, currently, today Present Perfect has/have + V3 just, already, yet, ever, never, since, for Present Perfect Continuous has/have + been + V-ing since, for + duration (ongoing) Simple Past V2 yesterday, last week, ago, in 1990 Past Continuous was/were + V-ing while, when, at that time, all morning Past Perfect had + V3 before, after, by the time, already, when Past Perfect Continuous had + been + V-ing for, since + past point, before a past event Simple Future will + V1 tomorrow, next week, soon, probably Future Continuous will + be + V-ing at this time tomorrow, next morning Future Perfect will + have + V3 by, by the time, before + future point Future Perfect Continuous will + have + been + V-ing by + future time, for + duration EXERCISE QUESTIONS Section A — Fill in the blanks using Simple Future or Going To. Look at those clouds — it ______ (rain). I ______ (help) you carry those bags — they look heavy. She ______ (study) engineering next year — she has already applied. Don't worry about the bill — I ______ (pay) it. He is driving carelessly — he ______ (cause) an accident. We ______ (visit) our grandparents during the holidays. I think the blue team ______ (win) the tournament. She ______ (not/attend) the function — she already has plans. Section B — Fill in the blanks using Future Continuous Tense. At this time next week, we ______ (travel) through Rajasthan. She ______ (present) her project all afternoon tomorrow. ______ you ______ (use) the car this evening? He ______ (wait) for you at the station when you arrive. This time tomorrow, the children ______ (write) their examination. Section C — Fill in the blanks using Future Perfect Tense. By the time you wake up, I ______ (leave) for the airport. By next March, she ______ (complete) her graduation. He ______ (finish) the report before the meeting begins. By 2030, scientists ______ (discover) new treatments for many diseases. By the time the guests arrive, we ______ (prepare) everything. Section D — Fill in the blanks using Future Perfect Continuous Tense. By December, she ______ (work) at this organisation for a decade. When he retires, he ______ (teach) for thirty-five years. By tonight, I ______ (drive) for over twelve hours. By next year, they ______ (live) in this house for twenty years. When the project ends, we ______ (work) on it for six months. Section E — Mixed Tenses — Fill in the blanks. (Choose the most appropriate tense) By the time she ______ (arrive), we ______ (wait) for two hours. She ______ (teach) at this school since 2010. While he ______ (read) the newspaper, the phone ______ (ring). I ______ (call) you as soon as I ______ (reach) home. The sun ______ (rise) in the east — this is a fact. He ______ (already/finish) his work when she ______ (call). At this time tomorrow, they ______ (play) the final match. Look — that child ______ (fall) off the bicycle! By next month, she ______ (complete) the course. I ______ (never/visit) London before I ______ (go) there last year. Section F — Comprehensive Error Correction She will finishes her work by evening. By the time I arrive, he will left. They are study for the examination right now. I have saw this film three times before. She will be study at this time tomorrow. When I reached, the match already started. He is knowing the answer but didn't say. By next year, she will working here for five years. I will to help you with your project. She had went to the market before I arrived. Section G — Rewrite as directed. She finishes her homework. (Change to Present Perfect) They are playing cricket. (Change to Past Continuous) I visited Agra last year. (Change to Present Perfect) She will complete the project. (Change to Future Perfect — "by Friday") He works here. (Change to Present Perfect Continuous — "for ten years") Section H — Tense in Context Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph using the most appropriate tense of the verbs given in brackets. Riya ______ (be) a student of class nine. Every morning she ______ (wake) up at six and ______ (get) ready for school. Yesterday, however, she ______ (wake) up late because she ______ (study) till midnight. By the time she ______ (reach) school, the first period ______ (already/begin). Her teacher ______ (look) at her sternly as she ______ (enter). After school, she ______ (decide) that she ______ (never/repeat) the same mistake. "From tomorrow," she ______ (say), "I ______ (sleep) on time so that I ______ (not/be) late again." Section I — Creative Writing Task Write a short paragraph of 8–10 sentences about your plans for the upcoming summer holidays. Use at least five different tenses (Simple Present, Simple Future, Future Continuous, Future Perfect, and Going to). Underline each verb and write the tense above it. ANSWER KEY — SELECTED ANSWERS Period 1, Section A:  1-sets, 2-teaches, 3-does not eat, 4-freezes, 5-leaves, 6-Does/speak, 7-tell, 8-does not know, 9-starts, 10-take Period 1, Section F:  1-knows, 2-have lived/since, 3-has finished, 4-are playing, 5-has been waiting, 6-boils, 7-Has she gone, 8-always losing Period 2, Section A:  1-wrote, 2-did not attend, 3-Did/speak, 4-ran/rang, 5-won, 6-did not know, 7-took, 8-went, 9-gave, 10-saw Period 2, Section F:  1-had already left, 2-was cooking, 3-had gone, 4-knew, 5-was sleeping/slept, 6-had been waiting, 7-did not know, 8-saw Period 3, Section A:  1-is going to rain, 2-will help, 3-is going to study, 4-will pay, 5-is going to cause, 6-are going to visit, 7-will win, 8-will not attend Period 3, Section F:  1-will finish, 2-will have left, 3-are studying, 4-have seen, 5-will be studying, 6-had already started, 7-knows, 8-will have been working, 9-will help, 10-had gone

Item List

Important Questions for X Board Exam Important Questions for Board Exams, March ,2023. Carefully curated for all students of CBSE curriculum. M

CBSE Class 10 & 12 English board preparation with the best resources. Download updated PYQs, NCERT solutions, grammar worksheets, competency-based questions (CBQs), and writing practice sets. Updated for 2026 board exams. Limited Time Offer: Get 10% OFF your first purchase.* (GET10) 2025 English Board Exam was Tricky and challenging. Get the best resources to succeed. ✅ Solved NCERT Literature – Answered line-by-line with exam-style clarity. ✅ Past Year PYQs – Updated with 2025 pattern changes. ✅ Competency-Based Questions – CBQs that match the board format. ✅ Grammar Worksheets – Editing, omission, gap-filling + answers. ✅ Paragraph & Discursive Writing Sets – Format + examples you can use. ✅ All content curated by educators with 20+ years of CBSE . Best Value CBE Questions with Answers ( Class XII) ₹399 ₹ 399 Support Us for Exclusive Content Valid for 36 months Select Includes "English CBE Questions: CBSE Class 12 Best Value Class X Solution to English CB Questions ₹399 ₹ 399 This plan gives access to answers of all Competency Based Questions of Class X Valid for 24 months Select Important Short & Long Questions from Important Lessons Extract Based CB Questions Class 10 Class 12 Printable PDFs for your success in 2026 Board Exam Quick View New Arrival PDF Grammar Worksheets with Solution Price ₹150.00 1+1 Discount of 10% on all purchases above 139 INR Quick View New Arrival Sample Papers| English |Class X Regular Price ₹199.00 Sale Price ₹151.00 1+1 Discount of 10% on all purchases above 139 INR Quick View New Arrival Flamingo & Vistas (Full Syllabus) Regular Price ₹450.00 Sale Price ₹399.00 1+1 Discount of 10% on all purchases above 139 INR Quick View Flamingo Prose Board PYQs | English | Class XII Regular Price ₹251.00 Sale Price ₹211.00 1+1 Discount of 10% on all purchases above 139 INR Quick View Chapter-wise Vistas Previous-Year Board Exam Questions: Class XII Regular Price ₹199.00 Sale Price ₹151.00 1+1 Discount of 10% on all purchases above 139 INR Quick View New Poetry PYQs | English Core | Class 12 Regular Price ₹251.00 Sale Price ₹211.00 1+1 Discount of 10% on all purchases above 139 INR Quick View Our ReadingWorksheet PDFs Regular Price ₹299.00 Sale Price ₹259.00 1+1 Discount of 10% on all purchases above 139 INR Quick View New CBQs Solution | Class XII | English Price ₹399.00 1+1 Discount of 10% on all purchases above 139 INR Quick View Analytical Paragraph Writing | Class X Regular Price ₹99.00 Sale Price ₹59.00 1+1 Discount of 10% on all purchases above 139 INR Quick View English PYQs | Prose | Class X CBSE Regular Price ₹199.00 Sale Price ₹171.00 1+1 Discount of 10% on all purchases above 139 INR Quick View New Grammar Worksheets | Class X | CBQs Price ₹51.00 1+1 Discount of 10% on all purchases above 139 INR Quick View New Reading Worksheets, Class XII Price ₹49.00 1+1 Discount of 10% on all purchases above 139 INR

Dive into this Practice Test featuring **Extract-Based Competency Questions** from Class 12 Literature. Sharpen your critical thinking, inference skills, and interpretation of themes and characters—all in one go!