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Practise the following Reading Comprehension Questions & Literature 6 Marks for Board Exam in Feb 2025. Index Reading Comprehension Literature 6 Marks Literature Extract Questions Q1. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Each question contains 1 marks except for Q9 which contains 2 Marks. A thorough study conducted across several villages of north-west India unveiled fascinating insights into the mural* landscape. It revealed that a significant majority, comprising around 80%, of these vibrant artworks are meticulously crafted by the villagers themselves. Approximately 15% of the murals stem from collaborative endeavours between villagers and local or visiting artists. Surprisingly, a small fraction, about 5%, of the murals are the result of sponsored initiatives, often commissioned by governmental or non-governmental organisations. These murals convey social messages ranging from education and environmental conservation to public health awareness Among the locally crafted murals, nearly 55% depict scenes from mythology and folklore, celebrating the rich cultural heritage of the region. About 26 % of these murals showcase daily life in the villages, capturing moments of joy, struggle, and victory. The remaining 19% feature abstract or contemporary themes, reflecting evolving artistic expressions in rural settings. Further analysis reveals that among the locally crafted murals, nearly 63% are found on the walls of community centres, temples, and other public spaces. Around 27 % adorn the exterior walls of residential houses. The remaining 10% are scattered across schools, health centres, and other institutional buildings, serving as educational tools and sources of inspiration for the younger generation. Further analysis reveals that among the locally crafted murals, nearly 63% are found on the walls of community centres, temples, and other public spaces. Around 27 % adorn the exterior walls of residential houses. The remaining 10% are scattered across schools, health centres, and other institutional buildings, serving as educational tools and sources of inspiration for the younger generation. A large painting or artwork that is typically created directly on a wall or ceiling Created for academic usage/252 words. ( CBSE Sample Paper | 2024-25) Answer the following questions, based on the passage above I I. What does the use of the phrase 'fascinating insights' by the writer, in paragraph 1, tell us about their feelings? A. The writer is expressing surprise. B. The writer is conveying boredom and frustration. C. The writer is indicating interest and enthusiasm. D. The writer is showing disappointment. II Select the option that is true for the assertion and reason given below. Assertion: The murals in northwest Indian villages are meticulously crafted. Reason: The murals are the result of collaborative endeavours. A. Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. B. Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. C. The assertion is true, but the reason is false. D. The assertion is false, but the reason is true. III. Identify the word that indicates that the writer anticipated a higher percentage of sponsored initiative murals? IV. How do the murals in northwest Indian villages contribute to community engagement and awareness? V Read the given prompt and select the correct option in the brackets to fill in the blank. In Hari's village, a mural depicting sustainable farming practices is showcased on the Panchayat office wall. The percentage of mural type that this would be counted in is. (26% / 19% / 55%) VI. What does the highest percentage of different mural themes suggest about the artistic preferences and cultural priorities in northwest Indian villages? VII. Complete the sentence suitably. The significant presence of murals on the exterior walls of residential houses highlight___ VIII.Complete the following with a suitable reason. The most likely reason the writer believes that a mural can serve as an ‘educational tool’ is because it can . IX.In the context of the last paragraph, describe the significance of comparing various parameters such as demographic patterns, subject matter, techniques, community engagement, and impact in understanding the mural landscape in northwest Indian villages. Answer Key I C. The writer is indicating interest and enthusiasm. II C. The assertion is true, but the reason is false. III Surprisingly IV The murals serve as visual platforms for conveying important social messages, such as education, environmental conservation, and public health awareness / The murals not only beautify the village but also serve as educational tools and sources of inspiration, nurturing community engagement and promoting awareness of pressing issues. V 19% (category that features abstract or contemporary themes) VI.Indicates - A deep-rooted connection to cultural heritage, as a significant portion (55%) of murals depict scenes from mythology and folklore / a desire to celebrate and preserve traditional narratives and values VII. ...the integration of art into everyday life / artistic skills of village folk / inclination to decorate exterior walls with local art/ pursue a form of artistic expression (accept any other logically relevant) VIII. ...convey information through vivid imagery and symbols, making complex topics easier to understand and remember. IX. A holistic understanding of mural creation Researchers can – identify trends assess the significance of different themes understand the involvement of the community in mural projects evaluate the overall impact of murals on cultural preservation and community development Literature 6 Marks Questions. You need to answer Any One question from First Flight and Footprints. Q1. Both poems ‘Dust of Snow’ and ‘Fire and Ice’ use contrasting elements of nature to convey their respective messages about life and human emotions but they do it differently. Examine these differences. Ans: Robert Frost’s poems Dust of Snow  and Fire and Ice  use nature’s contrasting elements to express profound themes. Dust of Snow  depicts a simple moment where a crow shakes snow from a hemlock tree onto the poet, symbolizing an unexpected positive change. In contrast, Fire and Ice  discusses the potential end of the world, symbolizing human emotions like desire ( fire ) and hatred ( ice ). The tone in Dust of Snow  is optimistic. The falling snow changes the poet’s mood, emphasizing how small events can bring joy: “A change of mood / And saved some part / Of a day I had rued.”   Fire and Ice , however, has a grim, contemplative tone, warning that both unchecked passion and hatred can destroy the world: “I hold with those who favor fire.” While both poems contrast nature’s elements, Dust of Snow  highlights renewal, whereas Fire and Ice  warns of destruction. Q2. Both the texts, ‘For Anne Gregory' and ‘The Sermon at Benares,’ grapple with the idea that external attributes are fleeting and subject to decay. Examine the similarities. Ans: Both For Anne Gregory  by W.B. Yeats and The Sermon at Benares  emphasize that external beauty and physical attributes are temporary. In For Anne Gregory , the speaker tells Anne that men love her for her outward appearance, particularly her “yellow hair” , rather than her true self. However, only God can love her for who she truly is, beyond her looks. Similarly, The Sermon at Benares  by Buddha teaches that life is transient, and physical form is bound to decay. Through the story of Kisa Gotami, who loses her child and learns the inevitability of death, Buddha conveys that attachment to worldly things, including beauty, is futile: “Not from weeping nor from grieving will anyone obtain peace of mind.” Both texts highlight that external beauty and life itself are impermanent. While For Anne Gregory  critiques superficial love, The Sermon at Benares  teaches detachment from material existence. Q3. Griffin's character is shaped by a combination of personal ambition, the unintended consequences of his scientific pursuits, and the reactions of the society he faces. Ans: Griffin, the protagonist of Footprints Without Feet , is a brilliant but reckless scientist whose ambition leads to unintended consequences. His discovery of invisibility stems from a desire for power and recognition rather than for the betterment of society. However, his obsession blinds him to the ethical responsibilities of his invention. Instead of using his knowledge wisely, he misuses it to steal, threaten, and harm others. For instance, after setting fire to his landlord’s house in London, he escapes using his invisibility rather than facing the consequences. His transformation into an invisible man initially seems like a scientific triumph, but it soon turns into a curse. He struggles with basic necessities—food, clothing, and shelter—forcing him into a life of crime. His theft at the store in Drury Lane and his violent attack on the shopkeeper highlight how desperation and unchecked ambition lead to his downfall. Society, instead of admiring his genius, sees him as a menace. The villagers of Iping, terrified by his unseen presence, react with hostility. Ultimately, his unchecked arrogance and inability to foresee the consequences of his actions lead to his tragic fate. Q4. Evaluate how James Herriot’s characterisation contributes significantly to the overarching theme of responsible pet ownership and animal welfare. James Herriot’s characterization in A Triumph of Surgery plays a crucial role in conveying the theme of responsible pet ownership and animal welfare. As a compassionate and knowledgeable veterinarian, Herriot immediately recognizes that Tricki’s illness is a result of Mrs. Pumphrey’s overindulgence. Instead of simply treating the symptoms, he takes decisive action by admitting Tricki to his clinic, ensuring a strict diet and proper exercise. His firm yet caring approach highlights the importance of maintaining a pet’s health through discipline rather than excessive pampering. Herriot’s patience and expertise reflect his deep commitment to animal welfare. He does not scold Mrs. Pumphrey but educates her indirectly by demonstrating how a proper routine restores Tricki’s health. His actions reinforce the idea that true love for pets involves understanding their needs rather than spoiling them. Through his characterization, the story emphasizes that responsible pet ownership requires balanced care, discipline, and attention to an animal’s well-being. Short-Answer Type Questions | 3 Marks | 40 words Answer any four of the following five questions, in about 40-50 words. 4x3=12 Q1. How does the ignorance about Mijbil as a creature in the urban environment of London reveal insights about people's perceptions and knowledge regarding animals? (Mijbil the Otter) Ans: The unfamiliarity of people in London with Mijbil as an otter highlights a general lack of awareness about unusual animals, as many may not recognize otters outside their natural habitat or as pets. This reflects a gap in understanding diverse species and a disconnect from nature in urban settings, where common wildlife like pigeons and squirrels are more easily identified. However, Mijbil’s presence also creates an opportunity for fostering awareness about wildlife conservation and responsible pet ownership. By learning about his species and natural behaviors, people can develop a deeper appreciation for biodiversity and the need to respect animals' natural habitats. Q2How does the imagery of the trees' movement from the house to the forest, in ‘Trees’, reflect broader themes of liberation and growth in human experiences? The imagery of trees breaking free from the house in Trees  symbolizes the deep desire for freedom and autonomy, reflecting the human urge to break away from constraints. As they move towards the forest, a symbol of untamed nature, they embody the journey of self-discovery and the expansion of possibilities. This movement mirrors the human quest for liberation from societal norms and personal limitations, highlighting how growth is inherent in embracing change and stepping into new, unexplored territories. Q3. What does the postmaster's reaction to Lencho's letter reveal about his character? (A Letter to God) The postmaster is deeply moved by Lencho’s unwavering faith, responding with compassion rather than ridicule. His decision to collect and contribute money himself highlights his generosity and dedication to helping others, demonstrating a profound sense of empathy and kindness. Q4. Assess the narrative's effectiveness in portraying the tension between the comfort of familiarity and the allure of the unfamiliar in 'Madam Rides the Bus'. Ans: Valli’s yearning to ride the bus reflects her desire to escape the monotony of her everyday life and explore new experiences. Her familiar street offers safety and routine, while the bus symbolizes adventure. The narrative effectively captures her inner conflict between comfort and the excitement of the unknown. The narrative effectively conveys the conflicting emotions associated with leaving behind the known for the excitement of the unknown. Q5. Summarise the role of the use of parentheses in the poem ‘Amanda'. The use of parentheses in Amanda  distinguishes the external reprimands she receives from her internal imaginative escapes. This contrast highlights her struggle between conforming to societal expectations and seeking freedom in her fantasies, helping readers understand her silent resistance and longing for independence. Footprints Without Feet Answer any two of the following three questions, in about 40-50 words. Q1. How does Matilda's desire for material wealth drive the plot of ‘The Necklace’? Matilda’s desire for material wealth drives the plot of The Necklace  by leading her to borrow a necklace from Madame Forestier to appear affluent at a party. Losing it forces her and her husband into years of hardship to replace it, ultimately resulting in their financial ruin. Her desire for material wealth sets off a chain of events that shape the plot. Q2. Justify the opinion that Ebright's early successes were essential for his later achievements in science. (The Making of a Scientist) Ebright’s early successes were crucial in shaping his later achievements in science. Winning science competitions provided motivation, validated his talent, and opened opportunities for growth. These experiences instilled confidence, fueled his passion, and nurtured a competitive spirit that propelled him toward greater scientific accomplishments. Q3. How does 'The Book that Saved the Earth' include elements of satirical science fiction? The Book That Saved the Earth  employs satirical science fiction through its exaggerated portrayal of Martians, who arrogantly perceive themselves as superior yet hilariously misunderstand Earth’s culture. The play humorously critiques human behavior, intelligence, and communication, using absurd scenarios to highlight cultural misunderstandings. Its futuristic setting and space exploration elements further enhance the science fiction aspect of the satire. Board Previous-Year Questions (PYQs): Poems| Class X | English | Important for 2025 Exams Previous-Year Board Questions: English| Class X | | Important for 2025 Exams Good Luck for Feb 15, 2025 Exam. Follow our WhatsApp Channel for regular updates of content uploads. https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaESlCGB4hdZ43Lbsl3e

Lessons Covered: A Letter to God Nelson Mandela Two Stories About Flying The Sermons At Benares The Proposal Madam Rides the Bus Mijbil-the Otter Glimpses of India From the Diary of Anne Frank How To Tell Wild Animals For Chapter-wise Previous-year Board Exam Questions, Visit HERE For Sureshot Board Exam Questions for Feb 2025 Board Exams, Follow our WhatsApp Channel For Answer Key of the following Questions, Click Here A Letter to God People get support from family and friends during bad times. How does Lencho’s family behave after the harvest is ruined? ‘Lencho was an ox of a man, working like an animal in the fields, but still he knew how to write.’ What does this line tell us about the norm amongst such farmers, then? What, according to you would have been the likely reaction of Lencho’s wife upon knowing about him writing an actual letter to God? Lencho waited eagerly for a reply to his letter to God. Do you think the postmaster was also very keen to know Lencho’s reaction upon receiving the ‘reply’? ‘The field was white, as if covered with salt.’ This is how the field is described after the hailstorm. The pelting hailstones could have been easily seen as sugar cubes. Do you think comparing it with sugar would have been more appropriate? Why/ Why not? Lencho and his family knew the implications the hailstorm would have on their lives. Write a conversation between Lencho and his wife as they watched the downpour turn to a hailstorm. Lencho did not bother exploring any other means to resolve his situation but just turned to God. Do you feel that his approach was justified? Why/Why not? The postmaster was a representative of God. Evaluate this statement in the context of your understanding of ‘A Letter to God”. The people at the post-office contribute to put together whatever they can manage, for Lencho. (a) What do you think was the main reason behind their help? Would you have done the same if you were one of the employees? (b) As an employee, write about your perspective and reason(s) for contributing to the fund. The fact that you don’t want to say ‘no’ to a cause initiated by your boss, can also be an equally compelling reason! Explain what is surprising about Lencho’s reaction to receiving the money. Why do you think Lencho uses the metaphor ‘new coins’ to describe the raindrops? How does the concept of Lencho's 'new coins' turn into a nightmare in the story? Explain with reference to the story. Long Answer-Type Questions ( 6 Marks) Irony and ungratefulness is demonstrated in Lencho's condemnation of the post office employees as a ‘bunch of crooks’. Do you agree? Justify your answer with reference to the story. Lencho's trust in God cannot be justified as he has no faith in humanity. Do you agree? Justify your answer with reference to his treatment of post office employees. There are two kinds of conflict in the story: between humans and nature, and between humans themselves. How are these conflicts illustrated? Recommended Reading: A Letter to God Nelson Mandela What did Nelson Mandela thank the International Leaders for? What is the 'extraordinary human disaster' Nelson Mandela refers to in his speech? What does Mandela pledge to achieve for the people of South Africa? How did the policy of apartheid create 'a deep & lasting wound' in South Africa? What, according to Mandela, was the unintended effect of the decades of oppression and brutality? Would you agree that the “depths of oppression” create “heights of character”? How does Mandela illustrate this? What did Mandela learn from the comrades of freedom struggle in South Africa? How does Mandela justify that love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite? Illustrate with the help of an example. What, according to Nelson Mandela, are twin obligations? Why do you think one should fulfil those obligations in a civilized society? Were the people of colour in South Africa able to fulfil those obligations? Give reasons to support your answer. What were the different types of freedom Nelson Mandela speaks about? Explain with instancs of each type. How did the perception of freedom change as Mandela grew up? Justify with instances from the text. Why, according to Mandela, should the oppressor be liberated just as surely as the oppressed? How did Mandela’s ‘hunger for freedom’ change his life? 'Man’s goodness is a flame that can be hidden but never extinguished.' Illustrate this statement with the help of an example. Project Question You have read the story about Nelson Mandela in your textbook, First Flight, and the struggle of the people of South Africa. Mandela draws our attention to the meaning and importance of freedom and leading a life with freedom. He states that freedom comes with responsibilities. Explain in your own words how freedom and responsibilities go hand in hand. Recommended Reading: Nelson Mandela Two Stories About Flying Short Questions Q1. “The young seagull was alone on his ledge.” How far do you think this condition was by his choice? Q2. Why do you think the young seagull was unable to muster courage to fly off the ledge? Q3. “The young seagull was alone on his ledge.” How far do you think this condition was by his choice? Q4. Describe the young seagull’s emotions when he flew over the sea. Q5. How did the young seagull's brothers, sister & mother motivate him to learn the art of flight? Q6. To what extent can the young seagull’s motivation to fly be attributed to being hungry? Support your stance with evidence from the text. Q7. Describe how the narrator recounts his horrifying experience while he was flying to England. Q8. Who do you think helped the narrator to reach safely to London? What elements of mystery do you find in the story? Recommended Reading: (i) His First Flight here (ii) The Black Aeroplane here The Sermons at Benares Short Questions Q1. 'The Buddha did not see much suffering during his early years.' Justify this statment with an instance from the text. Q2. Do you think Kisa Gotami was optimistic after talking to Buddha? Give a reason to justify your answer. Q3. What lesson did Kisa Gotami learn by watching the lights on the streets? What did she think about herself afterwards? Q4. What does the symbolism of ‘ripe fruits’ and ‘earthen vessels' illustrate in Buddha's preching? Q5. What, according to Buddha can one obtain 'peace of mind'? Illustrate with an example. Q6. What is the significant of the metaphor of the ‘arrow of lamentation.’ Q7. Grief is often seen as a measure of love. Do you think the Buddha’s sermon undermines a mother’s love? Justify your response. Q8. What message might the Buddha’s story hold for those who are in positions of power and privilege? Recommended Reading: The Sermon at Benares The Proposal Short Questions Q1.What kind of an impact do the arguments between Lomava & Natalya have on their relationships? Q2. Describe the petty arguments between the characters. Q3. What, according to you, is the turning point when Natalya accepts Lomov’s claims of owning the Oxen meadows? Q4. When does Natalya accuse Lomov of being a landgrabber? Q5. During the heated arguments between Lomov & Natalya the cordial relation between the neighbours was dampened and the proposal was forgotten. Justify this statement with instances from the text. Q6. Why do you think Chubukov welcomed Lomov very cordially when Lomov visted his house? Q7. 'At the end of the story good economic sense prevailed that led to the mariage between Natalya & Lomov.' Explain with reference to the story. Q8. Why do you think Natalya Stepanova asked her father to call Lomov back when she heard that he had come with a proposal? Q9. When Natalya comes to meet Lomov, she quotes her father’s words – “and papa said, “Go; there’s a merchant come for his goods.” What do you think Chubukov meant? Long Questions ( 6 Marks) | CBE Based Q1. Arguments over insignificant things have led to disastrous results, especially between close family members and friends. Do you agree? Justify your answer with reference to the story. Q2.The marriage proposal is a mockery of romance and marriage in the upper class. Justify your answer with reference to the story. Q3. The pride in property, even the superiority of dogs, take priority over love and marriage. The characters lack patience, stop listening to each other, and then contradict each other. Do you think these quarrels will promise a happy life? What qualities would you consider for a well-matched couple? Justify your answer with reference to Lomov, Natalya & Chubukov. Q4. Do you think all of us should know how to manage our anger? What happens when emotions are governed by materialsitic ambition? Answer with reference to the story. Recommended Reading: The Proposal Madam Rides the Bus Short Questions Q1. The dialogue between Valli and the bus conductor appears to be educative for every child. What should a child learn from Valli's interactions with the bus conductor. Q2. What kind of haughtiness like ‘I’m not a child, I tell you.' is displayed by Valli in her dialogues with the bus conductor. Mention two instances to justify your answer. Q3. Do you think Valli was empathetic in nature? Explain with reference to the dead cow. Q4. This wish became ‘stronger and stronger until it was an overwhelming desire.’ Write instances from the story to justify that Valli was a keen observer and had an eye of minute observation. Q5. Valli didn’t like the way adults treated her during her bus journey. Describe how you would feel and react if you were to find yourself in a similar situation. Long Questions/6 Marks Q1. Do you think Valli was right in travelling alone on a bus to a nearby town? What preautions should a child as adventurous as Valli take if at all they need to travel alone to a neaby place? Q2. 'To Save a penny is to earn it'. Justify this statement with refernce to Valli's sacrifice of a lot of recreations & pleasure. Q3. Valli was sensitive, but at the same time she was fearless and quite determined. Think of another character from your textbook, First Flight, who displayed similar character traits. Compare and contrast the lives of Valli and the other character. Recommended Reading: Madam Rides the Bus Mijbil the Otter Short Questions Q1. No animal likes to be confined. They remain healthy, strong and active only in their natural habitat. Explain the statement with reference to the Otter as described in the story. Q2. Why do you think Mijbil was neither hostile nor friendly for the first twenty-four hours after he was brought home? Q3. How can you say that Mijbil loved to be in water which was its natural habitat? Explain with reference to the story. Q4. Mijbil caused a sensation in London. Expound with reference to the chapter “Mijbil the Otter”. Q5. What was the greatest obstacle faced by the narrator in transporting Mijbil to Camusfearna? Q6. Mijbil is an active animal who shows many emotions. Explain with instances from the text. Long Answer-type Questions/6 Marks Q1. From your reading of the story 'Mijbil-the Otter' describe how the writer portrays the otter and its relationship with humans. Q2. Without the assistance of the airhostess, the narrator could not have transported Mijbil from Basra to London safely. Comment. Q3. Peculiar behaviours are a characteristic of Otters. Discuss with respect to “Mijbil the Otter”. Q4. Discuss the commitment the author has shown for keeping his pet- Mijbil in his house. English Project Q. What all do you have to do to keep the animal with you at home? (You can refer to the dos and don’ts given on page no. 102 of the textbook First Flight.) Make a project report keeping in mind the efforts the author made to keep Mijbil as his pet. Glimpses of India Short Questions Q1. Describe key features of the place about Coorg. Q2. Why does the author in ‘Coorg’ say that the visitors’ search for the heart and soul of India would be found in Coorg? Q3. How did the baker become synonymous with celebrations and occasions in Goa? Q4. Do adventure sports like river rafting and rock climbing require a person to possess just physical strength? Why/Why not? Q5. Coorgis belong to a valorous and hospitable race. Comment on this statement with reference to the text. Q6. The narrator shares, “Baking was indeed a profitable profession in the old days.” What do you feel has changed now? Why? Q7. Is bread an important part of Goan life? How do you know this? Long Answer-Type Questions ( 6 Marks) Q1. The culture, lifestyle and traditions of a place are influenced by the people who lived or settled there at some point of time. Cultural assimilation adds flavour to the existing structure of a society. Summarise your opinion on the given idea. Q2. Rajvir did his study before his visit to the tea plantation. Is it good to do one’s research before the start of a new venture or does it take away from the thrill of discovery? Elucidate your stance. Q3. In the chapter, ‘A Baker from Goa’ the narrator talks about his childhood in Goa and his fond memories. Explain with reference to the story. Q4. 'Glimpses of India' portrays three different regions of India, giving an idea of how varied and charming and beautiful our country is. Explain in brief summarising distinct cultures, lifestyles & traditions as described in the story. Recommend Reading: (i) A Baker from Goa (ii) Coorg (iii) Tea from Assam From the Diary of Anne Frank Short Questions Q1.Why do you think Mr Keesing chose the title - ‘An Incorrigible Chatterbox’ - for Anne, to write on? Q2. Why does Anne think that Paper has more patience than people? Q3. If the diary were a ‘real friend’, what qualities would Anne expect it to have? Q4. Why do you think that Anne doesn’t plan to let anyone else read her diary? Q5. Anne wrote in her diary to get things off her chest. List any two reasons why getting things off one’s chest is recommended by counsellors as therapeutic. Q6. Do you agree with Anne when she says that teachers are the most unpredictable creatures on earth? Explain with a reason. Q7. Do you think that Mr Keesing was innovative with his punishments? Justify your answer. Long Answer-Type Questions ( 6 Marks) Q1. Explain what Anne's diary shows us about her feelings about her family and friends. Q2. How does Anne Frank personify her diary with a name 'Kitty'? Justify your answer with reference to her emotional attachment to pour her thoughts in her diary. Q3. Anne said that the only thing missing was the presence of a true friend. Imagine that Anne had access to the internet and had chosen to blog instead of writing a diary. As Anne, write a blog post on the value of a true friend. Q4. Anne was very much attached to her grandmother. What should be our attitude towards our elders? What do you learn from Anne? Recommended Reading: From the Diary of Anne Frank How To Tell Wild Animals? Why do you think the poet chose to use playful and humorous language in the poem? How does the use of poetic devices such as rhyme and rhythm contribute to the overall effect of the poem? What is the poet's message about wild animals and our interactions with them? How does the poem challenge common stereotypes or perceptions about wild animals? What is the significance of the poet's decision to include both physical and behavioral characteristics of wild animals in the poem? How does the use of humor in the poem contribute to its overall impact and effectiveness? Discuss the role of cultural and literary references in the poem. How do they enhance the reader's experience? How does the poem challenge traditional notions of categorizing animals and their characteristics? Explore the role of language and wordplay in the poem. How does it contribute to the poem's tone and effectiveness? Explore the theme of human-animal interactions in the poem. How does the poet portray the relationship between humans and wild animals? Discuss the cultural and ecological significance of the wild animals mentioned in the poem. How do they symbolize certain qualities or represent their respective habitats? For Chapter-wise Previous-year Board Exam Questions, Visit HERE Want to enhance your Spoken English & stand noticed among the crowd? 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Your Passport to an Enviable score in Literature Lessons Covered: A Letter to God Nelson Mandela Tiger in the Zoo The Ball Poem Amanda Two Stories About Flying How to Tell Wild Animals F rom the Diary of Anne Frank Glimpses of India Mijbil-the Otter The Tale of Custard the Dragon Madam Rides the Bus The Sermons At Benares The Proposal Bholi The Necklace Letter to God Q1. People get support from family and friends during bad times. How does Lencho’s family behave after the harvest is ruined? Ans: Ans: Lencho's family displays resilience and support for one another after their harvest is ruined. Despite the devastating loss, they remain united and hopeful in the face of adversity. Here's how Lencho's family behaves in the story: 1. Unity and Emotional Support: Lencho's family comes together as a unit, offering emotional support to one another. They share the burden of the destroyed harvest and face the challenges as a team. Their solidarity is evident in their shared hope and determination to seek help from God. 2. Maintaining Faith and Hope: Similar to Lencho, his family maintains faith and hope throughout the ordeal. They watch the sky and pray for rain, just like Lencho does. They hold onto the belief that God will provide them with a way out of their difficult situation, demonstrating their strong faith and optimism. 3. Trust in Lencho's Judgment : Lencho's family trusts his judgment and decision to write a letter to God. They have confidence in his unwavering faith and see his actions as a legitimate way to seek assistance. Their trust in Lencho's beliefs further strengthens the familial bond and collective hope.

Lesson Architecture Author Biography Theme Stanza-wise Explanation with paraphrase Recapitulation Literary Devices NCERT Solution CBE-Based Questions CBSE Board Previous year Questions Extra Questions CBSE Issued Sample Paper 2022-23 Chapter-wise Board Exam Questions: English Core | Class XII | PYQs ( englishwithadifference.com ) Recommended Reading : A Thing of Beauty Aunt Jennifer's Tiger Keeping Quiet The Interview Poets and Pancakes Memories of Childhood Recommended Listening Activity Listening Skill Worksheet | Class XI-XII | Board Exam 2024| English Core (englishwithadifference.com) Buy Our Important PDFs for Board Exams 2025 https://www.englishwithadifference.com/product-page/board-pyqs-flamingo-vistas-full-syllabus https://www.englishwithadifference.com/product-page/flamingo-prose-board-pyqs-english-class-xii https://www.englishwithadifference.com/product-page/chapter-wise-vistas-previous-year-board-exam-questions-class-xii https://www.englishwithadifference.com/product-page/poetry-pyqs-english-core-class-12 Author Biography / Robert Frost (1874-1963) A highly acclaimed American poet of the twentieth century. Robert Frost wrote about characters, people and landscapes. His poems are concerned with human tragedies and fears, his reaction to the complexities of life and his ultimate acceptance of his burdens. Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening, Birches, Mending walls are a few of his well-known poems. In the poem A Roadside Stand , Frost presents the lives of poor & deprived rural people with the deepest sympathy and humanity. Theme: The poem conveys to us the distrust of city-dwellers by the poet. They are extremely selfish and have no community feeling. City-dwellers lack compassion and concern towards their village counterparts. Frost wants all human beings to cultivate the value of fellow-feeling and empathy. Disparity between the rich & the poet must be addressed. The economic well being of a country depends on balanced development of villages and the cities. Stanza-wise Explanation (Lines 1-6) The little old house was out with a little new shed In front at the edge of the road where the traffic sped , A roadside stand that too pathetically pled , || It would not be fair to say for a dole of bread, But for some of the money, the cash, whose flow supports The flower of cities from sinking and withering faint . Vocabulary: • Out with – extended • traffic sped – Vehicles move speedily . • pathetically pled : A roadside shop is pleading for some cash. ( Personification) • dole of bread: for a living. • flower of cities : extra cash flow that helps cities to flourish. • sinking and withering faint: Cash flow that supports city business and prevents it from any business failure. Note: Flower of Cities: In the last line the phrase ‘Flower of Cities’ is a metaphor. Just as flowers are kept from withering with extra care, similarly extra cash flow helps cities to flourish. So flower of cities means the growth of city business. Paraphrase: The little old house, the roadside stand, existed on the roadside to make a living out of the city money. The owners of the roadside stand expected to attract the rich city men by extending the shed closer to the road. The sole expectation of the roadside people is the flow of city-money into their hands. But their expectations are never fulfilled as the city-going people are not kind enough to stop for a while to buy their produce. Hence a pathetic existence for the roadside stand. || The roadside owners of the shed do not want just bread or the basic amenities of life but a source of alternate income to liberate them from their hand-to-mouth existence. (Lines 7-13) The polished traffic passed with a mind ahead , Or if ever aside a moment, then out of sorts || At having the landscape marred with the artless paint Of signs that with N turned wrong and S turned wrong || Offered for sale wild berries in wooden quarts, Or crook-necked golden squash with silver warts, Or beauty rest in a beautiful mountain scene , Vocabulary: polished traffic– The so-called refined city-going people. with a mind ahead : Their minds were restless with greed for money. Out of sorts: city people feel uneasy as they think presence of roadside shed mars the beauty of landscape. Signs with S turned wrong and N turned wrong: The owner of the stand being illiterate has erected the board with wrong spelling with S and N inverted. beauty rest in a beautiful mountain scene: Beauty resting in a mountain scene is probably a scenic painting made by the inhabitants of the roadside stand meant for selling to the rich people. Paraphrase: The city people who passed by the roadside stand were busy with their own thoughts for earning profit in their business and were not kind enough to stop their vehicles and buy the products of the roadside shops. The city-going people if ever they stop for a moment, they complain that the roadside stand, with its artless paint, ruined the beauty of nature. || Another complaint is that the letters like ‘N’ and ‘S’ of the sign posts are wrongly written. The owner of the roadside shop being illiterate, has erected the signpost with S and N inverted. || The articles for sale at the roadside stand are Wild berries in wooden containers, crook-necked golden squash with silver warts and paintings of mountain scenery which are for sale at the roadside stand. LINES 14-17 You have the money, but if you want to be mean, Why keep your money (this crossly) and go along . The hurt to the scenery wouldn’t be my complaint || So much as the trusting sorrow of what is unsaid. || Vocabulary: Crossly : angrily. trusting sorrow : sorrow due to fake promises made by the rich people. Paraphrase: The lines reflect the frustration of the rural people who set up a stand by the roadside in hopes of earning some money from the passing city folks. The speaker addresses those who have wealth but choose not to help, criticizing their indifference. The phrase "if you want to be mean" refers to the cold-heartedness of those who pass by without making a purchase, while the parenthetical "(this crossly)" emphasizes the speaker’s exasperation. The speaker claims that the "hurt to the scenery" caused by the stand isn’t the real issue; instead, it's the "trusting sorrow" of the rural people, who silently hope for financial help but remain disappointed and unheard. Their unspoken despair is more painful than any disruption to the landscape. Extra Shot Why keep your money (this crossly) and go along The line "Why keep your money (this crossly) and go along." expresses the speaker's frustration with the indifferent behaviour of passing city dwellers. It questions why these people, who have the means to help by spending money at the roadside stand, choose to hold onto their money instead of offering support. The phrase "(this crossly)" highlights the speaker's irritation, suggesting that the act of withholding money is not just thoughtless but deliberately mean-spirited. The line criticizes the selfishness of those who prefer to ignore the needs of the struggling rural people. Trusting Sorrow "Trusting sorrow" refers to the deep sadness of the rural people who, despite their struggles, trustingly hope for help from the wealthy city dwellers. Their sorrow stems from the disappointment of being ignored and unacknowledged by those they rely on. Lines (18-22) Here far from the city we make our roadside stand And ask for some city money to feel in hand || To try if it will not make our being expand , || And give us the life of the moving-pictures’ promise That the party in power is said to be keeping from us. || Vocabulary : if it will not make our being expand : extra inflow of cash would improve the financial status of the poor villagers. life of the moving-pictures : Standard lifestyles as shown in movies. party in power : Ruling political party. And give us the life of the moving-pictures’ promise  That the party in power is said to be keeping from us. These lines express the rural people's longing for the glamorous life depicted in movies, which they believe is being denied to them by the ruling authorities. They feel deprived of opportunities promised by those in power. Paraphrase: The village people ask for some city cash because they want to feel it in hand || and want to try if that generosity from city-people in buying their products would enable them to make financial progress. || The poor villagers have opened the roadside shops with expectations that their products would bring them some cash and bring about some improvement in their lifestyles as are shown on some movies. The poet further says that political parties have not yet provided the lifestyles that they promised to the people of villages while seeking votes. Village people are merely used as vote banks and therefore become victims of false promises. Annotation The rural people express their desire for a better life by setting up a roadside stand, hoping to earn some money from passing city dwellers. They seek "city money" to improve their lives, believing that it could bring them happiness and expand their existence. They are influenced by the glamorous lifestyle portrayed in "moving-pictures" (movies), which promises a life of comfort and excitement. However, they feel that the "party in power" is withholding this opportunity, suggesting that political systems and authorities are failing to uplift their economic conditions, leaving them deprived and disillusione d. Lines (23-26) It is in the news that all these pitiful kin Are to be bought out and mercifully gathered in To live in villages, next to the theatre and the store, Where they won’t have to think for themselves anymore, Vocabulary: Pitiful Kin : Here the village people. to be bought out and mercifully gathered: Poor people were given assurance to live in village next to theatre and multiplexes etc. It is in the news that all these pitiful kin Are to be bought out and mercifully gathered in These lines suggest that the rural poor ("pitiful kin") are being discussed in the news, with plans to "buy them out" and "mercifully gather them in" by the authorities or wealthy people. The phrase "bought out" implies that their land or property will be purchased, likely forcing them to relocate, while "mercifully gathered in" suggests that this is presented as a benevolent act. However, the use of "pitiful" and "mercifully" hints at a condescending attitude, as if these rural people are helpless and need to be saved, reflecting a disconnect between those in power and the actual needs of the rural poor. Annotation In these lines from "A Roadside Stand"*, the speaker refers to news suggesting that the rural poor ("pitiful kin") will be "bought out" by those in power and relocated to government-controlled villages. These new villages, near theatres and stores, seem designed to provide convenience and superficial entertainment. However, the underlying implication is that, in such places, the rural people will lose their independence and no longer have to "think for themselves." The line criticizes the authorities' superficial solutions, which, while offering material comforts, strip the rural poor of their autonomy and dignity. Lines (27-31) While greedy good-doers , beneficent beasts of prey , Swarm over their lives enforcing benefits That are calculated to soothe them out of their wits , || And by teaching them how to sleep they sleep all day, Destroy their sleeping at night the ancient way . Vocabulary : good-doers: Apparent benefactors . beasts of prey: Here authorities who claim to give them benefits. out of their wits : to be confused or unable to think clearly, often due to being overwhelmed or distressed. ancient way . In the old way. Paraphrase: Greedy good-doers and beasts of prey are the civic authorities who exploit the innocent village folk by giving them a short term sense of security. They swarm over their lives These unprincipled people shall proclaim to provide these farmer various facilities. || But in reality they will destroy their sleep and make their lives a living hell by snatching those material things from the rural people. That are calculated to soothe them out of their wits The phrase "that are calculated to soothe them out of their wits" means that the help given to the rural people is meant to make them feel calm and relaxed. However, it also confuses them and makes them less aware of their situation. Instead of helping them think for themselves, it makes them lazy and dependent on others. out of their wits: In this context, it indicates that the rural people are being soothed to the point of losing their ability to think critically about their situation. Annotation In these lines, the speaker talks about people who want to help the rural poor but actually take advantage of them. These "greedy good-doers" offer help that makes the villagers dependent and lazy. By teaching them to be idle, they disrupt their natural way of life, causing them to lose energy and independence. Lines 32-37 Sometimes I feel myself I can hardly bear The thought of so much childish longing in vain , || The sadness that lurks near the open window there, That waits all day in almost open prayer For the squeal of brakes, the sound of a stopping car, Of all the thousand selfish cars that pass .. || Vocabulary: 1. Childish longing in vain: village people’s futile expectations for city money. 2. Sadness that lurks: Suffering that lies in waiting for a customer to appear. 3 .Selfish cars: Because city-goers don’t stop to buy products of roadside shops . Cars have been personified as being selfish. Paraphrase: The poet says that he can hardly bear the endless wait of the village folks for prospective customers from the city. The poor people’s futile expectation for the city money has been compared to children’s longing for things beyond their reach. || In the phrase ‘sadness that lurks’ sadness has been personified as it lies in wait near the open window praying for a city customer to arrive and enquire the price of the village people’s products. Lines 38-43 Just one to inquire what a farmer’s prices are. And one did stop, but only to plow up grass In using the yard to back and turn around; And another to ask the way to where it was bound; And another to ask could they sell it a gallon of gas || They couldn’t (this crossly); they had none , didn’t it see? || Vocabulary : 1. plow up grass While taking reverse gear and turning vehicles or to ask for directions, city goers plow up a cloud of grass. 2 . gallon of gas : fuel for the city vehicles. 3. they had none: Village people did not have fuel for vehicles to sell. Paraphrase: If any city-goer ever stops at the roadside stand, it is either to reverse his car, to ask for directions or to ask if he could buy fuel for his car. || they had none: Village people did not have fuel for vehicles to sell. With every passing selfish car that stops, the farmer’s hope rises, only to be disappointed. None of them seems to be considerate enough to buy the products from roadside stand. This makes the village folk at the roadside stand cross (angry). Lines 44-48 No, in country money, the country scale of gain , The requisite lift of spirit has never been found, || Or so the voice of the country seems to complain. || I can’t help owning the great relief it would be To put these people at one stroke out of their pain. VOCABULARY: country scale of gain : Required quantity of money falls short. requisite lift of spirit Money is considered a catalyst to raise spirit of village folk. voice of the country Here the demand of village folk. Paraphrase: Country money is the small income that the poor village folks make. It cannot be compared to the affluence of the rich in cities. Village people estimate their economic growth by means of the small profit at hand .( country scale of gain) With such a meagre( small) income and small profit earned, village people could never experience ‘lift of spirit’ as small income can never give additional lift to one’s spirit. || The poet wishes to lift the poor people out of their pain, poverty and endless miseries. But as the reality is different, he is sad and thinks that death at one stroke can end all their grief and suffering. Lines 49-51 And then next day as I come back into the sane , I wonder how I should like you to come to me And offer to put me gently out of my pain . VOCABULARY : 1. into the sane As I come to my senses . 2. out of my pain: The poet’s pain is that the poor people are still waiting for the rich people’s generosity and that the rich people never help the poor people. He is also sad that his insane dreams of the poor people helped by a stroke were only dreams . Paraphrase: But next morning when he came to senses, he realized that his earlier thought of death being the only solution to come out poverty is useless and decided that govt/civic bodies can only uplift the miserable condition of the village folks. The poet’s pain is the yawning(huge) gap between the rich and the poor. The poet appeals to party in power to relieve these farmers out of their pains. Recapitulation: The poem is about roadside temporary sheds that come up on both sides of the national or state highways. They serve the road users with food and other items. The poem depicts Robert Frost’s scathing criticism of unequal society where there is a huge division between the rich and the poor owing to unequal distribution of wealth. The poem draws our attention towards lives of these poor people and our sympathy towards them. The poem thus highlights the government apathy towards the economic plight of these rural people. Literary Devices NCERT Solution: Think it out ( Page 102) 1. The city folk who drove through the countryside hardly paid any heed to the roadside stand or to the people who ran it. If at all they did, it was to complain. Which lines bring this out? What was their complaint about? Ans: The city folks did not stop their vehicles at these new sheds to show some interest for these rural folks. Their complaining attitude is reflected in 'the polished traffic passed with a mind ahead.'' Their implied complaint is seen in the landscape being marred with signs like N or S turned wrong. 2. What was the plea of the folk who had put up the roadside stand? Ans: The plea of the folks was that 'the party in power' did not pay any attention to their pathetic plights. They needed the money in cash which would bring miracles in their lives. The city dwellers do not stop on the highway while racing past their village. 3. The government and other social service agencies appear to help the poor rural people, but actually do them no good. Pick out the words and phrases that the poet uses to show their double standards. Ans: The following are the words and phrases that the poet uses to show double standards from government and social service agencies.... (i) the party in power is said to be keeping from us.' (ii) beneficent beasts of prey/swarm over their lives. (iii) to soothe them out of their wits. (iv) Destroy their sleeping.... 4. What is the ‘childish longing’ that the poet refers to? Why is it ‘vain’? The childish longing of the poet is that these city folks shall stop their vehicles near these newly extended little sheds and buy some things. That will generate some income for these village folks. But it is all 'vain' as they do not stop and simply pass ahead. 5. Which lines tell us about the insufferable pain that the poet feels at the thought of the plight of the rural poor? Ans: The following lines point to the insufferable pain of the poet at the thought of the plight of the rural poor. I wonder how I should like you to come to me And offer to put me gently out of my pain . The poet’s pain is that the poor people are still waiting for the rich people’s generosity and that the rich people never help the poor people. He is also sad that his insane dreams of the poor people helped by a stroke were only dreams . CBE-Based Questions Q1. Choose the option that correctly categorises the given literary devices as per the given analogy. selfish cars : _____ :: _________metaphor (a) personification; polished traffic (b) transferred epithet; trusting sorrow (c) metaphor; pitiful kin (d) oxymoron; greedy good-doers [CBSE Question Bank 2021] Q2. ‘I wonder how I should like you to come to me And offer to put me gently out of my pain.’ The tone of the poem by the end, as depicted by the given lines is: (a) frustrated. (b) commanding. (c) introspective. (d) emotional. [CBSE Question Bank 2021] Q3. Choose the quote that best describes the poet’s attitude to humanity: (a) Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them humanity cannot survive. —The Dalai Lama (b) Faith in god necessarily implies a lack of faith in humanity. —Barbara G. Walker (c) We cannot despair of humanity since we ourselves are human. —Albert Einstein (d) We think too much and feel too little. More than machinery, we need humanity; more than cleverness, we need kindness and gentleness. Without these qualities, life will be violent and all will be lost. —Charlie Chaplin Q4. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: Sometimes I feel myself I can hardly bear The thought of so much childish longing in vain, The sadness that lurks near the open window there, That waits all day in almost open prayer For the squeal of brakes, the sound of a stopping car, (A) Why does the poet call the farmers’ longing ‘childish’? (a) Because it sounds like a childish thing to do. (b) Because it has an obsessive quality to it. (c) Because the farmers have children who worry. (d) Because the farmers are worried like children. (B) Why does the poet say ‘Sometimes I feel myself I can hardly bear’? (a) Because the poet observes the farmers’ plight. (b) Because he knew the roadside stand farmer. (c) Because he has relatives who are farmers. (d) Because he empathises with the farmers. (C) Which poetic device is used in ‘The sadness that lurks near the open window there’? (a) Personification (b) Transferred epithet (c) Satire (d) Metaphor (D) Which of the following words from the extract mean ‘screech’? (a) Longing (b) Sadness (c) Brakes (d) Squeal (D) (d) Squeal Q5. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: Of all the thousand selfish cars that pass, Just one to inquire what a farmer’s prices are. And one did stop, but only to plow up grass In using the yard to back and turn around; And another to ask the way to where it was bound; (A) Which poetic device is used in this line ‘Of all the thousand selfish cars that pass’? (a) Oxymoron (b) Personification (c) Transferred epithet (d) Symbol Ans: (c) Transferred epithet Explanation: Cars cannot be selfish. The adjective refers to the people inside the car. It has been transferred from the people to the car. The figure of speech in which the epithet is transferred from one noun to modify another is called transferred epithet. Hence, option (c) is the correct answer. (B) The phrase ‘Just one’ refers to .................... passing by. (a) one car (b) one farmer (c) one poet (d) one official Ans: (a) one car Explanation: The phrase ‘just one’ refers to a passing car. Hence, option (a) is the correct answer. Options (b), (c) and (d) are not the people passing by the roadside shed. So, they are incorrect. (C) Choose the meaning of the phrase ‘to plow up grass’: (a) To plant a neat surface of grass (b) To turn over the grass surface (c) To cut the grass neatly with a plow (d) To apply fertiliser to the grass. Ans: (b) To turn over the grass surface Explanation: To plow up the grass means to turn over the surface of the ground on which grass grows using a plow. Here, the car does the work of a plow. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer. Q6. So much as the trusting sorrow of what is unsaid: Here far from the city we make our roadside stand And ask for some city money to feel in hand To try if it will not make our being expand, And give us the life of the moving-pictures’ promise That the party in power is said to be keeping from us. (A) Which poetic device is used in ‘trusting sorrow’? (a) Metaphor (b) Alliteration (c) Assonance (d) Transferred epithet Ans: (a) Metaphor Explanation: ‘Trusting sorrow’ is a metaphor where the rural folk trusted the city folk to buy their produce, but they didn’t, making the rural folk sorrowful. This points to option (a) as the correct answer. Options (b), (c) and (d) are not the devices used in the line. Hence, these options are incorrect. (B) Which point of view does the poet use in this extract? (a) First person singular (b) First person plural (c) Second person plural (d) Third person singular Ans: (b) First person plural Explanation: The poet uses ‘we’ and ‘our’ which indicates that it is the first-person plural point of view used. Hence, option (b) is the correct answer. Options (a), (c) and (d) cannot be inferred from the poem or these lines. Thus, they are incorrect. (c) What can be inferred to be the promise of the ‘moving-pictures’? (a) A life of extremes. (b) A hard and difficult life. (c) A good and easy life. (d) A life of glamour. Ans: (c) A good and easy life. Explanation: It can be inferred that the promise of the moving-pictures is a good and easy life. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer. Evidence for options (a), (b) and (d) cannot be found in the poem. Hence, they are not the correct answer. (D) What is the satire in the line: ‘That the party in power is said to be keeping from us’? (a) The poet demands that the party in power release the funds allocated. (b) The poet praises the government for implementing the idea of relocation. (c) The poet rebukes the government for ignoring their promised prosperity. (d) The poet lists the problems that comes from following the people in power. Ans: (c) The poet rebukes the government for ignoring their promised prosperity. Explanation: Satire is a type of social commentary in which writers use exaggeration, irony and other devices to mock a leader, a social custom or tradition. The poet uses light satire here in rebuking the ruling party/government in their country for ignoring the plight of the roadside stand farmers. Hence, option (c) is the correct answer. Options (a), (b) and (d) are not the explanation that can be inferred from the context. Hence, they are not the correct answers. Answer Key Q1. Ans. (b) transferred epithet; trusting sorrow Explanation: ‘Selfish cars’ is a transferred epithet while ‘trusting sorrow’ is a metaphor. This points to option (b) as the correct answer. Options (a), (c) and (d) do not match the phrases with the correct literary devices. Hence, they are not the correct answers. Q2 . Ans. (d) emotional. Explanation: The poet starts off on an outraged tone but ends on an emotional one. This points to option (d) as the correct answer. Options (a), (b) and (c) are not the tone at the end of the poem so, they are incorrect. Q3. Answer: (d) We think too much and feel too little. More than machinery, we need humanity; more than cleverness, we need kindness and gentleness. Without these qualities, life will be violent and all will be lost. —Charlie Chaplin Explanation : All the quotes talk about humanity but only one talks about having a feeling for humanity. Hence, option (d) is the correct answer. Options (a), (b) and (c) do not describe the poet’s view of humanity accurately. Thus, they are not the correct answer. Q4. (a) Ans: (b) Because it has an obsessive quality to it. Explanation: The poet calls the farmers’ longing ‘childish’ because they are obsessed by making some extra ‘city money’. Hence, option (b) is the correct answer. Options (a), (c) and (d) are not correct as they cannot be inferred accurately from the context. Q4. (b) Answer: (d) Because he empathizes with the farmers. Explanation: The poet is moved because he has deeply empathised with the farmers’ plight not merely observed or being acquainted with it or being related to the farmers. Hence, option (d) is the correct answer. Options (a), (b) and (c) are incorrect as they do not accurately indicate the depth of feeling that the poet feels. Q4 (C) Answer: (a) Personification Explanation: ‘Sadness’ is an inanimate quality but is shown to be ‘lurking’, a distinctly human thing to do. The attribution of human qualities to inanimate objects is called personification. Hence, option (a) is the correct answer. Options (b), (c) and (d) are incorrect since they are not the devices used in this line. Q4. (d) Explanation: ‘Squeal’ is a synonym of ‘screech’. Hence, option (d) is the correct answer. Options (a), (b) and (c) are not correct since they do not have the same meaning. So, they are not the correct answer. Recommended Reading : A Thing of Beauty Aunt Jennifer's Tiger Keeping Quiet CBSE Board Previous year Questions Q1. What are the probable causes of the passing cars to stop near the roadside stand? [CBSE 2020] Ans. In ‘A Roadside Stand’ by Robert Frost, the poet lists three probable causes why the people in the ‘selfish cars’ stop by the roadside stand. One was to enquire about the price; another was to ask for directions; and a third asked if they sold gas. None of the probable causes was about the real reason the stand was there in the first place, which was to sell the produce. Q2. Though money holds the same value everywhere, the poet draws a distinction between city money and country money. Elaborate. [CBSE Question Bank 2021] Ans. According to Robert Frost, city money has more value than country money. The phrases in the poem ‘in country money, the country scale of gain’ illustrates this concept This means the profits in the country are of less value than profits in the city. The farmers also wait in vain for some ‘city money’ to augment their earnings. Q3. The roadside stand and the moving cars are a contrast around which the entire poem is woven. Expound. [CBSE Question Bank 2021] Ans. Indeed, the farmers in the stationary roadside stand wait for the moving cars to stop and buy their fruits and vegetables all through the poem. The roadside stand symbolises rural folk, who are in desperate help from the city people who pass through in the moving cars. Therefore, the moving cars here symbolises the city people. The poem is woven around this contrast and contradiction. Q4. Does the poet reach a conclusive solution for the issue at hand? Discuss. [CBSE Question Bank 2021] Ans. No, the poet does not reach any conclusion about the farmers’ problems. The Poet thinks that govt/civic bodies can only uplift the miserable condition of the village folks. The poet’s pain is the yawning(huge) gap between the rich and the poor. The poet appeals to party in power to relieve these farmers out of their pains. Note: Read this Stanza in the poem. Q5. Comment on the significance of the symbol of the car in the poem. [CBSE Question Bank 2021] Ans. In Robert Frost’s poem ‘A Roadside Stand’, cars were described as ‘polished’ and ‘selfish’. They are associated with urban prosperity. With cars, people can move around. Hence, they are symbols of prosperity and wealth. Note: Read this stanza in the poem ( Selfish Cars) Read Polished Traffic Stanza here ( Polished Traffic) Extra Questions 1. What was the plea of the folk who had put up the roadside stands? Ans: The little shed was added to the old house to accommodate the selling of the farm produce by the farmers. The folks were poor. They wanted to have some money in their hands. It was to pull on with life and to make some sort of economic progress. 2. What 'promises' does the government or the party in power hold for these 'pitiful kin' that is in the news? Ans: It is in the news that these pitiful kin shall live in villages. Theatres, stories, malls, multiplexes etc shall be built for them. Living there they won't have to worry about anything and shall lead contented lives. 3. What is the poet's 'open prayer' for these village folks? What actually happened? What ,ade the poet feel about this longing? Ans: The poet's 'open prayer' is that the road users shall stop their cars and inquire about the farmers' prices to buy some things. But none stopped and this made the poet feel sad about his 'longing' that things would be bought by them. 4. what would be the great relief for the poet in the context of the village folks? Ans The poet says that he would be happy to own the great relief if the pains of the village folks are removed at one one stroke only. The poet wishes to lift the poor people out of their pain, poverty and endless miseries. But as the reality is different, he is sad and thinks that death at one stroke can end all their grief and suffering. However, he appeals to party in power to relieve these farmers out of their pains. 5. How did the village folks mar the landscapes as claimed by the city-dwellers? Ans: The city-going people if ever they stop for a moment, they complain that the roadside stand, with its artless paint, ruined the beauty of nature. Another complaint is that the letters like ‘N’ and ‘S’ of the sign posts are wrongly written. The owner of the roadside shop being illiterate, has erected the signpost with S and N inverted. For the part I of Concept Video of this poem, CLICK Here For the part II of Concept Video of this poem, CLICK Here Note: Kindly write your feedback in the comments section below & hit the like button. Your feedback will help us continue with our quality content in days to come. Thanks

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Literature Extract ( ERCs) Questions of Previous Years 2024-2022 👇Lesson Hyperlinks for Quick Access 👇 A Tiger in the Zoo   The Ball Poem How To Tell Wiid Animals The Trees The Tale of Custard the Dragon Amanda A Tiger in the Zoo Q1. Read the following extract and the questions that follow Extract 1 (Set 2/1/1 | All India 2024) He stalks in his vivid stripes The few steps of his cage, On pads of velvet quiet, In his quiet rage. He should be lurking in shadow, Sliding through long grass Near the water pole Where plump deer pass. He should be snarling around houses At the jungle's edge, Baring his white fangs, his claws. Terrorising the village! (i) State any one point of contrast between the tiger in the zoo and in its natural habitat. (ii) When the speaker suggests that the tiger should be "Snarling around houses at the jungle's edge"? What does he insinuate about the tiger's natural behaviour and habitat? (iii) The poet's skillful use of imagery effectively depicts the confinement and frustration of the tiger. Elaborate in about 40 words. (2) (iv) Which phrase would correctly substitute 'quiet rage" in the given sentence from the extract? Answer Key (i) In the zoo , the tiger is confined and stalks silently within the cage, showcasing its suppressed spirit. In contrast, in the forest , the tiger roams freely and majestically, snarling and instilling fear in the nearby villages. (ii) The speaker insinuates that the tiger’s natural behaviour is to be powerful, free, and ferocious, roaming fearlessly in its natural habitat near the jungle’s edge, asserting its dominance and instilling fear among nearby houses. (iii) The poet uses striking imagery like the tiger’s "vivid stripes" and "pads of velvet quiet" to highlight its regal yet restrained nature. The image of its "quiet rage" vividly portrays its frustration and helplessness in captivity. (iv) suppressed anger Extract 2 (Set 2/3/1 | All India 2024) He stalks in his vivid stripes The few steps of his cage, On pads of velvet quiet, In his quiet rage (1) Explain the contrast created by the words, 'stalks' and few steps of his cage'. (ii) Which of the following best describes the tiger's feelings in the context? (A) anger (B) conflicted (C) pessimism (D) apprehension (iii) Comment in about 40 words on the poet's use of imagery in the above extract. (iv) Which word in the stanza means the same as 'clear and brigh t'? Answer key (i) The contrast between "stalks" and "few steps of his cage" highlights the tiger's natural confidence and majestic freedom in the wild versus his subdued and restricted movement in captivity, emphasizing the loss of his true essence. (ii) (A) anger (iii) The poet uses vivid imagery to contrast the tiger's majesty and confinement. Phrases like “velvet quiet” and “stalks in vivid stripes” highlight its grace, while “quiet rage” vividly captures its frustration and helplessness in captivity, evoking empathy. (iv) vivid Extract 3 (Set 2/4/1 | All India 2024) But he's locked in a concrete cell, His strength behind bars, Stalking the length of his cage, Ignoring visitors. (A Tiger in the Zoo) (i) Why is the tiger 'stalking the length of his cage'? (ii) What is the significance of the use of the word 'locked' to describe the concrete cell where the tiger is kept and how does it contrast with the tiger's presence in its natural habitat? Answer in about 40 words. (iii) Complete the sentence with the appropriate option: The lines from the poem tell us that the tiger is (A) enjoying his time in the cell (B) being indifferent to visitors because it is a daily routine for him (C) not as strong as his counterpart in the jungle (D) wanting to be free from the cage (iv) Identify the literary device used in the line ' But he's locked in a concrete cell.' Answer Key (i) The tiger is "stalking the length of his cage" because his movement is restricted within the confines of the cage. He has no freedom to roam or run, which makes him restless and agitated. The cage limits his natural instincts and behaviour. (ii) The word "locked" signifies the tiger's inability to escape, highlighting the confinement and loss of freedom. In contrast, in its natural habitat, the tiger moves freely, asserting its power and dominance, showcasing its true strength and majesty. (iii) (B) being indifferent to visitors – it’s a daily routine for him. (iv) Yes, the literary device used in the line "But he's locked in a concrete cell" is alliteration . The repetition of the "c" sound in "concrete" and "cell" creates a rhythmic effect and emphasizes the confinement of the tiger in the concrete cell. Extract 4 (Set 2/2/1 | All India 2023) He hears the last voice at night. The patrolling cars, And stares with his brilliant eyes At the brilliant stars. He stalks in his vivid stripes A few steps of his cage. (i) Whose is the last voice heard by the tiger ? (a) police jeep (b) patrolling cars (c) watchmen (d) roar of lion (ii) Complete the sentence appropriately. It is clear that repetition is the poetic device used for 'his brilliant eyes at the brilliant stars.' because __________. (Clue : explain how repetition applies here) (iii) The main contrasting ideas in this extract are (a) tiger and deer. (b) cruelty and sympathy. (c) confinement and freedom. (d) master and slave. (iv) ) The use of the word 'stalks' creates an image of (a) cowardice. (b) frustration. (c) lethargy. (d) purposefulness. (v) State whether the following statement is True or False : The poem uses staring at the sky to symbolize the freedom 'he yearns for.' Answer Key (i) (a) patrolling cars (ii) creates a musical effect/emphasises the brilliance (iii) (c) confinement and freedom. (iv) (b) frustration (v) True The Ball Poem Extract 1 (Set 2/1/1 | All India 2024) No use to say 'O there are other balls An ultimate shaking grief fixes the boy As he stands rigid, trembling, staring down All his young days into the harbour where his ball went. I would not intrude on him, A dime, another ball, is worthless. Now He senses first responsibility In a world of possessions. People will take Balls, balls will be lost always, little boy And no one buys a ball back. Money is external He is learning. (i) Which of the following best describes the speaker's attitude towards the boy's reaction to losing his ball? (A) indifferent as the ball is inexpensive (B) sympathetic, understanding the depth of the boy's loss (C) mocking, finding the boy's reaction exaggerated and unnecessary (D) panicked, sharing the boy's distress over the last hall (ii) Comment on the use of metaphor in the above extract ( iii) Explain the phrase all his young cays into the harbour' with reference to the extract (iv) Briefly stat e in about 40 words the boy's journey from 'shoking grief to' he is learning' in the above extract Answer Key (i) (B) – sympathetic, understanding the depth of the boy’s loss (ii) Ball is a metaphor for possessions/childhood innocence (iii) The phrase "all his young days into the harbour" symbolizes the boy's realization of losing his childhood innocence with the loss of the ball. It marks a moment of transition, as he begins to understand responsibility and cope with loss, signifying growth and maturity. (iv) The boy's journey from "shocking grief" to "he is learning" reflects his transition from innocence to maturity. Initially devastated by the loss, he gradually understands that loss is inevitable and irreplaceable, marking a step toward accepting life's realities. Extract 2 (Set 2/3/1 | All India 2024) And no one buys a ball back, Money is external He is learning, well behind his desperate eyes The epistemology of loss, how to stand up. (1) When the poet says that "no one buys a ball back", what does he refer to in the context of the poem? (ii) Complete the sentence with an appropriate option: The lines from the poem tell us that the boy is experiencing (A) distress (B) terror (C) realisation (D) elation (iii) What is the significance of the term "desperate" used to describe the boy's eyes in the poem, and how does it contribute to the overall mood and tone of the poem? (iv) Identify and discuss the poet's use of metaphor in the poem "The Ball Poem". Answer Key (i) When the poet says, "no one buys a ball back," he refers to the inevitability of loss and how certain things, like memories and relationships, are irreplaceable. This emphasizes the boy's journey toward accepting life's transient nature and responsibilities. (ii) (C) realisation (iii) The term "desperate" used to describe the boy's eyes signifies his helpless yearning to retrieve his lost ball, symbolizing his deep sense of loss and attachment. It enhances the poem's somber tone and stoic mood, reflecting the inevitability of accepting life's losses. (iv) In The Ball Poem , the poet uses the metaphor of the lost ball to represent significant losses in life. The ball symbolizes cherished possessions or moments, and its loss reflects life's inevitable separations. This transformative experience encourages emotional growth and maturity, teaching resilience and acceptance. Extract 3 (Set 2/5/1 | All India 2024) In a world of possessions. People will take Balls, balls will be lost always, little boy. And no one buys a ball back. Money is external. He is learning, well behind his desperate eyes, The epistemology of loss, how to stand up Knowing what every man must one day know And most know many days, how to stand up. (i) Fill in the blank with one word. When the speaker says "People will take balls, Balls will be lost always, little boy", his tone is _______ (ii) The poet says that money is external. What inference can be drawn from this statement? Answer in about 40 words. (iii) Which of the following best describes the speaker's attitude towards material possessions? (A) indifferent (B) emotional (C) casual (D) respectful (iv) Identify the poetic device used in "And no one buys a ball bark Answer Key (i) Instructive/Practical/Realistic/Matter-of-fact (Any other appropriate synonym) (ii) The statement "money is external" suggests that money can replace material possessions, like a ball, but it cannot restore the emotional value or love attached to them. True emotional connections and personal growth cannot be bought with money. (iii) (A) Indifferent (iv) The poetic device used in "And no one buys a ball back" is alliteration , as the repetition of the "b" sound in "buys" and "ball" creates a rhythmic eff ect. Extract 4 (Set 2/5/1 | All India 2023) What is the boy now, who has lost his ball, What, what is he to do ? I saw it go Merrily bouncing, down the street and then Merrily over there it is in the water : (The Ball Poem) (1) What does the expression 'what, what is he to do' denote? (a) loss of the ball (b) ask the poet for another ball (c) boy's grief over the loss of the ball (d) go down the street (ii) State whether the following statement is True or False: The poet was delighted to watch the ball bouncing down the street into the water. (iii) The poet repeats the word 'what' in order to ______ (iv) There is no use to say "O there are other balls indicates that the poet feels that it would be_____ to console the boy. (a) helpful (bi futile (c) easy (d) shameful (v) ) 'What is the boy now, who has lost his ball' Which feeling is expressed in this line ? (a) regret (b) cheer (c) despair (d) thrill Answer Key (i) (c) boy’s grief over the loss of ball (ii) False (iii) The poet repeats the word 'what' to emphasize the boy's confusion and helplessness, highlighting the emotional turmoil he experiences after losing his ball. (iv) (b) futile (v) (c) despair How To Tell Wiid Animals Extract 1 (Set 2/1/1 | All India 2024) The true Chameleon is small A lizard sort of thing; He hasn't any ears at all, And not a single wing. If there is nothing on the tree, "Tis the Chameleon you see. (How To Tell Wild Animal s) (i) Fill in the blank with one word: When the speaker says "If there is nothing on the tree, Tis the Chameleon you see", he refers to a true Chameleon. as characteristic trait of _____ (ii) What does the speaker mean when he says, "A lizard sort of thing"? ( iii) Which of the following best describes the speaker's disposition while describing the Chameleon? (A) indifferent (B) playful (C) dismissive D) respectful ( iv) Comment on the poet's use of language in these lines. Answer in about 40 words Answer Key (i) Camouflage / Changeability (ii) The speaker refers to "a lizard sort of thing" to describe a chameleon, which resembles a lizard in appearance but is distinct due to its unique ability to change colour and adapt to its surroundings. (iii) (B) playful (iv) The poet employs a humorous and engaging tone, using simple, easy-to-understand language to make the descriptions vivid and entertaining. The use of rhyme, rhythm, and figures of speech like metaphors adds charm and ensures the poem's informative nature remains appealing. Extract 2 (Set 2/1/1 | All India 2023) Though to distinguish beasts of prey A novice might nonplus, The crocodiles you always may Tell from the Hyena thus : Hyenas come with merry smiles; But if they weep they’re crocodiles. (i) Select the appropriate option to complete the sentence, according to the extract : Crocodiles can be identified by their _______. (a) tears (c) smiles (d) attacks (ii) State whether the following statement is True or False : Hyenas are famous for weeping. (iii) ‘Novice’ in line 2 means the same as : (a) learner (b) beast (c) tender foot (d) beginner (iv) In this extract the poet has presented two different behavioural traits of animals. They are ______. (v) The poet uses ‘A novice might nonplus” instead of the novice might get confused. How does this usage impact the poem ? (a) adds an incorrect option. (b) it is associated with beasts. (c) it rhymes and adds humour. (d) it simplifies the meaning. Answer Key (i) (a) tears (ii) False (iii) (d) beginner (iv) smiling of the hyena and the crying of the crocodile (v) (c) It rhymes and adds humour. Extract 3 (Set 2/2/1 | All India 2023) Or if some time when roaming round, A noble wild beast greets you, With black stripes on a yellow ground, Just notice if he eats you. This simple rule may help you learn The Bengal Tiger to discern. (i) Who is the 'noble wild beast' in the above lines?   (a) zebra (b) Asian Tiger (c) Asian Lion (d) Bengal Tiger (ii) Complete the sentence appropriately. It is clear that alliteration is the poetic device used for 'roaming round' because ___________. (Clue : explain how alliteration applies here) (iii) State whether the following statement is True or False : The extract helps to identify a Royal Bengal Tiger. (iv) In the given lines, what effect does the poet create ? 'Just notice if he eats you.' This simple rule may help you learn The Bengal Tiger to discern. (a) irony (b) terror (c) sympathy (d) criticism (v) Which word in the extract tells you that you have recognised the 'noble beast'. (a) rule (b) discern (c) roaming (d) notice Answer Key (i) (d) Bengal Tiger 1 (ii) repetition of same consonant sound (Here it is R- roaming round) (iii) True (iv) (a) irony (v) (b) discern Extract 4 (Set 2/6/1 | All India 2023) If strolling forth, a beast you view, Whose hide with spots is peppered, As soon as he has leapt on you, You'll know it's the leopard. Twill do no good to roar with pain, He'll only lep and lep again. (i) One can find out that it is a leopard by the way it (a) leaps (b) eats (c) looks (d) roars (ii) State whether the following statement is true or false: When an animal repeatedly leaps at a person, it is a leopard. (iii) Complete the sentence appropriately: It is clear that repetition is a poetic device used for 'lep and lep again' because ______ (Clue: explain how repetition is applied here.) (iv) The Royal Bengal Tiger has black stripes on yellow skin whereas a leopard has _____ (v) Complete the analogy with a word from the extract claws nails? claws: nails :: ? : skin . Answer key (i) (a) leaps (ii) true (iii) they want to show the repeated action of leaping / jumping (iv) dark coloured spots/black spots (v) hide The Trees Extract 1 My head is full of whispers Which tomorrow will be silent. Listen. The glass is breaking. The trees are stumbling forward into the night. Winds rush to meet them. The moon is broken like a mirror. its pieces flash now in the crown of the tallest Oa k. (Set 2/1/1 | All India 2024) (1) Identify the figure of speech used in the line: "The Trees are stumbling forward into the night" english-cbq-extract-class-x-board-pyqs-important-for-2024-25(ii) Explain the significance of the line "The moon is broken like a mirror, its pieces flash now in the crown of the tallest Oak." Answer in about 40 words. (iii) Complete the sentence with the appropriate option. In the third line, the word Listen is used to (A) serve no purpose but to complete the sentence. (B) emphasize listening carefully to the sound of glass breaking. (C) emphasize listening carefully as a change is about to take place. (D) make the reader more attentive. (iv) What does the line: "My head is full of whispers which tomorrow will be silent" tell us about the poet's st ate of mind? Answer Key (i) The figure of speech used in the line "The Trees are stumbling forward into the night" is personification . The trees are attributed human qualities like "stumbling," which brings them to life, symbolizing their struggle for freedom from confinement. (ii) The line "The moon is broken like a mirror, its pieces flash now in the crown of the tallest Oak" signifies societal change, symbolizing the triumph of women breaking free from patriarchy. The fragmented moon reflects their victory and empowerment. (iii) (C) emphasize on listening carefully as a change is about to take place. (iv) The line "My head is full of whispers which tomorrow will be silent" reflects the poet's restless and apprehensive state of mind, indicating internal conflicts or uncertainties that may resolve or fade with time. The Tale of Custard the Dragon Extract 1 (Set 2/1/1 | All India 2024) Belinda was as brave as a barrel full of bears, And Ink and Blink chased lions down the stairs, Mustard was as brave as a tiger in a rage. But Custard cried for a nice and safe cage (The Tale of Custard the Dragon) (1) Comment upon the contrast that is reflected in the last two lines of the extract. (ii) Fill in the blank with one word. While describing Ink and Blink, the speaker says that they could chase lions down the stairs. By saying so, he is revealing the __________ characteristic of their personality. (iii) Comment on the poet's use of language in these lines in about 40 words. (iv) Which of the following best describes the theme of the poem? (A) Bravery and heroism (B)Humility leads to bravery (C) Valour and diligence (D) Crisis reveals character Answer key (i) The contrast shows the dog, typically tame, displaying bravery like a tiger, while the dragon, despite its natural fierceness, prefers the safety of its cage, highlighting an ironic reversal of expected behaviour. (ii) fearless/valorous/daring/heroic/ bold/ courageous (iii) The poet uses simple, accessible language, enriched with similes, alliteration, and vivid imagery. The humorous tone and whimsical descriptions of the characters contribute to the playful nature of the ballad, making it engaging and lighthearted. (iv) (D) Crisis reveals character. Extract 2 (Set 2/5/1 | All India 2023) But the dragon was a coward, and she called him Custard. Custard the dragon had big sharp teeth, And spikes on top of him and scales underneath Mouth like a fireplace, chimney for a nose. And realio, trulio daggers on his toe s . (i) Complete the analogy by selecting the suitable word from the extract. sharp blunt: above:: _____ (ii) Which one of the following is not feature of the Dragon? (a) big sharp teeth (b) spikes on the top (c) brave as a lion (d) could release fire from the mouth (iii) What effect does the poet want to create by the simile 'mouth like a fireplace'? (a) emphasis (b) compassion (c) rhyme (d) pathos (iv) Complete the sentence appropriately. It is clear that Metaphor is the poetic device used for 'Chimney for a nose'   because _____(Clue: Explain how metaphor applies here) (v) State whether the following statement is True False based on the given extract. Custard's formidable appearance is a true reflection of his courage. Answer key (i) underneath (ii) ( c) brave as a lion (iii) (a) emphasis (iv) the nose is compared to a chimney as it breathes out smoke like a chimney (v) False Amanda Extract 1 (Set 2/5/1 | All India 2024) Don't eat that chocolate, Amanda! Remember your acne, Amanda! Will you please look at me when I'm speaking to you, Amanda! (I am Rapunzel, I have not a care; life in a tower is tranquil and rare;) (Amanda) (i) What is the central idea of the poem as reflected in the lines above? Answer in about 40 words. (ii) Complete the sentence with the appropriate option. "Will you please look at me when I'm speaking to you, Amanda tells us that the mother's attitude is (A) loving (B) relaxed (C) authoritative (D) thoughtful (iii) Identify any one poetic device used in the above extract. (iv) For what reason does Amanda imagine herself to be Rapunzel ? Answer Key (i) The central idea of the poem revolves around the tension between freedom and control. Amanda represents the longing for freedom, while her mother embodies the restrictions imposed on her, highlighting the conflict between a child's desire for independence and parental authority. (ii) (C) Authoritative (iii) The poetic device used in the extract is Allusion . Amanda's comparison to Rapunzel alludes to the fairy tale character who is confined in a tower, symbolizing Amanda's own desire for freedom and escape from her mother's control. (iv) Amanda imagines herself to be Rapunzel to escape her mother's constant nagging and control. In the tower, Rapunzel is free , isolated, and peaceful—living a life without interference, a contrast to Amanda's current situation. Extract 2 (Set 2/4/1 | All India 2023) Don't eat that chocolate Amanda! Remember your acne, Amanda! Will you please look at me when I'm speaking to you Amanda! (1 am Rapunzel, I have not a care, life in tower is tranquil and rare, I'll certainly never let down my bright hair ) (i) The Speaker's tone is (a) loving (b) hopeful. (c) instructive. (d) indifferent (ii) Complete the analogy with a word from the extract: rare: uncommon :: peace : ______ (iii) State whether the following statement is TRUE or FALSE: Amanda did not want anyone to invade her privacy and silence. (iv) Select the appropriate option Amanda's mother is continuously ______Amanda. a) encouraging (b) reprimanding (c) motivating (d) disappointing (v) Which word in the extract is opposite in meaning to the word 'dull"? (a) dreary (b) Shaky (c) bright (d) angry Answer Key (i) (c )instructive (ii) Tranquil (iii) True (iv) (b) Reprimanding (v) (c) bright Questions are being Updated. Keep visiting the site.

Tips & Tricks on How to Write a Notice. What is a Notice? A Notice is a very short piece of writing usually written in formal style. It is widely used by individuals and organization to announce events, occasions, celebrations, lost and found etc. How to write an effective Notice? Name of the Organization, Institution or Office. Issuing it. The word ‘NOTICE’ Date of Issuing. The date of notice can be placed at the top right A suitable description, caption or heading. Notice can use capital letters details such as name of organizations, an important detail in the message itself. Details of Schedule (Date, Time, Venue, programme purpose/who is to attend etc.) Signature, name and designation of the person issuing the notice. Tone of the language-formal. Usually future time references predominate over other tense forms. Draw the box and ensure the word limit (50 words). Do's and Don'ts Do's of Writing a Notice for School Notice Board: 1. Start with a clear and concise heading: Use a bold and attention-grabbing heading to clearly convey the purpose of the notice. 2. Provide relevant details: Include important information such as date, time, venue, and any specific requirements or instructions related to the notice. 3. Use simple and easy-to-understand language: Write the notice in a language that is easily comprehensible to the target audience, using simple and clear sentences. 4. Be specific and concise: Avoid lengthy explanations or unnecessary details. Stick to the essential information and keep the notice concise. 5. Use bullet points or numbered lists: Organize information using bullet points or numbered lists to make it easier to read and understand. 6. Highlight important information: Use bold or underline formatting to emphasize crucial details or important deadlines. 7. Proofread for errors: Before posting the notice, double-check for any spelling or grammatical errors to ensure clarity and professionalism. Don'ts of Writing a Notice for School Notice Board: 1. Don't use jargon or complex language: Avoid using technical terms or complicated language that might confuse the readers. Keep the notice simple and easily understandable. 2. Don't include irrelevant information: Stick to the main purpose of the notice and avoid including unnecessary or unrelated details that may distract the readers. 3. Don't make assumptions: Provide all the essential details and avoid assuming that the readers already know certain information. Make the notice informative and complete. 4. Don't use excessive decoration: While it's essential to make the notice visually appealing, avoid using excessive decorations, colors, or fonts that may hinder readability or distract from the message. 5. Don't forget to mention contact information: Always provide contact information or a designated person to address any queries or provide further information related to the notice. 6. Don't use informal or unprofessional language: Maintain a professional tone throughout the notice. Avoid using slang, abbreviations, or informal language that may undermine the credibility of the notice. 7. Don't forget to date the notice: Always include the date when the notice is posted. This helps in keeping track of the timelines and ensures that the notice is up-to-date. By following these do's and don'ts, you can create an effective and well-presented notice that effectively communicates the intended information to the readers. CBSE Marking Scheme Format :1 Content : 2 Accuracy of Spelling and Grammar : 1 Word Limit 50 words Sample Notice 1. You are In-charge of cultural club of Ambuja Vidya Niketan, Upparwahi. Draft a Notice for your school notice board inviting students to participate in the Inter-House singing competition. Sign as Aman/ Kritika. ​ Ambuja Vidya Niketan, Upparwahi NOTICE July 2, 2023 INTER-HOUSE SINGING COMPETITION All the students are hereby informed that an Inter-House Singing- Competition is going to be organized in the school as per the details given below. This selection is for the students to perform at zonal level. Date: 15 July, 20 XX Time: 11 AM Venue: School Assembly Hall Interested and talented students may send their entries to participate by 11 July, 2023 to the undersigned. Aman/ Kritika In-charge Cultural Club 2. As the Sports Captain of your school write a notice for school notice board informing budding cricketers to attend trials for the selection of under-18 school Cricket team. ​ Ambuja Vidya Niketan, Upparwahi NOTICE 23 June 20XX CRICKET TRIALS FOR UNDER-18 SCHOOL TEAM This is to inform to our cricket players that selection to school teams will be made on 29 June, 20XX between 9:00 AM and 5:00 PM in the school playground. Budding players who wish to be in the school team must attend the trials with complete cricket kits. In all 20 players will be short-listed for each team purely on the basis of their batting/bowling & fielding performance. ANKUR SHARMA Sports Captain Bonus Info: Additional content for the above topic Who can participate? All students who are under 18 years of age and are passionate about cricket are invited to participate in the trials. This is your chance to showcase your cricket skills and represent our school in upcoming tournaments. What to expect? During the trials, you will have the opportunity to showcase your batting, bowling, and fielding abilities. The coaches and selectors will closely observe your performance and make decisions based on your skills and potential. How to participate? If you are interested in participating in the trials, please sign up by providing your name and contact information at the Sports Office. Important Notes: Please come prepared with your cricket gear, including a bat, pads, gloves, helmet, and appropriate sports shoes. Make sure to wear comfortable clothing suitable for cricket. Reach the venue on time to avoid missing your chance to showcase your skills. For any further information or queries, please contact the undersigned. Let's come together and make our school cricket team the best it can be! We look forward to seeing all the talented cricketers at the trials. Best regards, xxxxxxxxxx Sports Captain. 3. You are Rachit / Rachna, Incharge of Cultural Club of New Public School, Delhi. Draft a notice for your school notice board inviting students to participate in the Inter House Dance Competition which is going to be organised in your school. ​ New Public School, Delhi NOTICE Inter House Dance Competition 14th July, 2023 All the students are hereby informed that an inter house dance competition is going to be organised in our school on 15 August 2023 at 10 am in the school auditorium. The winners will be selected for zonal level. Interested students may give their names to the undersigned for participation latest by 05 June 2018. Rachit / Rachna Incharge, Cultural Club Questions for Practice 1. You are the Editor of your school magazine. Draft a notice for your school Notice Board inviting articles, poems, jokes, sketches etc. from the students for your school magazine. Sign as Neha/ Neeraj, SKV, Vikas Puri. 2. The Cultural Club of DAV Public School Noida is organising a 'Talent Hunt' evening. Pt. Ravi Shankar, the eminent vocalist will be the Guest of Honour. As Mridul / Mridula, the Secretary of the Cultural Club, draft a notice to inform the students and invite their names with details. Draft a notice in not more than 50 words. 3. As the "Head boy / Head Girl of Government Girls Senior Sec. School, Dilshad Garden, Delhi. You are organising a career counselling session for XI & XII students of your school. Write a notice giving details of it to be displayed on your school notice board. 4. Your school R.P.V.V. Gandhi Nagar, Delhi has completed 25 years of meritorious service to the society. As President of the Student Council of your school, write a notice in not more than 50 words, informing and inviting the name of the students to participate in the Silver Jubilee Celebration of the School. You are Ram / Radhika 5. You are Mrs. R. Ganguly, the Sr. Art and Craft teacher of Riverdale High School, Assam. Draft a notice in about 50 words to inform students about an Art and Craft Mela that will be held in the School premises. Mention other necessary details. 6. You are Rajan / Rachna, the Secretary of the Debating Society of your school, R.S.B.V. Rajgarh Colony, Delhi Write a notice in about 50 words informing students about an inter school debate. The motion for the debate is, 'Co-education does more good than harm'. Mention all pertinent details in the notice. 7. The Resident's Welfare Association of MAIAApartments, Delhi is starting Yoga and Laughter Club. The inauguration is on Sunday, September 12. Write a notice inviting residents to the inauguration. Also mention the activities that the Club will undertake. 8. You are Seema/Sumit secretary of a Health Club. Draft notice for the member's informing them about the change in timings of yoga classes in summers also provide other related details in about 50 word. Solution to Questions for Practice Credits: English With A Difference Material Production Team Support Material ( Class XII (English Core) )Directorate of Education, GNCT of Delhi Delhi Govt. CBSE English_core_SrSec_2023-24 ( Curriculum Document)

Take Your English Score to the Next Level in Board Exam, 2025 Index of Lesson Hyperlinks Tiger King Third Level VISTAS The Tiger King CBE Questions of Long Answer Type ( 5 Marks) Q1. Discuss the irony in the story "Tiger King" regarding the Maharaja's attempts to avoid his predicted death. How do these attempts contribute to his downfall? Answer: The irony in the story lies in the Maharaja's relentless efforts to avoid his predicted death by a tiger. His obsession with disproving the prophecy leads him to resort to drastic measures like banning tigers, organizing tiger hunts, and caging animals. However, each attempt ironically brings him closer to the tiger that ultimately causes his demise. For example, the story takes an unexpected turn when the Maharaja chooses a wooden toy tiger as a birthday gift for his son. During a playful moment with his son and the toy tiger, a tiny sliver from the wooden toy pierces the Maharaja's right hand. Despite efforts to save him through a surgery conducted by renowned surgeons, the Maharaja does not survive, and the wooden tiger becomes the cause of his death. This twist in the narrative underscores the concept of fate and irony, fulfilling the chief astrologer's prophecy that the cause of the king's death would be a tiger. The wooden toy tiger, representing the hundredth tiger in the Maharaja's obsession with hunting tigers, becomes an unforeseen instrument of his downfall, bringing the prophecy to fruition. The incident serves as a poignant reminder that destiny has its own ways of manifesting, and even the most trivial occurrences can have significant and unforeseen consequences. It also emphasizes the theme of the unpredictability of life and the ultimate inevitability of fate, despite human efforts to manipulate or evade it. 2. Analyze the role of the chief astrologer in the story. What insights does his character provide about the theme of fate versus free will? Answer: In the story "Tiger King" by Kalki Krishnamurthy, the chief astrologer plays a pivotal role in shaping the plot and conveying essential insights about the theme of fate versus free will. The chief astrologer is introduced as a wise and mysterious character who predicts the Maharaja's death, stating that he will be killed by a tiger. Despite the king's disbelief and attempts to avoid the prophecy, the astrologer remains steadfast in his prediction. His unwavering conviction in the power of fate and destiny serves as a constant reminder of the theme throughout the narrative. Insights provided by the chief astrologer's character about the theme of fate versus free will include: 1. The Inevitability of Fate : The astrologer's prophecy and subsequent fulfillment of the king's death by a tiger reinforce the idea that some events in life are predestined and unavoidable. This suggests that there are forces beyond human control, and certain aspects of life are governed by fate. 2. The Limitations of Free Will : Despite the Maharaja's attempts to manipulate events and prove the astrologer wrong, he cannot escape his fate. The character of the chief astrologer showcases the limitations of free will, as human actions may not always alter the course of predetermined events. 3. Acceptance and Humility : The chief astrologer's composed demeanor and unwavering belief in fate represent acceptance and humility in the face of the unknown. His character encourages readers to embrace the unpredictability of life and be humble in acknowledging the things that lie beyond human understanding and control. 4. The Interplay Between Belief and Reality : The character of the chief astrologer highlights the interplay between beliefs and reality. The king's skepticism and arrogance clash with the astrologer's profound belief in his prediction. In the end, the astrologer's prophecy comes true, suggesting that one's beliefs, whether in fate or free will, can influence their actions and experiences. 5. A Lesson in the Complexity of Life : The chief astrologer's character adds depth to the story by portraying life as a tapestry of intricate connections and outcomes. It reminds readers that the paths of fate and free will are intricately woven together, and both play a role in shaping one's life journey. Overall, the chief astrologer in "Tiger King" serves as a conduit for exploring the delicate balance between fate and free will. His unwavering prediction and the subsequent events in the story challenge readers to ponder the mysteries of existence, the role of destiny in human lives, and the significance of acceptance and humility in the face of life's uncertainties. 3. What symbolic significance does the tiger hold in the story "Tiger King"? How does it relate to the themes of conservation and balance in nature? Answer: In the story "Tiger King" by Kalki Krishnamurthy, the tiger holds significant symbolic significance and relates to the themes of conservation and balance in nature. 1. Symbolic Significance of the Tiger: The tiger symbolizes various aspects throughout the story. It represents power, strength, and the untamed forces of nature. The tiger is often associated with fear and danger, reflecting the Maharaja's insecurities and the unpredictability of life. Additionally, the tiger is a recurring motif, embodying the prophecy that the cause of the Maharaja's death will be a tiger. It becomes a symbol of fate and destiny, underscoring the story's exploration of the interplay between fate and free will. Moreover, the tiger's role as the hundredth tiger, unexpectedly found in the form of a wooden toy, adds a touch of irony, highlighting the complexities and twists of destiny. 2. Themes of Conservation and Balance in Nature: The story also touches on themes of conservation and the delicate balance in nature. The Maharaja's obsession with tiger hunting leads to a drastic reduction in the tiger population in his kingdom. His unchecked desire for power and control disrupts the ecological balance, causing chaos and fear among both the tiger population and the people. The proclamation banning tiger hunting by anyone except the Maharaja reflects his attempt to assert authority over nature, but it only leads to unintended consequences. This depletion of tigers in his realm ultimately forces him to seek tigers in his father-in-law's state, contributing to a similar disruption of balance there. This portrayal highlights the importance of preserving wildlife and maintaining ecological harmony, urging readers to consider the consequences of human actions on the natural world. In summary, the tiger in "Tiger King" serves as a multifaceted symbol, representing power, fate, and the untamed aspects of nature. It also plays a crucial role in illustrating the themes of conservation and the delicate balance in nature. 4. How does the story "Tiger King" reflect the concept of karma and the consequences of one's actions? Answer: The story "Tiger King" reflects the concept of karma, which means that our actions have consequences that come back to affect us. In the story, the Maharaja is told by an astrologer that he will die because of a tiger. To avoid this fate, he becomes obsessed with killing tigers. However, his actions lead to the depletion of tiger populations and disrupt the balance of nature. Despite his efforts to avoid the prophecy, he eventually meets his tragic end when a wooden toy tiger, meant as a gift for his son, causes his death. This shows that our actions have consequences, and trying to escape the results of our actions may not always work. The story serves as a reminder that we should be mindful of our actions and treat others and nature with care, as what goes around comes around. 5. How does the story explore the theme of power and its corrupting influence on Maharaja? Answer: The story delves into the theme of power and its corrupting influence on the Maharaja. As the ruler of Pratibandhpuram, the Maharaja holds absolute power, which fuels his desire for control and validation. His obsession with tiger hunting becomes a means to exhibit his authority and strength, as he seeks to prove himself invincible. The unlimited power bestowed upon him results in reckless decision-making, such as banning tiger hunting by others and imposing taxes on a village out of anger. This unchecked power blinds him to the consequences of his actions and leads to the loss of jobs for his officers. The story serves as a cautionary tale, highlighting the dangers of absolute power and the importance of responsible leadership, where power must be wielded with wisdom and empathy. 6. Analyze the symbolic significance of the wooden toy tiger in the story. How does its role as the hundredth tiger add depth to the theme of fate and the consequences of one's actions? Answer: The wooden toy tiger holds significant symbolic importance in the story. It represents the ultimate irony and twist of fate, serving as the hundredth tiger in the Maharaja's obsession with tiger hunting. The wooden toy, meant to be a harmless gift for his son's birthday, becomes the unintended instrument of the Maharaja's downfall. This twist adds depth to the theme of fate, illustrating that destiny can manifest in unexpected and ironic ways. It also emphasizes the consequences of one's actions, as the Maharaja's relentless pursuit of tiger hunting leads to an ironic and fatal outcome. The wooden toy tiger showcases the complexities of life, where the smallest of actions can have profound and unforeseen repercussions, reflecting the unpredictability of destiny. 7. Reflect on the character development of the Maharaja throughout the story. How does his obsession with tiger hunting reveal his inner conflicts and insecurities? Answer: The character development of the Maharaja in the story shows a transformation from an ordinary young ruler to an obsessed and insecure king. Initially, he is portrayed as an extraordinary child, but his insecurity about the prophecy of his death by a tiger drives him to take extreme measures to avoid his fate. His obsession with tiger hunting is a manifestation of his inner conflicts, where he seeks to prove his invincibility and assert control over his destiny. The tiger hunts become a way for him to validate his self-worth and prove himself as a powerful ruler. However, his continuous pursuit of tiger hunting highlights his underlying fear and vulnerability, leading to impulsive and reckless decisions. This inner conflict between his desire for validation and his fear of the prophecy ultimately shapes his tragic fate. 8. Analyze the impact of the Maharaja's impulsive nature on his decision-making and the kingdom's governance. Answer: The Maharaja's impulsive nature significantly impacts his decision-making and the governance of the kingdom. He acts on whims and emotions rather than considering the consequences of his actions. His impulsive decision to impose a tax increase on the village, out of frustration over not finding the hundredth tiger, reflects his lack of rationality and empathy towards his people. His refusal to leave the forest until the tiger is found leads to a prolonged and reckless pursuit, causing unrest and chaos among his officers and subjects. The kingdom's governance suffers as many officers lose their jobs, and the Maharaja's impulsive actions lead to an atmosphere of fear and unpredictability. This impulsive behavior highlights the dangers of hasty decisions in a ruler and emphasizes the need for sound judgment and thoughtfulness in governance. The Third Level Q1. What would have Sam done in Galesburg for his living? Why? [CBSE 2020] Ans: In the story "The Third Level" by Jack Finney, Sam, the protagonist's friend and psychiatrist, would have set up a business selling hay, feed, and grain in Galesburg. The story implies this because in the note he left for the protagonist, Sam mentioned that he had found the third level and that he would be starting a nice little hay, feed, and grain business. This indicates that Sam's true passion was to be in the farming or agricultural business, and he saw the opportunity to fulfill that dream in the past, specifically in Galesburg, Illinois, in the year 1894. Since he couldn't pursue this in the present time, going back to the past gave him a chance to pursue his desired profession. Q2. Why does Sam think that Charlie's visit to Galesburg is a “wakingdream wish fulfilment”? Explain. [CBSE Question Bank 2021] Sam believes Charlie's visit to Galesburg is a "waking-dream wish fulfillment" because Charlie has been expressing a desire to escape from the uncertainties and worries of the modern world. Going back to Galesburg in 1894 provides a way to fulfill that wish and find a peaceful and contented existence. Q3. ‘The Third Level’ belong to the Science Fiction genre of Time Travel. Explain. "The Third Level" by Jack Finney belongs to the genre of science fiction with elements of fantasy and time travel. The story presents a captivating blend of reality and imagination, exploring the concept of a hidden third level at Grand Central Station that allows time travel to the past. Instances from the story that support its classification as science fiction include the protagonist's discovery of a letter from 1894, the existence of the third level, and the possibility of traveling back in time through this mysterious passage. The story blurs the line between present and past, drawing readers into an alternate reality where the protagonist's friend, Sam, mysteriously disappears and communicates from the past. Additionally, the narrative weaves historical details into the plot, mentioning President Garfield's stamp and using authentic currency from 1894. These elements reinforce the story's science fiction theme by incorporating real-world elements into a fantastical and imaginative context. Overall, "The Third Level" is a thought-provoking and entertaining science fiction story that combines elements of time travel, historical references, and the exploration of human desires and aspirations in a captivating way. Q4. Why do you think Charley withdrew nearly all the money he had from the bank to buy old-style currency? [CBSE Question Bank 2021] Ans: Charley withdrew nearly all the money he had from the bank to buy old-style currency because he was determined to find and experience the third level at Grand Central Station. After receiving the note from his friend Sam, who claimed to have found the third level and was now living in 1894, Charley became intrigued and curious about the possibility of time travel. By acquiring old-style currency, Charley believed he could somehow access the past through the third level. He wanted to replicate Sam's experience and travel back to a different time, specifically the year 1894. Charley's decision to invest his money in old-style bills was driven by his strong desire to escape from the worries and uncertainties of the modern world and explore a simpler and more peaceful time in the past. Q5. How would you evaluate Sam’s character? Elucidate any two qualities, and substantiate with evidence from the text. Sam's character can be evaluated as adventurous and brave, as well as caring and thoughtful. 1. Adventurous and Brave: Sam's adventurous spirit is evident from the fact that he was willing to explore the mysterious third level at Grand Central Station, which ultimately led him to travel back in time to the year 1894. Despite the uncertainty and risks involved in such an endeavor, Sam took the leap and embarked on this extraordinary journey. His bravery is also reflected in the way he adapted to his new surroundings in the past and made a life for himself there. He didn't shy away from exploring a different era and making the most of his experiences. 2. Caring and Thoughtful: The evidence of Sam's caring and thoughtful nature can be seen in the note he left for Charley, the protagonist. In the note, Sam expresses his concern for Charley's happiness and invites him and Louisa to join him in the past. He doesn't want his friend to be burdened by the worries of the modern world and encourages him to continue searching for the third level. Sam's decision to communicate with Charley and extend the invitation to join him in 1894 demonstrates his thoughtful and caring nature, as he wants his friend to experience the same joy and contentment he has found in the past. In conclusion, Sam's character in "The Third Level" is characterized by his adventurous and brave spirit, which led him to explore the unknown, as well as his caring and thoughtful nature, which is evident in the way he reaches out to his friend and offers him the chance to experience the same happiness he has found in the past. Q6. At the beginning of the story, Sam is sceptical of Charley’s discovery of the third level. By the end of the story, the reader is told that he found the third level and travelled back in time. How would Sam diagnose himself? Ans: If Sam were to diagnose himself based on his experiences in the story, he would likely consider his time travel to the past and discovery of the third level as a form of "waking-dream wish fulfillment." This is because, at the beginning of the story, Sam is initially skeptical of Charley's claims about the third level and dismisses it as an escapist fantasy. He sees it as Charley's desire to escape from the complexities and challenges of the modern world. However, as the story progresses, Sam becomes more open-minded and curious about the possibility of the third level. He ultimately discovers the hidden passage himself and travels back to the year 1894. This transformation in his beliefs and experiences could lead him to realize that the third level represents a fulfilling and idealized version of the past, a place where he can find contentment and happiness. Sam might diagnose himself as having engaged in a form of wish fulfillment because the third level offers an escape to a simpler, more peaceful time where he can pursue his true passions and desires, such as starting a hay, feed, and grain business. It becomes a way for him to fulfill his deepest wishes and find a sense of fulfillment that he may not have had in his present reality as a psychiatrist in the modern world. Q7. Imagine that you come across Louisa’s diary. What might you find in it about the third level? Compose at least one diary entry based on any of the events from the story, ‘The Third Level’. [CBSE Question Bank 2021] Diary Entry: July 20, 2023 Dear Diary, Today has been an extraordinary day, and I can hardly believe what Charley and I have experienced. It all started with that mysterious note from Sam, Charley's friend and psychiatrist. He talked about this elusive "third level" at Grand Central Station, which supposedly leads to a different time - the year 1894! At first, I couldn't help but think it was all a wild imagination or a prank, but Charley's determination to find it intrigued me. We spent weeks searching, and today, Charley finally discovered the hidden corridor that led to the third level. As we stepped into the past, I couldn't help but feel a mix of excitement and trepidation. The scene that unfolded before us was like a dream - people dressed in nineteenth-century attire, gaslight illuminating the station, and the sound of an old-time locomotive in the distance. We met Sam, just as his note had suggested, and he seemed content and at ease in this simpler world. His excitement was infectious, and he invited us to join him in experiencing life in the past. The idea was both exhilarating and daunting, but the allure of a peaceful existence without the modern world's worries was tempting. As Charley and I stood there, surrounded by the charm of 1894, we couldn't help but wonder about the possibilities. The thought of starting anew, free from the burdens of the present, was enchanting. We didn't make a decision right away, but the experience left us longing for more. The third level holds a promise of a different life, one that may be worth exploring further. Until next time, Louisa Answers from all Lessons are being updated on a daily basis. Thanks for subscribing to this premium content. Keep Visiting the site. Recommended Reading The Third Level | CBE Questions | NCERT Solution | Board Exam 2024 (englishwithadifference.com) The Rattrap | NCERT Solution| CBE Based Questions | Board Exam 2024 (englishwithadifference.com) The Rattrap | NCERT Solution| CBE Based Questions | Board Exam 2024 (englishwithadifference.com) Journey To the End of the Earth |CBE Questions | NCERT Solution | Text Translation | Concept Videos (englishwithadifference.com)

English Core Competency-based Questions | Class 12 | CBSE Lessons Covered The Last Lesson Lost Spring Deep Water The Rattrap Indigo Poets and Pancakes The Interview Going Places My Mother At Sixty Six Keeping Quiet A Thing of Beauty For Solution to Competency-Based Questions , Visit here The Last Lesson Short-Answer Type Questions Q1. “Will they make them sing in German, even the pigeons?” A language loses its significance when it becomes the victim of colonial expansion. Justify with reference to the story. Q2. M. Hamel went on to talk of the French language, saying that it was the most beautiful language in the world — the clearest, the most logical.. Explain the emotions of M. Hamel attached to French language in this context. Q3. Suggest some instances given in the text that might raise a question about M. Hamel’s “faithful service” as a teacher. Q4. “I was amazed to see how well I understood it.” Why do you think Franz found the grammar lesson so easy to understand? Q5. Franz saw a huge crowd assembled in front of the bulletin board, but did not stop. How would you evaluate his reaction? Q6. Little Franz is the narrator of the story. The name ‘Franz’ means ‘from France’. In what way does the story being told as a first-person narrative of Franz impact your reading and understanding of the story? Provide at least one evidence from the text to support your opinion. Long Answer-Type Questions ( 5 Marks/ 120-150 words) Q1 Throughout the story, the reader encounters Franz’ account of how school usually was, and what it was like on the last day of class with M. Hamel. In what way can the story be seen as a comment on schooling in general? Do you think the story might also provide advice on what good education entails? Substantiate your argument with relevant instances from the text. Q2. M. Hamel distributed new copies that looked like little French flags, and ended the class with an emphatic “Vive La France!”. What do you think might have caused Hamel to demonstrate a sudden surge of patriotism in him? Explain with reference to the story. Q3. Language is the road map of a culture. It tells you where its people come from and where they are going. Justify this statement with reference how Hamel demonstrated his last lesson in the story. Q4. What impact did the Franco-Prussian War have on the school in the village of Alsace, France? Substantiate with reference to the text. Recommended Reading: The Last Lesson Lost Spring Short-Answer Type Questions Q1. ‘But promises like mine abound in every corner of his bleak world’. Explain the context in which the statement was said. Q2. Why do you think the metaphor 'gold' is used in relation to garbage in the story? Explain with reference to the story. Q3. Rag picking has accomplished itself as a skill and form of art in Seemapuri. What factors are responsible for abject poverty among the slum dwellers? Q4. One person’s trash is another person’s treasure. Discuss the statement in the light of Saheb's rag picking. Q5. Why was the author’s advice to Saheb to go to school considered as ‘hollow’? Q6. Saheb’s full name, Saheb-e-Alam, means ‘lord of the universe’. Explain the irony involved in the statement. Q7. Why do you think the author uses a hyperbole when he says that in Firozabad, families make ‘bangles for all the women in the land? Q8. Do you think Mukesh can contradict the author's claim of his dream looming like a mirage? Give a reasoned answers. Q9. ‘She still has bangles on her wrist, but no light in her eyes.’ Mention the health hazards in working in badly lit and poorly ventilated furnaces. Q10. Write two instances to prove that the young men echo the lament of their elders in Firozabad. Long Answer-Type Questions Q1.Poverty is not just lack of money; it is not having the capability to realise one’s full potential as a human being. (Amartya Sen). Justify the statement in the light of realising Saheb's & Mukesh's potentials in life. Q2. War and conflict displace people from their homes/ nations. How is this relevant for Saheb & his family? Q3. Mukesh insists on being his own master. ‘‘I will be a motor mechanic’’, he announces. Why do you think the author does not agree with Mukesh in this context? Do you think Mukesh can realise his dream one day? Q4. Explain the societal problem in which the bangle makers of Firozabad are caught in Anees Jung’s ‘Lost Spring’. Q5. How does the story, ‘Lost Spring’ highlight the apathy of society and those in power to end the vicious cycle of poverty? Support your answer with textual evidence. Q6. God-given lineage condemn thousands of children to a life of abject poverty and interfere in realizing their dreams. How has this been issue been portrayed in the story? Do you think Mukesh can be an exception in this regard? Justify your answer with reference to your reading of Mukesh's character traits. Recommended Reading: Lost Spring Deep Water Short-Answer Type Questions Q1.Getting rid of fear is an extremely difficult task. Elucidate with reference to the chapter “Deep Water”. Q2. Describe both the physical and emotional impacts that the misadventure at the YMCA pool had on the narrator. Q3. “My introduction to the Y.M.CA. swimming pool revived unpleasant memories and stirred childish fears.” Describe the author's nightmarish experience. Q4. How did Douglas remove his residual doubts about his fear of water? Q5. How did Douglas make his terror flee with his visit to Lake Wentworth in New Hampshire? Long Answer-Type Questions Q1.Roosevelt said, ‘All we have to fear is fear itself.’ Discuss the role of the swimming instructor & the narrator's subsequent efforts in conquering his fear of water. Q2. “My introduction to the Y.M.CA. swimming pool revived unpleasant memories and stirred childish fears.” Discus the significance of the references to the natural world in the chapter “Deep Water”. Q3. There are instances older children bullying younger ones, especially in school scenarios. How would you relate this practice to William Douglas’ experience at the Y.M.C.A. swimming pool? What is the attitude of the modern youth being reflected through such incidents? Explain. The Ratrap Short-Answer Type Questions Q1.How does the peddler’s conception of the world as a rattrap breed in his mind? Q2. Despite his philosophical insights, the vagabond fails to resist temptations. What would you attribute this to? Explain with reference to any instance from the text. Q3. Why did the peddler knock on the cottage by the roadside? How was he treated by the owner of the cottage? Q4. Why did Edla invite the peddler to stay with her family? Q5. ‘The man was just as generous with his confidences as with his porridge and tobacco.’ What was the outcome of this? Q6. Why did the peddler not reveal his identity to the ironmaster? Justify your answer. Q7. How did the identity of the peddler brought to light? Q8.How did the peddler realise that he himself had fallen into the rattrap? Give an example to support your answer. Q9. What made the peddler accept Edla Willmansson’s invitation? Explain. Q10. Why do you think the peddler felt unwonted joy to think ill of the world? Q11.Why was Edla so kind towards the peddler even after he was discovered? Q12.How did the peddler react after the ironmaster discovered that he was not the Captain? Q13. How did the peddler pay his gratitude to ironmaster & his daughter? Q14. What kind of hospitality was extended to the peddler on his visit to the ironmaster's house? Long Answer-Type Questions (5 Marks) How did the concept of 'bait' illustrated through the character peddler in the story? Explain with the help of instances given in the story. Both the crofter & Edla Wilmanson were kind towards the peddler. But the peddler's attitude towards the both was a mismatch. Why do you think Edla was more persuasive than the crofter in the transformation of the peddler? Make a comparative answer with instances from the text. Trust is a difficult choice, which may or may not be rewarded. Examine this statement in the light of peddler's action with respect to the crofter & the ironmaster. The story also focuses on human loneliness and the need to bond with others. To what extent do you think is the society responsible for man's predicament. Justify your answer in respect to the treatment meted out to the peddler from the lesson 'Rattrap' & Derry from 'On the Face of It.' The peddler's instance calls for a need to integrate people from the marginalized sections into the mainstream society. Justify the statement with respect to Edla's demonstration of love, compassion and charity. Recommended Reading: The Rattrap Indigo Short-Answer Type Questions Q1.The peasants were themselves the most crucial agents in the success of the Champaran Civil Disobedience. Expand. Q2. How did Gandhiji begin his mission in Champaran? Q3. Gandhi was a lawyer himself. Examine how his professional expertise helped in Champaran. Q4. How did Gandhiji tell the court that he was involved in ' a conflict of duties'? Q5. What were the terms of the indigo contract between the British landlords and the Indian farmers? Q6. 'The battle of Champaran is won.' When and why did Gandhi utter these words? Q7. What made the Lieutenant Governor drop the case against Gandhi? Long Answer-Type Questions Q1.Describe Gandhiji's contribution for social & cultural upliftment of the people of Champaran? Q2. Explain the possible reasons for Gandhi’s quick popularity among the peasants of Champaran. Q3. What according to Gandhi is self-reliance? How can one be self-reliant? Justify with reference to the lesson 'Indigo' by Louis Fischer. Q4. Gandhi was impressed by the sharecropper's tenacity and this led to a series of events which led to a series of events with a far-reaching impact on our freedom struggle. Discuss. Q5. Gandhi's focus was more on making the peasant free from fear. How is fear a deterrent for the people to realise their true potential? Illustrate your answer with respect to the peasants and William Douglas in the lesson ' Deep Water. Recommended Reading: Indigo Poets & Pancakes Short Questions ( 2 Marks) Q1. What kind of effect does Asokamitran’s style of writing have on the reader?  Q2. Discuss the significance of the make-up room in the chapter, ‘Poets and Pancakes’.  Q3. ‘In all instances of frustration, you will always find the anger directed towards a single person openly or covertly…’ Do you think it is right to direct our anger towards someone who is not responsible for the cause of anger? Justify. Q4. The people left in ‘utter bafflement’ after the English poet’s speech. Mention two things the speaker could have kept in mind before addressing an audience to avoid such a reaction. Give your rationale for it. Q5. Why was the make-up department significant in Gemini Studios? Q6.  How does Asokamitran use humour to describe the make-up boy? Q7.  Why did the English poet’s speech leave the audience baffled? Q8. How did the Moral Re-Armament (MRA) group impact Gemini Studios? Q9. In the story 'Poets and Pancakes', why does the narrator say that film-making was very easy with a man like Subbu around? Q10. Why does the narrator say that the Moral Re-Armament army's only acquaintance with animals was at the dinner table? Answer in 40–50 words. Long Answer Questions ( 5 Marks) Q1. Imagine Asokamitran witnesses a film shooting and visits a film set of presentday Bollywood. As Asokamitran write a diary entry penning down the transformation you notice between film making of yesteryears and today. Q2. After reading this story, you are impressed by the author’s use of gentle humour to point out human foibles. Evaluate whether using such humour contributes towards bringing about change in people’s attitude and accepting their foibles. The Interview Q1. What according to Umberto Eco is the belief that most journalists and publishers have ?  ( All India 2024 | Set 1/1/1) Q2. Did Umberto Eco like to be identified as a novelist ? Give reasons in support of your answer. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1) Q3. Imagine you are Mukund Padmanabhan (The Interview) and you interviewed M. Hamel, after he had finished delivering the last lesson (The Last Lesson). Write a paragraph on Hamel’s views on individual responsibility and nationalism. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/2/2) Q4. Umberto Eco (The Interview) has a talk with Danny Casey from the story “Going Places”. Danny, being a football prodigy, feels his popularity may affect his game as he can’t devote much time to it. What advice will Umberto Eco give Danny about time management ? Write a paragraph on the interaction between the two and the advice given by Umberto Eco. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/3/1 ) Q5. What do you understand by “interstices”? How does Umberto Eco utilize his interstices ? (All India 2024 | Set 1/3/1) Q6. Stephen Spender’s visit to the Gemini Studios was viewed as an unexplained mystery by the Gemini family. How did Asokamitran solve this mystery years later ? ( All India 2024 | set 1/3/1) Going Places   1 . Why did Sophie wish to delve more deeply in her brother's affections? 2. Fantasizing and unrealistic dreams sometimes lead to disappointment and disillusionment. Discuss this with reference to the story Going Places. (120-150 Words/ 5 Marks) Q3. What inference can you draw about Sophie’s relationship with her father from the story ‘Going Places’? (All India 2024 | set 1/1/1) Q4. Bring out the contrast between Jansie and Sophie in the story ‘Going Places’. (All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1) Q5. The lesson ‘The Rattrap’ is both entertaining and philosophical. Do you agree with the statement? Give reasons. (All India 2024 | Set 1/2/1) Q6. ‘Resignation was no sudden thing’. What is the implication of this remark in the context of Sophie’s character? ( All India 2024 | Set 1/3/1) Q7. ‘Soaf, you really should be sensible !’ What does Jansie’s advice to her friend Sophie reveal about their friendship? ( All India 2024 | Set 1/4/1) Q8. After reading ‘Aunt Jennifer’s Tiger’ and ‘Going Places’, you realize that Aunt Jennifer and Sophie’s mother have been subdued by their respective husbands. As a social activist you have to write an article to a newspaper on the need to empower women. ( All India 2024 | Set 1/4/1) You may begin like this. Empowerment of women is a very essential social reform. It needs to be accelerated for any nation to progress……. Sample Questions with Answers My Mother At Sixty Six Short Questions ( 2 Marks/ 30-40 words) Q1. The pain of separation is expressed both literally and metaphorically in this poem. Elucidate. Q2. Comment on the tone of the poem with references to “My Mother at Sixty Six”. Q3. Imagery was an effective literary device to bring out the contrast between the “merry children” and mother. Comment. Q4. The poet does not directly mention the fear of her mother’s death and yet she is successfully able to convey the same through different poetic techniques. Discuss. Q5. Justify the statement below with reference to the poem 'My Mother at Sixty Six' 'Being conscious of our mortality helps us cherish our moments with each other.' Q6. In the poem 'My Mother at Sixty Six', the poet hides her emotions from her mother. Do you think it was right of her to do so? Long Answer-Type Questions ( 5 Marks | 120-150 Words) Q1. Imagine the mother gets to know of the poet persona’s fears. Write a letter, as the mother, telling the daughter why she must not dwell on these fears. You may begin this way: Q2. Imagine you are the poet’s friend. Write a dialogue exchange between yourself and the poet where the latter confides in you about her fears and asks for your advice. What would your advice be –to face her fears, to ignore them or something else? Keeping Quiet Q1. What does the poet mean by 'green wars' in the poem 'Keeping Quiet'? Q2. Explain what the poet of 'Keeping Quiet' means in the lines below. What does he want us to learn from this? Perhaps the Earth can teach us as when everything seems dead and later proves to be alive. Q3. In a world that is constantly running after ‘more’ chasing the next new thing, would it be fair to think of Neruda’s call as merely a fanciful idea? Q4. The world has become a global village, and people across boundaries, nationalities and communities are now connected to one another. With the advancement of technology, and the advent of social media, do you think that the task of keeping quiet, as envisaged by Neruda, has become easier or more complicated? Justify your stance. LONG ANSWER-TYPE | 5 MARKS | 120-150 WORDS Q1. Why has the poet of 'Keeping Quiet' mentioned the concept of death? Justify with any two reasons whether the thought of death helps people live a meaningful life or not. Answer in 120–150 words. Q2. It could be said that the poem ‘Keeping Quiet’ presents the poet’s philosophy for a different kind of world. If you were asked to highlight elements of Neruda’s vision that resonate in your specific social, political and cultural context, which three main ideas would you engage with? Use relevant textual details to support your analysis. A Thing of Beauty Q1. Rich with a sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms: And such too is the grandeur of the dooms Why is the ‘grandeur of the dooms’ being compared to 'musk-rose blooms' in ‘A Thing of Beauty’? Q2. If you were given an opportunity to share your perception of beauty, what would you say? Explain. Q3. ‘Beauty is best left undefined’. Support your position on this statement with your rationale, coupled with ideas in the poem. Q4. Artists, singers and musicians have a different perception of beauty as compared to people who are in other professions. Comment. LONG ANSWER-TYPE QUESTIONS | 5 MARKS | 120-150 WORDS Q1. In the poem 'A Thing of Beauty', the poet has mentioned several attributes of beautiful things. Write about one beautiful thing/relationship/experience from your life and describe any two of its attributes. Q2. Why are things of beauty not fleeting pleasures, according to the poet of ‘A Thing of Beauty’? How does this relate to the imagery of ‘an endless fountain of immortal drink’? Q3. We have often heard the phrase: ‘Beauty is skin deep’. In spite of that, we often see people idolising actors and celebrities who are good looking and attractive. You have a conversation regarding this with your friend who believes that physical beauty defines a person. Write down that conversation. Q4. You are a blogger who loves to record travel stories. You recently visited a picturesque location and you were enamoured by its beauty. Pen down the post for your blog giving vivid descriptions of the natural beauty of this place. Supplement your writing with Keats’ ideas about beauty. A Roadside Stand Short Answer Type Questions | 2 Marks | 40-50 Words Q1. Suggest two ways to help the roadside owners in 'A Roadside Stand'. Q2. Explain the phrase 'trusting sorrow' in the context of the below lines from the poem 'A Roadside Stand'. The hurt to the scenery wouldn’t be my complaint So much as the trusting sorrow of what is unsaid: Here far from the city we make our roadside stand And ask for some city money to feel in hand. Q3. Though money holds the same value everywhere, the poet draws a distinction between city money and country money. Elaborate. Q4. The roadside stand and the moving cars are a contrast around which the entire poem is woven. Expound Q5. Comment on the significance of the symbol of the car in the poem. Q6. Does the poet reach a conclusive solution for the issue at hand? Discuss. Long Answer Type Questions | 5 Marks | 120-150 Words Q1. Imagine a car stops and actually buys from the roadside stand. Keeping in mind the reaction you think the peasants would have, write a diary entry as the farmer describing not only your immediate experience but also your after-thoughts on being able to earn “city-money”. You may begin this way: Wednesday, 2nd March XX 9 PM We had an unexpectedly good day today!... Q2. Imagine a child from the farmer’s family migrates to the city for their education. As the child, write back to your family telling them whether you would or would not want to turn into a city-person. Use the context of the poem “A Roadside Stand” in mind to pen down this letter. You may begin this way: 12, Davidson County 23 January ‘XX Dear Mom, I have been thinking about the roadside stall lately. Now that I find myself surrounded by city-people all the time, I think…………………………………….. With love Jennifer Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers

"Unleashing Success: Mastering Board Exams with Insights from 2019 to 2024 '' 2024-2019 (Board-PYQs-English) 👇Lessons Hyperlinks for Quick Access👇 The Last Lesson Indigo Lost spring Rattrap Going Places Aunt Jennifer's Tigers Journey To The End of the Earth The Third Level The Tiger King On the Face of It The Enemy The Last Lesson Q1. When do the residents of Alsace realize how precious their language is to them? The residents of Alsace realize how precious their language is to them when M. Hamel announces that the order has come from Berlin to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. This revelation occurs during M. Hamel's last French lesson, marking the end of French language instruction. The news shocks the students and the villagers present in the school, making them aware of the imminent loss of their language. The realization dawns upon them that holding onto their language is crucial, as it is a key to preserving their identity and resisting the cultural assimilation imposed by the occupying Prussians. Q2. What was Franz's feeling as he set out for school and why? Franz's feeling as he set out for school was a mixture of dread and fear. He was particularly anxious about M. Hamel's announcement that there would be a question on participles, a topic he knew nothing about. The fear of a scolding and the pressure of the upcoming examination made Franz briefly consider skipping school and enjoying the beautiful day outdoors. However, Franz ultimately resists the temptation and decides to go to school despite his apprehensions. Q3. Why was M. Hamel dressed in formal clothes in school? M. Hamel was dressed in formal clothes in school because it was his last lesson before leaving Alsace. He wore his beautiful green coat, frilled shirt, and a little black silk cap, all embroidered. This attire was reserved for special occasions like inspections and prize days. M. Hamel's formal dressing on this particular day symbolized the significance and solemnity of the occasion, marking the end of his forty years of faithful service as a teacher in Alsace. Q4. The last lesson reflects the flaws in human character that led to the sad plight of people in Alsace. Substantiate your answer with evidence from the text. The text suggests the flaws in human character that contributed to the sad plight of the people in Alsace. M. Hamel, in his final lesson, points out the procrastination and neglect of learning among both the students and their parents. He mentions how everyone, including himself, had put off learning, thinking they had plenty of time. The teacher acknowledges his own role in diverting students from studies, such as sending them to water flowers or giving holidays for fishing. Moreover, the mention of the old men of the village sitting in the back of the room with regretful expressions indicates a collective sense of remorse. Their failure to prioritize education and language learning contributed to the vulnerability of the community when faced with the imposition of German as the sole language of instruction. Overall, the text suggests that personal shortcomings, including procrastination and a lack of commitment to education, played a part in the cultural and linguistic crisis faced by the people of Alsace. Q5. Explain the inference that can be drawn from the line : “Will they make them sing in German, even the pigeons ?” ( All India 2024/ Set 1/5/1) Ans: The line “Will they make them sing in German, even the pigeons?”  reflects the speaker’s frustration with the forced imposition of German on French villagers. It suggests the absurdity of the situation, as if the Prussians aim to control everything, even nature, symbolizing the villagers' helplessness at losing their language and identity. My Mother At Sixty-Six What are the feelings of the poet about her aged mother with reference to the poem ‘My Mother at Sixty Six’ ? Indigo (2023-2022) Q1. Describe the role of Raj Kumar Shukla in Indigo. Ans: Raj Kumar Shukla played a crucial role in the Champaran episode related to the indigo cultivation issue. He was a sharecropper from Champaran who approached Gandhi during the 1916 Indian National Congress party convention. Shukla, representing the grievances of indigo sharecroppers, persistently requested Gandhi to visit Champaran and address the injustice of the landlord system. Shukla's determination and continuous presence alongside Gandhi influenced him to eventually agree to visit Champaran. Shukla served as a catalyst in drawing Gandhi's attention to the plight of the peasants, leading to Gandhi's involvement in the Champaran struggle against the oppressive indigo plantation system. Q2. Champaran Episode as the Beginning of Indian Struggle for Independence . The Champaran episode is considered the beginning of the Indian struggle for independence because it marked Mahatma Gandhi's first organized act of civil disobedience against British rule in India. In 1917, Gandhi, in response to the plight of indigo sharecroppers, led a nonviolent protest against oppressive British landlords in Champaran, Bihar. This was a pivotal moment as it demonstrated Gandhi's method of nonviolent resistance and mass mobilization against unjust colonial policies. The success of the Champaran movement showcased the power of nonviolent civil disobedience, inspiring subsequent movements against British rule. It laid the foundation for Gandhi's philosophy of Satyagraha and provided a template for the larger independence struggle, setting a precedent for peaceful resistance against colonial oppression. Q3. Why did Gandhi agree to a settlement of twenty-five percent refund to the peasants? Gandhi agreed to a settlement of twenty-five percent refund to the peasants in the Champaran indigo issue as a pragmatic compromise. When the British planters offered to refund only 25 percent of the money extorted from the sharecroppers, Gandhi surprisingly accepted the offer. Despite the expectations that he would demand full repayment, Gandhi prioritized the symbolic victory over the monetary amount. By accepting the 25 percent refund, he aimed to break the deadlock and emphasize the landlords' obligation to surrender part of the money, thus diminishing their prestige. For Gandhi, the essence lay in establishing the principle that the landlords were accountable and that the peasants had rights and defenders. Q4. Civil Disobedience had triumphed for the first time in modern India. When and how did it happen? (120-150 words/ 5 Marks) The triumph of civil disobedience in modern India occurred during the Champaran episode. In 1917, when Gandhi was summoned to court for his refusal to leave Champaran and received a notice to quit the region, he disobeyed the order. Facing a potential legal battle, Gandhi declared his guilt and was prepared to face the consequences. However, a spontaneous demonstration by thousands of peasants in support of Gandhi outside the courthouse created a situation where the authorities felt powerless without his cooperation. The officials requested a delay in the trial, and eventually, the Lieutenant-Governor ordered the case to be dropped. This marked the first instance of civil disobedience succeeding against the British authorities in modern India, establishing a precedent for future nonviolent resistance. Q5. What does Gandhi refer to as ‘conflict of duties’? Ans: Gandhi refers to the ' conflict of duties ' when he explains his refusal to obey the order to leave Champaran immediately. On one hand, he felt a duty not to set a bad example as a lawbreaker, and on the other hand, he was committed to rendering "humanitarian and national service" for the distressed peasants. Gandhi believed that his disobedience was not a disregard for lawful authority but an obedience to the higher law of conscience, emphasizing the moral and ethical dimensions of his actions. This 'conflict of duties' highlights Gandhi's philosophy of balancing legal obligations with a higher moral duty to serve humanity and fight against injustice. Q6. What would be the impact of synthetic indigo on the prices of natural indigo? Ans: The landlords in Champaran compelled sharecroppers to cultivate indigo as the chief commercial crop. However, when Germany developed synthetic indigo, the landlords obtained agreements from sharecroppers to release them from the 15 percent indigo cultivation arrangement. This suggests that the availability of synthetic indigo made the traditional cultivation less profitable or desirable. The shift to synthetic indigo would likely have led to a decline in demand for natural indigo, potentially affecting its prices negatively. The landlords sought compensation from sharecroppers for releasing them from the indigo arrangement, indicating a recognition of the changing economic dynamics due to the introduction of synthetic alternatives. 2022 Q7. What would be the impact of synthetic indigo on the prices of natural indigo? Ans: Refer to the above answer. Q8. What changes occurred in the lives of farmers after Gandhi's visit to Champaran? Ans: After Gandhi's visit to Champaran, several significant changes occurred in the lives of the farmers: 1. End of Indigo Sharecropping: The successful intervention by Gandhi and the subsequent inquiry led to a resolution of the issues faced by the indigo sharecroppers. The British planters agreed, in principle, to make refunds to the peasants, signaling the end of the oppressive indigo sharecropping system. 2. Empowerment and Liberation: The spontaneous demonstration by thousands of peasants in support of Gandhi marked the beginning of their liberation from fear of British authorities. This empowerment was a result of the nonviolent resistance led by Gandhi, showcasing the potential of civil disobedience in challenging colonial oppression. 3. Land Reversion to Peasants: Within a few years, the British planters abandoned their estates, and the land reverted to the peasants. This marked a significant shift in land ownership, giving the peasants control over the land they cultivated. 4. Cultural and Social Development: Gandhi recognized the cultural and social backwardness in Champaran villages. As part of his efforts to bring about immediate change, he appealed for teachers, and volunteers, including Gandhi's associates and their wives, started opening primary schools in six villages. This initiative aimed to address the educational needs of the community. 5. Health and Sanitation Improvement: Gandhi, during his stay, addressed health conditions by getting a doctor to volunteer services. Basic medical treatments were provided, and efforts were made to improve personal cleanliness and community sanitation. 6. Development of Self-Reliance: Gandhi's emphasis on self-reliance was evident when he opposed the idea of relying on an Englishman, Charles Freer Andrews, during the struggle. This instilled a sense of self-reliance among the local leaders, as highlighted by Rajendra Prasad's comments. In summary, Gandhi's visit to Champaran brought about a positive transformation in the lives of the farmers, leading to the end of oppressive practices, empowerment, and improvements in education, health, and self-reliance. Q9. How did Civil disobedience triumph for the first time in India? Ans: The triumph of civil disobedience for the first time in modern India is illustrated in the Champaran episode, as depicted in the story . Here's a detailed explanation: 1. Gandhi's Disobedience and Summons to Court: Gandhi, in response to the grievances of indigo sharecroppers in Champaran, refused to obey the order to leave the region, asserting his commitment to addressing the issues faced by the peasants. This act of civil disobedience by Gandhi, openly defying British authorities, led to his summons to appear in court for his refusal to comply with the order. 2. Spontaneous Peasant Demonstration: The news of Gandhi's summons spread quickly among the local peasants in Champaran. In a remarkable show of support and solidarity, thousands of peasants gathered outside the courthouse in a spontaneous demonstration, expressing their backing for Gandhi. 3. Authorities Powerless without Gandhi's Cooperation: Faced with the massive and united demonstration of the local population, the British authorities found themselves powerless to proceed without Gandhi's cooperation. The officials, feeling the strength of the united peasant front, requested a delay in the trial, indicating their recognition of the potential unrest and challenges they would face without Gandhi's cooperation. 4. Case Dropped and Triumph of Civil Disobedience: The Lieutenant-Governor, influenced by the situation and the support for Gandhi, ordered the case against him to be dropped. This marked the triumph of civil disobedience for the first time in modern India. Gandhi's refusal to obey the order and the subsequent overwhelming support from the local population forced the British authorities to concede, signaling the effectiveness of nonviolent resistance against colonial oppression. 5. Impact and Symbolism: The Champaran episode became a symbol of the power of civil disobedience and nonviolent resistance against British rule. It inspired confidence among Indians that peaceful mass mobilization could challenge and triumph over the seemingly unquestionable authority of the British colonial rulers. Conclusion: In essence, the Champaran episode represents the first successful instance of civil disobedience in modern India, as Gandhi's principled stand and the united support of the peasants compelled the British authorities to back down and drop the case against him. This event laid the groundwork for Gandhi's philosophy of Satyagraha and became a beacon for future movements in the Indian struggle for independence. Q10. Gandhiji worked for the social backwardness in Chamaparan villages. Elaborate with instances from the text. Ans: Gandhi's work in Champaran extended beyond addressing the economic grievances of the indigo sharecroppers. He also focused on alleviating the social and cultural backwardness in the villages. Several instances from the text highlight Gandhi's efforts in this regard: 1. Education Initiatives: Gandhi appealed for teachers to address the educational needs of the community in Champaran. Volunteers, including Gandhi's associates and their wives, responded to the call, and primary schools were opened in six villages. This initiative aimed to uplift the educational standards of the local population, contributing to the overall social development. 2. Focus on Personal Cleanliness and Community Sanitation: Kasturbai, Gandhi's wife, took on the role of teaching the ashram rules on personal cleanliness and community sanitation. This effort was a practical step toward improving hygiene practices and living conditions in the villages, addressing a crucial aspect of social well-being. 3. Health Improvement Measures: Gandhi noticed the poor health conditions in Champaran and took action to address them. A doctor volunteered his services for six months, offering medical assistance to the villagers. Basic medicines, including castor oil, quinine, and sulphur ointment, were provided to address common health issues, reflecting Gandhi's concern for the well-being of the community. 4. Empowerment of Women: Gandhi, recognizing the conditions of women in Champaran, addressed the issue of dirty clothes. He instructed Kasturbai to talk to women about improving cleanliness and hygiene. This intervention aimed at empowering women and enhancing their living conditions, contributing to the broader social upliftment. 5. Societal Transformation Through Education: Gandhi's emphasis on education went beyond academic learning; it included imparting values and principles for personal and community development. By establishing schools and promoting education, Gandhi sought to bring about a broader societal transformation, empowering individuals with knowledge and fostering a sense of responsibility and community. 6. Awareness of Latrine Maintenance: Gandhi, even from a distance, monitored the ashram and its activities in Champaran. He emphasized the importance of maintaining hygiene by instructing the filling of old latrine trenches and digging new ones. Conclusion : This directive reflected Gandhi's holistic approach to social development, considering even basic sanitary facilities as essential for community well-being. In summary, Gandhi's work in Champaran went beyond the economic aspects, encompassing initiatives to address social backwardness. Through education, health interventions, cleanliness campaigns, and empowerment efforts, he aimed to uplift the overall well-being of the Champaran villages, reflecting his commitment to holistic and sustainable social development. 2022 Q11. Gandhi effectively managed to redress the problems of the indigo sharecroppers with the Lieutenant Governor. What did he achieve? Ans: Gandhi, through persistent efforts, convinced the Lieutenant Governor to appoint an official commission of inquiry into the grievances of indigo sharecroppers in Champaran. This led to a resolution where landlords agreed, in principle, to refund 50% of the unjustly extorted money, marking a significant victory for the peasants. Q12.  Gandhi not only alleviated the economic conditions of the Champaran people but also their social and cultural background. Justify. Ans: Educational Reforms: Gandhi's commitment to social transformation in Champaran extended to addressing educational gaps. He appealed for teachers, leading to the establishment of primary schools, aiming to uplift the community's educational standards. Health and Hygiene Initiatives: Recognizing the poor health conditions, Gandhi took steps to improve healthcare. A volunteered doctor provided medical assistance, and basic medicines were distributed. Efforts to enhance personal cleanliness and community sanitation were also emphasized. Empowering Women: Gandhi's concern for women's conditions in Champaran manifested in instructions to address clothing issues. This initiative aimed at empowering women and improving their living conditions, contributing to broader societal upliftment. Self-Reliance and Holistic Transformation: Gandhi's emphasis on self-reliance went beyond economic aspects, fostering a holistic societal transformation. His vision integrated education, health, and empowerment initiatives, aiming to break social and cultural backwardness and create an inclusive and empowered community. Conclusion : The Champaran episode exemplifies Gandhi's multifaceted approach, not only addressing economic injustices but also laying the foundation for comprehensive social development. His initiatives formed an integral part of India's journey towards independence. 2020 Q. What was the contract between the sharecroppers of Champaran and their British landlords? Ans: 1. Mandatory Indigo Cultivation: The landlords required all tenants, who were sharecroppers, to plant a specific portion of their holdings with indigo. This was typically set at three twentieths or 15 percent of their total land. 2. Surrender of Entire Indigo Harvest: According to the contract, the sharecroppers were obligated to surrender the entire indigo harvest from the specified portion of their land to the landlords as rent. This was done under a long-term contractual arrangement. Lost Spring 2023 Q1. What vicious circle are the bangle-makers trapped in? The bangle-makers in Firozabad are trapped in a vicious circle involving middlemen, police, bureaucrats, and politicians. These middlemen exploit the poverty and helplessness of the bangle-making families, keeping them in a perpetual state of poverty. The lack of organization and leadership among the bangle-makers prevents them from breaking free from this cycle. The middlemen, along with other authorities, create a system that perpetuates their exploitation, making it difficult for the bangle-makers to improve their lives or escape from the clutches of poverty. Q2. The description of Seemapuri creates a very dismal picture. Explain Ans: Seemapuri is described as a place on the periphery of Delhi, inhabited by squatters who came from Bangladesh in 1971. The living conditions in Seemapuri are dismal, with structures made of mud, roofs of tin and tarpaulin, and a lack of basic amenities such as sewage, drainage, or running water. The 10,000 ragpickers who live in Seemapuri have no official identity or permits, but they manage to survive through ration cards that allow them to buy grain. The place is characterized by poverty, lack of infrastructure, and a struggle for survival, highlighting the harsh realities faced by those who have migrated and settled in such areas. Q3. Firozabad presents a strange paradox the beauty of the glass bangles and the misery of the people who make bangles. Discuss. (120-150 words/ 5 Marks) Firozabad encapsulates a poignant paradox where the aesthetic allure of glass bangles sharply contrasts with the pervasive misery of the individuals responsible for crafting these intricate ornaments. The town, renowned for its glass-blowing industry, produces bangles that epitomize vibrant hues and cultural significance, symbolizing auspiciousness in marriages. The craftsmanship involved in creating these adornments adds to their beauty, making them sought after across the country. However, this picturesque image unravels when one delves into the lives of the bangle-makers. These artisans, toiling in dingy cells without adequate light or ventilation, endure harsh conditions while creating these symbols of beauty. The narrative unveils the grim reality of child labor, where approximately 20,000 children work in the glass furnaces, exposed to high temperatures and risking the brightness of their eyes. The families involved in bangle-making, despite being an integral part of a renowned industry, live in squalor. Poverty, lack of education, and absence of basic amenities define their daily existence. The paradox lies in the stark dichotomy between the allure of the final product and the grim circumstances of those crafting it. Firozabad becomes a microcosm of the societal disparities, where the beauty of tradition is overshadowed by the exploitation and destitution of the very artisans preserving it. Q4. Why can the bangle-makers not organize themselves into a cooperative ? The bangle-makers cannot organize themselves into a cooperative due to the fear of legal repercussions. The young men in Firozabad express concern that even if they were to organize, they would be targeted by the police, beaten, and possibly sent to jail for engaging in what is considered illegal activities. This fear reflects the power dynamics and exploitation present in their working environment. The absence of a leader among them and the belief that even organized efforts would be met with legal consequences contribute to their reluctance to form a cooperative and break free from the exploitative system imposed by middlemen and authorities. Q5. ‘Lost Spring’ and ‘Indigo’ bring out how the common man is a victim of exploitation. Explain. Ans: Both "Lost Spring" and "Indigo" highlight the exploitation and victimization of the common man, especially in the context of socio-economic and cultural issues. 1. Economic Exploitation in 'Indigo' In "Indigo," the exploitation is evident in the relationship between the English landlords and Indian sharecroppers in Champaran. The landlords, owning large estates, forced the peasants to plant a significant portion of their land with indigo and surrender the entire harvest as rent. The landlords took advantage of the peasants' lack of awareness and literacy to secure agreements, later compensating them for the release of the indigo arrangement when synthetic indigo was introduced. The peasants were coerced and oppressed, facing the dilemma of signing agreements that they didn't fully understand. The landlords, backed by legal and physical force, perpetuated the economic exploitation. 2. Social and Cultural Exploitation in 'Lost Spring': In "Lost Spring," the focus is on the socio-economic conditions of ragpickers living in Seemapuri, a settlement of squatters on the outskirts of Delhi. The residents, originally from Bangladesh, lack official identities and live in abject poverty. They scavenge through garbage dumps for a living, highlighting their economic exploitation and marginalization. The story also touches upon the cultural exploitation as the ragpickers, despite living in the same city, remain invisible and excluded. They lack access to basic amenities like education, perpetuating a cycle of poverty. 3. Child Labor and Lack of Opportunities in 'Lost Spring': "Lost Spring" introduces characters like Saheb and Mukesh, who symbolize the exploitation of child labor. Saheb scrounges for gold in garbage dumps, and Mukesh works in a glass-blowing industry in Firozabad. Mukesh's dream of becoming a motor mechanic is overshadowed by the harsh reality of poverty, lack of education, and limited opportunities. The children are forced into labor due to economic conditions and social structures that deny them a chance for personal development. 4. Resistance and Change in 'Indigo': In "Indigo," resistance comes in the form of Mahatma Gandhi, who challenges the unjust system. His involvement in the Champaran episode illustrates how civil disobedience can be a powerful tool against economic exploitation. Gandhi's efforts lead to an official inquiry, exposing the exploitation by landlords, and ultimately a settlement that brings relief to the sharecroppers. This marks a significant shift in power dynamics and the beginning of liberation for the peasants. In summary, both stories shed light on the multifaceted exploitation faced by the common man, encompassing economic, social, and cultural dimensions. They emphasize the need for resistance, awareness, and collective efforts to bring about positive change and alleviate the plight of the marginalized. 2020 Q. Life of the bangle makers of Firozabad shows the grinding state of poverty and traditions that condemn thousands of people to live a life of misery. Elaborate Introduction: The depiction of life in Firozabad in "Lost Spring" unveils a stark reality – the relentless grip of grinding poverty on families engaged in the traditional occupation of bangle-making. This narrative sheds light on the hazardous working conditions, lack of education, and limited opportunities that generations of bangle makers face. Cycle of Poverty: The families, deeply entrenched in glass-blowing and bangle-making, find themselves trapped in a perpetual cycle of poverty. Despite their artistic contributions to culturally significant items, such as bangles, economic exploitation and societal norms prevent them from breaking free. Hazardous Working Conditions: The story highlights the dismal working conditions in which children, often losing their eyesight before adulthood, are forced to contribute to the family's meager income. The lack of awareness about legal protections perpetuates their exploitation. Societal Norms and Economic Exploitation: The tradition of making bangles, passed down through generations, becomes both a source of identity and a shackle. The families remain ensnared in poverty, unable to break free due to societal norms and economic exploitation by middlemen and sahukars. Call for Reforms: The narrative highlights the urgent need for social reforms, education, and economic empowerment to break the cycle of poverty that persists in traditional occupations like bangle-making. The lives of these bangle makers illuminate the broader issues of poverty and exploitation plaguing the common man. Deep Water What were Douglas' initial thoughts when he was pushed into the pool? Why did Douglas decide to go to the YMCA pool to learn swimming ? What handicap did Doughlas suffer from? How did he overcome that? 2020 How did William Douglas’s fear of water start ? The Rattrap Q1. Why was the peddler hesitant to accompany the ironmaster to the manor house? The peddler was hesitant to accompany the ironmaster to the manor house because he had initially deceived the ironmaster by pretending to be an old acquaintance named Captain von Stahle. The ironmaster mistook him for someone else, and the peddler was afraid that his true identity as a poor trader would be revealed. Additionally, he had stolen money from the old man's leather pouch in the cottage, and he feared facing consequences if he went to the manor house with the ironmaster. Q2. Edla is a contrast to her father, the ironmaster. Explain. (120-150 words/ 5 Marks) Edla, the daughter of the ironmaster, serves as a stark contrast to her father in terms of compassion, empathy, and social outlook. The ironmaster, driven by societal norms and skepticism, initially views the peddler with suspicion, assuming he is an old acquaintance. In contrast, Edla approaches the situation with a more humane perspective, recognizing the peddler's need for shelter and warmth. While the ironmaster represents a more rigid and class-conscious attitude, Edla exhibits a kind and open-hearted nature. Her actions, such as interceding for the peddler and insisting on his stay for Christmas Eve, reveal a willingness to see beyond societal stereotypes and extend help to those in need. Edla's compassionate demeanor challenges her father's initial judgment, emphasizing a stark generational and ideological difference between them. This contrast highlights the theme of kindness and humanity prevailing over social status and skepticism in the narrative. Q3. What made the ironmaster invite the peddler to his house ? The ironmaster invited the peddler to his house initially because he mistook him for an old regimental comrade named Captain von Stahle. Believing the peddler to be an acquaintance, the ironmaster thought it was only right to offer him shelter and hospitality, especially on Christmas Eve. However, once the ironmaster discovered the deception and the peddler's true identity, he was less pleased and wanted him to leave. Q4. Who was Edla Williamson ? Why did she visit the forge at night ? Edla Willmansson is the daughter of the ironmaster in the story. She represents a compassionate and empathetic character in contrast to her father's initial skepticism. Edla visited the forge at night to offer help and shelter to the peddler, a man she believed to be in need. This act of kindness stemmed from her understanding of the peddler's difficult life, as well as her desire to bring warmth and Christmas cheer to someone who seemed destitute. Q5. Why did the iron master compare Edla to a parson ? The ironmaster compared Edla to a parson because of her compassionate and charitable nature. He used the phrase when he said, "You do preach worse than a parson," in response to Edla's plea to let the peddler stay for Christmas Eve. The ironmaster acknowledged her inclination towards kindness and generosity, even though he may not have fully shared her sentiments initially. Q6. What made the peddler think that he had fallen into the trap? The peddler thought that he had fallen into the trap when he found himself lost in the confusing forest after stealing money from the old man's leather pouch. He had earlier compared the world to a rattrap, where people are enticed by baits, and once ensnared, everything comes to an end. Now, he realized that he had become a victim of his own analogy. The forest represented the trap closing in on him, and he felt trapped in an impenetrable prison from which he thought he could never escape. This situation made him reflect on his own thoughts about the world and its traps. 2022 Q. The iron master accuses the peddler of not being quite honest. What does the peddler say to justify the situation? The peddler, in response to the ironmaster's accusation of dishonesty, emphasizes several points to justify his actions. Firstly, he asserts that he had not pretended to be anything other than a poor trader. Furthermore, the peddler emphasizes that he had pleaded and begged to be allowed to stay in the forge. The act of pleading and begging suggests a vulnerability and a sincere desire for temporary shelter rather than a malicious intent. Lastly, the peddler presents the option of putting on his rags again and leaving. Going Places 1 . Why did Sophie wish to delve more deeply in her brother's affections? Ans: Sophie wished to delve more deeply into her brother's affections because she felt a sense of curiosity and longing for the world outside her immediate surroundings. Geoff, being older and working as an apprentice mechanic, represented a connection to a broader world that Sophie desired to explore. She sensed that Geoff had experiences and knowledge beyond her reach, and she wanted to be a part of that, breaking free from the limitations of her current life. 2. Fantasizing and unrealistic dreams sometimes lead to disappointment and disillusionment. Discuss this with reference to the story Going Places. (120-150 Words/ 5 Marks) Answers: In the story "Going Places," Sophie's fantasizing and unrealistic dreams serve as a central theme that leads to disappointment and disillusionment. Sophie dreams of having a boutique and compares herself to successful figures like Mary Quant. However, her family's financial constraints and the practicalities of life make achieving these dreams challenging. Her aspirations clash with the reality of her future earmarked for the biscuit factory. Similarly, Sophie's encounter with Danny Casey, a famous footballer, becomes a source of fantasy and excitement. However, when she waits for him by the canal, he doesn't show up, shattering her dreams. This highlights the contrast between her idealized vision and the harsh realities of life. The story underscores the notion that indulging in fantasies and unrealistic dreams can set one up for inevitable disappointment and disillusionment when confronted with the limitations and practicalities of the real world. Aunt Jennifer's Tigers 2023 Q1. Why do Aunt Jennifer's tigers not fear the men beneath the tree? Ans: Aunt Jennifer's tigers do not fear the men beneath the tree because they exist in a symbolic world created by Aunt Jennifer herself. The tigers represent her inner strength, desires, and aspirations. In this imaginary world, the tigers are confident and unafraid, reflecting Aunt Jennifer's longing for a life that is free from fear and oppression. Q2. Why did Aunt Jennifer create tigers so different from her own character? Ans: Aunt Jennifer created tigers that are different from her own character as a form of artistic expression and an escape from her reality. The tigers symbolize the strength, freedom, and power that she may have felt lacking in her own life. Through her art, Aunt Jennifer can manifest a world where she is not constrained by the societal expectations and the weight of her marriage. 2022 Q3. What does Aunt Jennifer symbolize in the poem 'Aunt Jennifer's Tigers'? Ans: Aunt Jennifer symbolizes a woman trapped in a stifling marriage and societal expectations. The poem suggests that she is subdued and burdened by the weight of her responsibilities, as indicated by the description of the massive weight of Uncle's wedding band on her hand. The poem portrays Aunt Jennifer as someone who seeks an outlet for her suppressed desires and finds solace in creating an artistic world through her needlework, where she can express her innermost thoughts and aspirations. The tigers in the poem symbolize the strength and freedom that Aunt Jennifer yearns for but cannot fully attain in her real life. Q4. Explain the irony at the end of the poem, "Aunt Jennifer's Tigers'. The irony lies in the fact that while Aunt Jennifer's artistic creation, the tigers, exude confidence and fearlessness, Aunt Jennifer's own life is marked by fear and subjugation. The tigers symbolize the strength and freedom she wishes for but cannot fully attain in her reality. The contrast between the fearless tigers in the artistic panel and Aunt Jennifer's fearful, burdened existence creates a poignant irony, highlighting the disparity between her imaginative world and the harsh realities of her life. Despite her artistic expression, Aunt Jennifer seems unable to break free from the constraints that define her existence. Q5. Explain the significance of the 'denizens pacing in sleek certainty' in the poem 'Aunt Jennifer's Tigers'. Ans: In "Aunt Jennifer's Tigers," the phrase "denizens pacing in sleek certainty" symbolizes Aunt Jennifer's artistic creation, representing her suppressed desires for strength and freedom. This imagery contrasts with her oppressed reality, emphasizing the power of art as an outlet for expressing unfulfilled aspirations and breaking free from societal constraints. Q6. The tigers in the panel that she made Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid. What is the tone of the poet reflected in the above lines ? Ans: The tone in the lines “The tigers in the panel that she made / Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid”  is one of admiration and contrast. The poet admires the tigers’ fearless, bold spirit, contrasting it with the oppressed, restrained life of the woman who created them, highlighting her unfulfilled desires for freedom and strength. Keeping Quiet Q1. What according to Pablo Neruda in the poem ‘Keeping Quiet’ is the lesson that we should learn from mother earth? Ans: In *"Keeping Quiet,"* Pablo Neruda suggests we learn resilience and renewal from Mother Earth. He observes how Earth, despite human exploitation, "appears to be dead" in moments of stillness, yet regenerates with new life. This reflects his message that, by pausing in silence, we too can achieve harmony and nurture positive change within ourselves and our surroundings. Q2. What is Pablo Neruda’s complaint against fishermen ? ( All India 2024 | Set 1/5/1) In "Keeping Quiet,"  Pablo Neruda criticizes fishermen for harming marine life, specifically by killing whales. His complaint reflects a broader concern about humanity’s destructive impact on nature. Neruda urges fishermen—and humanity at large—to pause and reflect on their actions, advocating for a moment of quiet to foster respect for all forms of life. Q3. Comparative Study between 'Keeping Quiet' & A Roadside Stand'. Imagine you are Pablo Neruda of ‘Keeping Quiet’. He advises Robert Frost in the context of his conflict and pain at the plight of the roadside stand owners. Pen down your advice in a letter to Robert Frost. You may begin. Dear Frost, You seem very pained at the plight of the roadside stand owners, and I would like to advise you… Ans: Dear Frost, You seem very pained at the plight of the roadside stand owners, and I would like to advise you to pause and reflect on the deeper implications of their struggles. In "Keeping Quiet," I emphasize the importance of silence and introspection, urging people to embrace stillness. This moment of quiet can reveal the underlying beauty and humanity of those who toil in the shadows. Consider how the roadside stand owners represent the marginalized voices of society. Their longing for recognition and fair treatment is a cry for connection, not just with customers but with a world that often overlooks their efforts. In your observations, remember that their pain speaks volumes about the larger social injustices we face. Encourage others to acknowledge their plight. Promote understanding and compassion, fostering a sense of community that transcends economic boundaries. As we remain silent, let us also become advocates for change, ensuring that their stories are heard and valued. By uniting our voices in support of those who suffer, we can inspire a movement toward empathy and justice. Together, we can create a world where every individual's contribution is appreciated, and where beauty, much like the vibrant roadside stands, can flourish amidst adversity. Warm regards, Pablo Neruda The Roadside Stand Q1. Who does the poet accuse of having double standards in The Roadside Stand? Ans: The poet accuses both the government and social service agencies of having double standards. Although they claim to uplift rural people, they exploit them instead. Phrases like "greedy good-doers" and "beneficent beasts of prey" indicate that these agencies, under the guise of providing help, are actually taking advantage of the rural poor, offering them little real benefit. Q2. What does the expression ‘polished traffic’ refer to? What does it reveal about city people? The expression "polished traffic" refers to the affluent city people driving by in their sophisticated cars. It suggests that these people are indifferent to the struggles of rural folk, viewing the roadside stands as a blemish on the landscape rather than as small businesses seeking support. This reveals the insensitivity of city people to the plight of the countryside, as they remain detached from and uninterested in rural poverty. Q3. A Roadside Stand is a social satire depicting the two contrasting worlds existing in society. Justify this statement with reference to the poem. ( 120-150 Words/ 5 Marks) Ans: In A Roadside Stand , Robert Frost highlights the stark contrast between rural poverty and urban affluence, using the roadside stand as a symbol of rural people’s desperate attempt to improve their lives. The rural folk, filled with "childish longing," set up stands in the hope that city people might stop and buy their goods. However, the polished traffic merely passes by, indifferent to their plight. This indifference underscores the isolation of the rural poor, as they watch in “almost open prayer” for customers who never arrive. Moreover, government and social agencies claim to help these people, but instead "enforce benefits" that strip away their independence, further highlighting the exploitation and broken promises they endure. Through this portrayal, Frost offers a social satire, emphasizing the insensitivity of the urban elite and the deceptive “good intentions” of authorities, revealing a divided society where the aspirations of the rural poor are overshadowed by urban privilege and hypocrisy. Poets & Pancakes  In the chapter ' Poets and Pancakes', the author has used gentle humour to point out human foibles. Pick out instances of this to show how it served to make the extract engaging. A Thing of Beauty  In the poem ' A Thing of Beauty' how is grandeur connected with the mighty dead? Ans: In *"A Thing of Beauty,"* Keats links grandeur with the "mighty dead" by celebrating the noble legacy of great individuals. He refers to “the endless fountain of immortal drink” that flows to us, symbolizing the eternal inspiration drawn from their heroic deeds. The grandeur of these figures lies in their lasting impact; their lives and achievements continue to uplift and inspire humanity, thus becoming a source of timeless beauty. Explain 'On every morrow are we wreathing.' In "On every morrow, are we wreathing," Keats conveys that each day, we actively gather beauty, symbolized by a "wreath." This ongoing effort connects us to nature and joy, providing solace amid despair. The line emphasizes beauty's transformative power, nurturing our spirits despite life's challenges. 2022 Q3.In What way do the things of beauty leave a lasting impression on us? Things of beauty leave a lasting impression by evoking profound emotions and fostering peace. In the poem, the "sun," "moon," "trees," and "daffodils" symbolize natural beauty that inspires joy and hope. Such imagery uplifts our spirits, as they remind us of life’s goodness, creating cherished memories amidst challenges. All India 2024 | Set I/5/1 Q4 How and why does Keats relate ‘mighty dead’ to the ‘Thing of Beauty’ ? ( A Thing of Beauty) Ans: In "A Thing of Beauty,"* Keats connects the "mighty dead" to beautiful things by honoring great figures of the past whose noble deeds continue to inspire. He mentions “the tales we have heard or read” of these legendary heroes, suggesting that their legacy is a source of enduring beauty. Through this connection, Keats highlights how the memory of their courage and achievements provides timeless inspiration, becoming part of life’s lasting beauty. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO POEMS ( COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS) …… but will keep A bower quiet for us. (A Thing of Beauty) Perhaps the Earth can teach us as when everything seems dead and later proves to be alive. (Keeping Quiet) Based on ideas from ‘Keeping Quiet’ and ‘A Thing of Beauty’, as President of Eco Club of your school. Draft a speech on the importance of preserving nature for the benefit of mankind. You may begin like this. Good morning to one and all ! After reading both the poems, I strongly believe ……………. ( ALL INDIA 2024 | SET 1/5/1) Ans: Good morning to one and all! After reading both the poems "A Thing of Beauty" by John Keats and "Keeping Quiet" by Pablo Neruda, I strongly believe in the profound connection between nature and our well-being. Keats highlights that nature provides a "bower quiet" for us, symbolizing a tranquil space that nurtures our spirits. This beauty is essential for our mental and emotional health, reminding us of life’s goodness even in challenging times. On the other hand, Neruda's reflection on how the Earth can teach us illustrates nature's resilience. Even when it seems lifeless, it has the capacity to rejuvenate and inspire hope. This dual perspective emphasizes that preserving nature is not just an ecological necessity but a moral obligation for humanity. As the President of the Eco Club, I urge each of you to recognize the importance of our environment. By protecting our natural resources, we ensure a better quality of life for ourselves and future generations. We must engage in sustainable practices, support conservation efforts, and educate others about the beauty and lessons nature has to offer. Let us work together to preserve the earth’s wonders so that we can continue to experience the joy and serenity they bring. Thank you! My Mother At Sixty Six Q1. What is the significance of the word ‘but’ in ‘but all I said was see you soon, Amma ? Ans: In the line "but all I said was see you soon, Amma" from Kamala Das's poem "My Mother at Sixty-six," the word "but" signifies a contrast between the poet's internal feelings and her outward expression. While she is overwhelmed with emotions like sadness and anxiety about her mother’s aging, she chooses to convey a light-hearted, reassuring farewell instead. The use of "but" underscores the gap between her true emotions and her attempt to maintain a brave facade, highlighting the complexity of their relationship and the poet's struggle with the inevitability of loss. Q2. It is said that the ‘Face is a mirror of one’s emotions.’ Why did the poet ‘smile and smile’? (My Mother at Sixty-six) Ans: In Kamala Das's poem "My Mother at Sixty-six," the poet smiles to conceal her sadness and anxiety about her mother's frailty. The smile symbolizes reassurance and love, reflecting her struggle to stay composed amidst emotional turmoil, while conveying warmth and comfort in the face of aging and loss. Q3. Create a comprehensive comparison of the themes present in ‘Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers’ and ‘My Mother at Sixty-Six’. Specifically discuss the different ways each poem addresses the concept of struggle and resilience. ( All India 2024 | set 1/1/1) Both "Aunt Jennifer's Tigers" and "My Mother at Sixty-Six" explore themes of struggle and resilience, though from different perspectives. In "Aunt Jennifer's Tigers," the protagonist faces oppression within a patriarchal society, enduring the hardships of her marriage while yearning for strength and freedom. Her artistic expression, embodied in the creation of tigers, symbolizes her desire for fearlessness and pride. Conversely, "My Mother at Sixty-Six" portrays the struggle of fulfilling familial duties while confronting the inevitable realities of aging and loss. The poet hides her true emotions behind a reassuring smile, promising her mother that she will return soon. The mother’s aging reflects her own resilience in facing life's challenges. Both poems highlight the tension between external constraints and inner strength, showcasing how art and familial bonds can serve as sources of empowerment amidst personal struggles. Q4. Write a comparative analysis for your study group focusing on how the poems “Keeping Quiet” and “My Mother at Sixty-six” illuminate the different facets of human introspection and the significance of quiet reflection in understanding oneself. Ans: In Pablo Neruda's "Keeping Quiet" and Kamala Das's "My Mother at Sixty-Six," both poems explore the theme of human introspection, albeit in distinct ways. "Keeping Quiet" emphasizes the importance of quiet reflection as a means to promote self-awareness and foster mutual understanding among people. Neruda advocates for silence, suggesting that it can lead to global harmony and a collective introspection that transcends borders, encouraging readers to pause and consider the impact of their actions for a better future. In contrast, "My Mother at Sixty-Six" delves into the more personal aspect of introspection within familial relationships. The poem poignantly reflects the speaker's complex emotions regarding her aging mother, revealing her distress and childhood fears of separation. While it acknowledges the necessity of reassurance and connection, it also underscores the inevitability of loss and the passage of time. Together, these poems illuminate how quiet reflection—whether in the context of global harmony or personal relationships—enables deeper understanding of oneself and others, highlighting the multifaceted nature of human int rospection. VISTAS Journey to the End of the Earth Q1. What were the author's initial emotions on setting foot in Antarctica? The author's initial emotions on setting foot in Antarctica were relief, followed by immediate and profound wonder. The relief likely stemmed from the culmination of a long and arduous journey involving various modes of transportation. The wonder was directed at the immensity and isolation of Antarctica, particularly reflecting on the historical connection when India and Antarctica were part of the same landmass. Q2. What are the significant features of the ‘Students on Ice Programme’? The significant features of the 'Students on Ice Programme' include its aim to provide high school students with inspiring educational opportunities at the ends of the world, particularly in Antarctica. The program, led by Geoff Green, focuses on fostering a new understanding and respect for the planet among the future generation of policy-makers. It offers life-changing experiences for students, allowing them to absorb, learn, and take action regarding environmental issues. Q3. Why did Geoff Green include young students in his programme? Geoff Green included young students in the 'Students on Ice Programme' because he wanted to offer the future generation of policy-makers a life-changing experience at an age when they are ready to absorb, learn, and act. The program aims to instill a deeper understanding and respect for the planet in young minds, emphasizing the importance of environmental conservation and sustainability. Q4. How can a visit to Antarctica be an enlightening experience? Elaborate. A visit to Antarctica can be an enlightening experience due to several factors. The continent's pristine environment, devoid of human population, allows for a direct observation of natural processes and ecosystems. Antarctica's simple ecosystem and lack of biodiversity make it an ideal place to study how small changes in the environment can have significant repercussions. Additionally, the continent holds ancient ice cores with half-million-year-old carbon records, providing insights into the Earth's past, present, and future. The immersive experience in Antarctica forces individuals to place themselves in the context of the Earth's geological history, fostering a deep appreciation for the planet's fragility and the impact of human activities. Q5. How has human civilization impacted our environment? Comment with reference to the lesson 'Journey to the End of the Earth'. Human civilization has impacted the environment significantly, as highlighted in the lesson 'Journey to the End of the Earth.' The author mentions that human civilizations have been around for a relatively short period of 12,000 years, yet in this brief time, humans have created a considerable impact. The rapid increase in human populations has led to competition with other species for limited resources, while the unmitigated burning of fossil fuels has contributed to a rise in carbon dioxide levels, affecting the global climate. The lesson emphasizes climate change as one of the most contested environmental debates, and Antarctica plays a crucial role in this discussion. The continent's pristine nature and ice cores containing ancient carbon records make it a vital location for studying the Earth's past, present, and future. The author suggests that witnessing the visible effects of climate change, such as glaciers retreating and ice shelves collapsing, makes the threat of global warming more tangible. Overall, the lesson highlights the importance of understanding and addressing the environmental impact of human activities, especially in the context of climate change and its potential consequences. 2020 How was Gondwana different from today’s world ? Describe it. Ans: Gondwana was a giant amalgamated southern supercontinent that existed approximately 600 to 500 million years ago. It was centered roughly around the present-day Antarctica and included landmasses that are now part of South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Arabian Peninsula. Gondwana was significantly different from today's world in several aspects: 1. Geographical Configuration: Gondwana represented a massive landmass that was a combination of several continents. The continents we recognize today were part of this singular supercontinent, and their current positions and shapes were vastly different from what we see today. 2. Climate: The climate of Gondwana during its existence was much warmer than the present. It hosted a diverse range of flora and fauna due to the milder temperatures. The climate supported a wide variety of ecosystems across the supercontinent. 3. Biodiversity: Gondwana thrived for approximately 500 million years, and during this time, it harbored a rich diversity of plant and animal species. However, these species were different from the ones we find today, as evolution and extinction events have shaped the Earth's biodiversity over millions of years. 4. Human Presence: Human beings had not yet appeared on the global scene during the time of Gondwana. The emergence of complex life forms, including humans, occurred much later in the Earth's history. 5. Landmass Arrangement: Over time, as the dinosaurs went extinct and the age of mammals began, Gondwana started to break apart. The landmasses drifted and separated, forming the continents as we know them today. This process shaped the modern geographical arrangement of continents and ocean basins. 6. Continental Drift: The breakup of Gondwana played a crucial role in the phenomenon of continental drift. The separation of landmasses and their movement over geological time scales has influenced the Earth's topography and climate patterns. In summary, Gondwana was a vastly different world from today, characterized by a warmer climate, different species, and a singular supercontinent that eventually gave rise to the continents we recognize in the present day. The study of Gondwana provides insights into the dynamic geological and climatic changes that have shaped the Earth over millions of years. The Third Level Q1. Describe briefly the Third Level. How did it differ from the Second Level? The Third Level is a mysterious and seemingly time-traveling location within Grand Central Station. Charley discovers it accidentally when he gets lost trying to take the subway home. The Third Level is distinct from the Second Level in that it appears to be a portal to the past, specifically the year 1894. The atmosphere on the Third Level reflects the late 19th century, with people dressed in clothing from that era, gaslights illuminating the space, and outdated technology. It is a place where one can apparently purchase train tickets to various destinations in the United States but for the year 1894. Q2. What role does Sam’s letter play in the story? Sam's letter serves as crucial evidence for Charley and Louisa that the Third Level is real. It confirms that Sam, who disappeared mysteriously, has found the Third Level and is living in Galesburg, Illinois, in 1894. The letter is a message of invitation for Charley and Louisa to join him on the Third Level, emphasizing the idyllic and peaceful life of that time. Sam's letter becomes a catalyst for Charley and Louisa to believe in the existence of the Third Level and motivates them to keep searching for it. Q3. What do you learn about Galesburg, Illinois, during 1894 from the lesson 'The Third Level'? From the story, we learn that Galesburg, Illinois, in 1894 is depicted as a charming and peaceful town. The description includes big old frame houses, huge lawns, and tall trees with branches meeting overhead. The evenings are described as being twice as long, with people sitting on their lawns, men smoking cigars and talking quietly, and women waving palm-leaf fans. The setting portrays a serene and idyllic atmosphere, emphasizing the nostalgia and appeal of the past. Q4. Why did Charley buy old-style currency? Charley bought old-style currency because he wanted to use it to purchase tickets on the Third Level at Grand Central Station. When he initially tried to buy tickets with modern currency, the clerk rejected it, considering it counterfeit. To avoid suspicion and ensure a successful transaction, Charley exchanged his modern money for old-style bills, matching the currency used in the year 1894 on the Third Level. Q5. Do you think that the third level was a medium of escape? Why/Why not? Yes, the Third Level can be interpreted as a medium of escape. Charley and others who find this mysterious level have the opportunity to travel back in time to a seemingly simpler and more peaceful era, away from the complexities and troubles of the modern world. The appeal of Galesburg, Illinois, in 1894, with its nostalgic charm, represents a desire for an escape from the anxieties of the present. The Third Level becomes a literal and metaphorical escape route for those seeking refuge from the challenges of their contemporary lives. 2020 Q. The modern world is full of insecurity, fear, war, worry and stress. What are the ways in which we attempt to overcome them? (120-150 Words/ 5 Marks) 1. Psychological Escapism: Individuals often resort to psychological escapism as a means of overcoming the challenges posed by the modern world. This involves seeking refuge in alternate realities or daydreams to temporarily detach from the harsh realities of life. 2. Hobbies and Collections: Engaging in hobbies or building collections, as seen in the protagonist's stamp collecting, serves as a temporary refuge from the stresses of the contemporary world. These activities provide a sense of purpose and diversion from daily anxieties. 3. Seeking Unconventional Solutions: In the case of Charley from "The Third Level," the discovery of the mysterious Third Level at Grand Central Station becomes an unconventional solution. It symbolizes a physical and temporal escape, offering a retreat to a seemingly simpler era. 4. Nostalgia and Idealization: An inclination towards nostalgia and idealization of the past is a common strategy. The desire to revisit a perceived better time, as showcased in the story's portrayal of 1894, reflects an attempt to escape the challenges of the contemporary world. 5. Materialistic Distractions: Some individuals turn to materialistic distractions, such as acquiring old-style currency, to recreate a semblance of the past. This may involve collecting vintage items or engaging in activities that evoke a sense of historical comfort. In summary, people employ diverse strategies ranging from psychological escapism to tangible actions like exploring mysterious avenues, all in an effort to overcome the insecurities, fears, wars, and stress prevalent in the modern world. The Tiger King Q1. What was Maharaja's mission? How did he resolve to overcome the obstacles in the fulfilment of his mission?    The Maharaja's mission was to kill a hundred tigers. He resolved to overcome obstacles in the fulfillment of his mission by issuing a proclamation that banned tiger hunting by anyone except himself. The State astrologer's prediction also played a crucial role in shaping his determination. He faced dangers during the hunts, but his indomitable courage and determination allowed him to successfully kill seventy tigers. Q2. What was the hidden agenda behind the Tiger King’s marriage with the princess in the neighbouring state ? The hidden agenda behind the Tiger King's marriage with the princess in the neighbouring state was to find a bride from a royal family with a large tiger population. This strategic decision was made to ensure that he could continue his tiger hunts, as killing tigers had become a significant aspect of his identity and rule. Q3. What did the astrologers depict about the child when he was born? The astrologers foretold that the newborn prince would mature into a heroic figure, renowned for his bravery and warrior prowess. Additionally, He noted that the infant was born during the hour of the bull, and as the bull and the tiger were considered adversaries, the astrologers predicted that his demise would be attributed to a tiger. Q4. How did the ‘duraisani’ behave on receiving the gifts? Upon receiving expensive diamond rings from the Maharaja, the duraisani (wife of the British officer) did not send back the rings as expected. Instead, she thanked the Maharaja for the gifts. Subsequently, a bill for three lakh rupees arrived from the British jewellers, and the Maharaja considered it a small price to pay to retain his kingdom. Q5. Which problem did the Maharaja face after killing seventy tigers when he had vowed to kill 100 tigers? After killing seventy tigers, the Maharaja faced a problem when the tiger population became extinct in the forests of Pratibandapuram. Despite his determination to kill a hundred tigers, the scarcity of tigers in his own state became a hurdle, and he struggled to find the remaining thirty tigers. Q6. Did the Tiger King manage to kill the hundredth Tiger / why /why not ? No, the Tiger King did not manage to kill the hundredth tiger. In a twist of events, the last tiger he believed he had killed turned out to be alive. The tiger had fainted from the shock of a missed bullet, and the Maharaja remained unaware of this. The tiger was later killed by one of the hunters to maintain the Maharaja's belief that he had successfully completed his mission. In a tragic turn of events, the Maharaja contracted a fatal infection from a wooden splinter while playing with a toy tiger, and the surgeons declared him dead after a failed operation. This marked the hundredth tiger's final revenge upon the Tiger King. 2020 How did the Tiger King meet his end ? What is ironical about his death? Ans: The Tiger King, Maharaja Jilani Jung Jung Bahadur, met his end due to an unexpected turn of events following his mission to kill a hundred tigers. After successfully hunting numerous tigers, he faced a shortage as the tiger population in Pratibandapuram's forests became extinct. The irony lies in the fact that the Maharaja, known for his prowess in tiger hunting, did not meet his end during a tiger hunt. Instead, his death resulted from a seemingly trivial incident. While playing with a wooden tiger toy meant for his son, he suffered an infection from a splinter that led to a fatal suppurating sore. This ironic twist contrasts with his grand ambitions and fearless encounters with real tigers. Despite efforts by renowned surgeons to treat the infection, the Maharaja's condition worsened. The irony deepened when the surgeons, who intended to save him through an operation, emerged from the theatre declaring the operation successful while simultaneously announcing the Maharaja's demise. This unforeseen consequence marked the hundredth tiger's final revenge, fulfilling the astrologers' prediction in an unexpected and ironic manner. On The Face of It Q1. Mr . Lamb stands as a symbol of optimism and hope. Support your answer with examples from the text. Ans: Mr. Lamb exemplifies optimism and hope through his acceptance of life’s imperfections. Despite losing a leg in the war, he dismisses it, saying, "Tin doesn’t hurt." He finds beauty in all life, even calling weeds “alive, growing,” challenging conventional judgments about appearance. His open garden symbolizes his open heart, welcoming everyone regardless of their flaws. Mr. Lamb encourages Derry, a boy with a scarred face, to embrace life, stating that he has “two arms, two legs, eyes, ears, a tongue, and a brain.” Through his words and actions, Mr. Lamb teaches Derry to look beyond physical appearances, inspiring him to live with a positive outlook on life. Q2. What gave Derry the courage to go back to Mr. Lamb’s house despite his mother’s refusal? Derry returns to Mr. Lamb's house, defying his mother, because Mr. Lamb's words deeply resonate with him. For the first time, he encounters someone who doesn’t judge him by his appearance but sees him as an individual with potential. Mr. Lamb’s encouragement to “look, listen, and think” opens Derry’s mind to new perspectives, and he finds a sense of belonging and understanding that he doesn’t experience elsewhere. This motivates Derry to confront his fears and insecurities, as he realizes he wants to explore life fully. Mr. Lamb’s influence instills in Derry the courage to break free from his isolation. Q3. Derek wants to go back to Mr. Lamb's House against his mother's will. What does this tell you about Mr. Lamb? Ans: Derry’s determination to return to Mr. Lamb’s house shows Mr. Lamb’s deep impact on him. Mr. Lamb is not merely a stranger but a mentor who encourages Derry’s growth. His genuine kindness, resilience, and nonjudgmental outlook make him a powerful influence, instilling confidence in Derry that he never received from others. Derry's willingness to defy his mother’s instructions reveals the trust and respect he has for Mr. Lamb, who offers him acceptance and a positive view on life. This demonstrates Mr. Lamb’s remarkable ability to uplift others, even those burdened by hardship, making him a transformative figure in Derry’s life. 2022 Q4. Who is Mr. Lamb? How does Derry get into his garden? Ans: Mr. Lamb is an elderly man with a physical disability—he has a tin leg, which he lost in the war. He lives alone in a large house with an open garden, filled with plants, trees, and a beehive. Known for his kindness and wisdom, Mr. Lamb keeps the garden gate open, inviting anyone who wishes to enter. His outlook on life is optimistic; he finds beauty in everything, including weeds, and encourages others to look beyond appearances. Derry, a young boy with a scarred face, enters Mr. Lamb’s garden by climbing over the wall, assuming the place is deserted. Drawn by the peaceful environment, Derry explores the garden, unaware that Mr. Lamb is watching him. Q2. How did Mr. Lamb's conversation and company change Derry's desire to isolate himself from the society? Mr. Lamb’s acceptance and philosophy challenge Derry’s desire for isolation. Unlike others who pity him, Mr. Lamb treats Derry as an equal, reminding him that “it’s what’s inside that matters.” His stories of children calling him “Lamey-Lamb” demonstrate how he accepts his own imperfections without resentment. Mr. Lamb’s outlook encourages Derry to reject self-pity and to see the world as a place of potential beauty, even if flawed. Through Mr. Lamb’s openness and understanding, Derry’s perception shifts, and he begins to realize that he, too, can connect with others without being defined solely by his appearance. Q3. Imagine you are Derry speaking at the funeral of Mr. Lamb highlighting Mr. Lamb’s optimism and the change he brought about in your attitude towards life. You may begin like this. Dear friends, I will be eternally grateful to Mr. Lamb …… (All India 2024 | set 1/5/1) Ans: Dear friends, I will be eternally grateful to Mr. Lamb, who transformed my life in ways I never thought possible. When I first met him, I was bitter, isolated, and full of self-pity because of my scarred face. I believed everyone saw me as nothing but ugly. But Mr. Lamb saw beyond my scars; he taught me to look past what’s on the outside and see the beauty within myself and others. He often said, “It’s all life, growing, just like the weeds in the garden.” He taught me that everything, even what seems unwanted, has worth. Mr. Lamb’s optimism showed me that life is meant to be embraced, not feared. He encouraged me to face the world with courage and live fully, regardless of what others think. Today, I am stronger, braver, and no longer afraid to be myself—all because of Mr. Lamb’s friendship and wisdom. His spirit of kindness and resilience will live on in me forever. Q4. Derry : It’s got nothing to do with my face and what I look like. You do agree with Derry that appearance doesn’t define a person. Only one’s potential and innate qualities gain one respect and dignity in society. As Derry, write a diary entry regretting how you wasted your time indulging in self-pity and frustration and how your encounter with Mr. Lamb transformed your personality. You may begin like this. I do really thank my stars for bringing Mr. Lamb into my life …… Ans: Time: 21:00 hrs Dear Diary, I do really thank my stars for bringing Mr. Lamb into my life. Before meeting him, I spent so much time drowning in self-pity, believing that my scar defined me. I was certain that people saw nothing beyond my disfigured face, and I let that belief limit my life. Looking back, I realize how much time I wasted in bitterness and isolation. But Mr. Lamb changed everything. He showed me that appearance is only a small part of who we are. He made me understand that self-worth comes from within, from our potential, our dreams, and how we choose to see the world. He saw value in everything, even the weeds, and he helped me see that I, too, have worth beyond my appearance. Now, I feel stronger, and I’m ready to face the world without fear. I owe this newfound courage to Mr. Lamb and his unshakable optimism. The Enemy Q1. What impressions do you form of Dr. Sadao's father from the story 'the Enemy'? Ans: Dr. Sadao’s father is depicted as a stern, disciplined, and traditional man with a strong sense of national pride and ambition for his son. His primary focus is Sadao's education, as he believes that knowledge and skill will lead Japan toward a prosperous future. He takes pride in Japan’s progress and believes in its potential for greatness, a belief he instills in Sadao by frequently saying that the islands are "stepping stones" for Japan’s future. Although he doesn’t display affection openly, his dedication to Sadao’s growth is evident. Sadao’s father is selective, even in personal matters, and would only accept a Japanese wife for his son. This portrayal shows his deep-seated cultural values and his hopes for Sadao to serve the country. Q2. Why was Dr. Sadao not sent abroad with the troops? Dr. Sadao was not sent abroad with the Japanese troops because of his crucial contributions to medical science, particularly in surgery. He was working on a significant discovery to make wounds completely clean, which was essential for Japan during the wartime. His medical expertise and ongoing research made him invaluable at home, as his skills were needed for both soldiers and possible emergency cases within Japan. Additionally, the old General had a medical condition that might eventually require surgery, so Dr. Sadao’s presence was required for the General’s potential operation. His talents were too valuable to risk in combat, so he remained in Japan, where he could continue his research and be available for critical cases. Q3. Dr. Sadao emerges as a Saviour of humanity. Substantiate your answer with evidence from the text. Ans: Dr. Sadao demonstrates a commitment to humanity when he saves the life of an American prisoner of war despite his nationality and the risk of being labelled a traitor. Although the American is technically his enemy, Sadao’s medical ethics drive him to perform surgery to save his life, even under societal pressure to let him die. He operates skilfully, using his expertise and compassion, and later provides the prisoner with a means of escape to ensure his safety. Sadao’s decision not only saves the man’s life but also demonstrates his moral courage in choosing human compassion over prejudice and nationalism, reinforcing his role as a healer dedicated to saving lives, regardless of race or political affiliations. Q4. Dr. Sadao is torn between his duty as a doctor and his responsibility as a patriotic citizen. Elaborate. Dr. Sadao faces a profound inner conflict between his professional duty as a doctor and his loyalty to Japan. On one hand, his medical ethics compel him to save the injured American soldier, who is in dire need of care. As a doctor, Sadao believes in preserving life, regardless of nationality. However, as a Japanese citizen during wartime, he understands the risks of helping an enemy soldier, which could be viewed as treasonous. His struggle is further heightened by the pressure from his household staff and the potential threat to his family. Ultimately, Sadao chooses to heal the man, even risking his safety, and later helps him escape. This choice reflects his dedication to his ethical principles, demonstrating the difficult balance between personal integrity and national allegiance. All India 2024 | Set 1/1/1 Q5. Dr. Sadao is disturbed and in a dilemma since he has decided to help the enemy soldier. Describe his conflict and the challenges faced in the form of a diary entry. Ans: March 3, 1945 Tonight, I find myself in great turmoil. I made the decision to save the life of an American soldier—an enemy—despite knowing the risks. The sight of his wounds stirred something in me; as a doctor, I am bound to heal, regardless of who lies before me. But, as a Japanese citizen, my actions could be seen as betrayal. I know that my staff disapproves, and Hana, though loyal, fears for our safety and the children's. I cannot ignore the whispers of doubt around me, yet I cannot abandon my duty as a healer. The General’s condition also complicates matters; he depends on me, but would he protect me if he knew? I am haunted by uncertainty. My hope now rests in finding a solution that keeps my family safe while staying true to my profession. Q6. What was the servants' reactions to Sadao's decision of treating the American soldier? (All India 2024 | 1/4/1) Ans: The servants strongly disapproved of Dr. Sadao’s decision to treat the American soldier. They viewed the wounded soldier as an enemy who deserved to die, not to be saved. The old gardener believed it was against nature to heal what the “sea and rocks” had tried to destroy. Yumi, the children’s caretaker, outright refused to wash the soldier, feeling disgusted by the idea of aiding a foreign enemy. Their discontent grew over time, and they feared that Sadao’s actions would bring misfortune upon the household. Eventually, unable to accept his choice, the servants left the house altogether. Their reaction highlights the intense patriotism and prejudice against the enemy, contrasting sharply with Dr. Sadao’s compassionate commitment to his medical duty. Q7. “I must get rid of this man for your sake”. Said Dr. Sadao. How will you describe Dr. Sadao as a husband with reference to the above line ? (Word Limit 40-50) | All India 2024 | Set 1/5/1) Ans: Dr. Sadao’s words, “I must get rid of this man for your sake,” reveal his deep care and responsibility toward Hana. Although he is conflicted as a doctor, he prioritizes Hana’s safety and well-being, understanding the fear and burden his decision places on her. This shows his sensitivity and protective nature as a husband. Q8. After having escaped from Japan with the help of Dr. Sadao, Tom (the prisoner of war) writes an article highlighting how Sadao’s actions demonstrated the importance of humanity and living in harmony. (150 Words). ( All India 2024 | Set 1/5/1) You may begin like this : Humanity is a value that binds us together …… Ans: Humanity is a value that binds us together, beyond borders, conflicts, or nationalities. I realized this profoundly when I was saved by a man who should have considered me his enemy—Dr. Sadao Hoki, a Japanese surgeon, who risked everything to save my life. When I washed ashore, gravely wounded and helpless, he could have handed me over to authorities or left me to die, as I was a foreign soldier and Japan’s enemy. Yet, he didn’t. Dr. Sadao’s actions went beyond mere medical duty; he exemplified compassion and bravery, driven by a belief in the sanctity of human life. Dr. Sadao’s choice reminded me that, at our core, we are all human, bound by shared empathy. His willingness to risk his reputation and family’s safety for a stranger is a lesson in living with kindness and harmony. His example inspires a vision of a world where humanity prevails over hostility. Q9. “I will have nothing to do with it,” Yumi said, “I am a poor person and it is not my business.” What inference can be drawn about the character of the speaker from the above expression ? ( 40-50 Words) ( All India 2024 | Set 1/5/1) Yumi’s response, “I will have nothing to do with it,” reveals her strong adherence to social hierarchy and traditional beliefs. As a domestic servant, she feels her role is limited to caring for the family, not aiding an enemy. Her reluctance shows her loyalty to Japan and her discomfort in opposing social norms, even for humanitarian reasons. We Too Are Humans What does Zitkala-Sa mean by eating by formula? Ans: By "eating by formula," Zitkala-Sa refers to the regimented, mechanical dining process imposed on the Native American children at the boarding school. Each movement, from drawing a chair to picking up cutlery, is dictated by bells and overseen by authority figures. This “formulaic” approach robs the act of eating of any comfort or personal freedom, symbolizing the school's rigid control over the children's lives. However, Zitkala-Sa suggests that even this lack of autonomy pales in comparison to the emotional anguish she feels from deeper cultural violations, such as the cutting of her hair. Bama and Zitkala-Sa, though victims of a system that crushes their aspirations, are determined to break out. Comment. (120 150 words/ 5 Marks) Ans: Both Bama and Zitkala-Sa face oppressive systems that seek to confine them to a predetermined social position, yet both display strong determination to resist. Zitkala-Sa, a Native American girl forced to cut her long hair—a sign of courage and tradition—defiantly hides under a bed to avoid the scissors, fighting even as she is eventually caught and shorn. Her hair, which symbolizes her cultural identity, becomes a powerful marker of resistance as she experiences the pain of forced conformity. Similarly, Bama, a Dalit girl, encounters the sting of caste discrimination when witnessing an elder in her community humbly delivering food to an upper-caste man. Although she initially finds the scene amusing, her brother's explanation of the discriminatory practices fills her with anger, leading her to a resolve: she will excel academically to rise above such social constraints. These experiences reveal how both women, despite early encounters with injustice, channel their indignation into resistance, marking the beginning of their journeys toward autonomy and dignity. In the two stories of Bama and Zitkala-Sa in the lesson of 'Memories of Childhood,' there are certain similarities of strength in the face of social challenges. Write a diary entry sharing your observations. (All India 2024 | Set 1/3/1) Ans: Time: 20:00 Hrs Dear Diary, Today, I read about two women, Bama and Zitkala-Sa, whose stories deeply moved me. Though from different backgrounds—Bama, a Tamil Dalit, and Zitkala-Sa, a Native American—both experienced harsh discrimination in their early years. Bama, through a seemingly simple act of an elder carrying food for an upper-caste man, understood the weight of caste oppression. Her reaction was powerful; rather than feel helpless, she resolved to succeed through education. Zitkala-Sa, on the other hand, fought to retain her cultural identity when her long hair, a symbol of pride and heritage, was forcibly cut by authorities. Each woman, in her own way, confronted societal norms, refusing to accept the subjugation imposed on them. Their resilience is inspiring—a reminder that even in the face of systemic injustice, courage and determination can become powerful tools for change. ‘The words that Annan spoke to me that day made a deep impression on me’. What inference do you draw about the bond between Annan and Bama ? (Word Limit 40-50)| (All India 2024 | set 1/5/1) The bond between Annan and Bama in Memories of Childhood  is one of deep respect and guidance. Annan’s words make a lasting impact on Bama, particularly when he explains that education can help them overcome caste discrimination. When he says, “If you are always ahead in your lessons, people will come to you of their own accord,” he inspires her to strive for excellence. This advice strengthens Bama’s resolve to work hard and succeed, showing how Annan’s wisdom and encouragement empower her to face social injustice with determination. To be Continued. Keep visiting the site.

Practise the following Competency-Based Board PYQs & Score High Marks in Board Exam in Feb 2025. Attempt any TEN of the following questions : (10x1 = 10 Marks) (i) Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option : You should ____ your mother for your rude behaviour. (a) apologise for (b) apologise at (c) apologise with (d) apologise to (ii) Read the conversations between a customer and a waiter. Complete the sentence by reporting the waiter’s reply correctly Customer : Waiter, come here. The plate is dirty. Waiter : I’ll change it sir. The customer asked the waiter to come there. He pointed out that the plate was dirty. The waiter politely offered _______. (iii) Select the correct option to fill in the blank for the given sentence: _____ you help me cross the road, young man ? (a) Will (b) May (c) Shall (d) Might (iv) Select the option that identifies the error and supplies the correction for the following sentence. Twenty years ago, kids at school had never even heard of the internet. (V) Complete the given narrative, by filling in the blanks with the correct option : NO NEWS _____ GOOD NEWS. (a) HAS (b) HAD (c) IS (d) ARE (vi) Fill in the blank by using the correct form of the word in the bracket : When a satellite _____ (launch), the rocket begins by going slowly upwards. (a) is launched (b) are launched (c) have been launched (d) were launched (vii) Report the dialogue between two friends Seema and Anu, by completing the sentence : Seema : What brings you here ? Anu : I am going to Dr. Sen’s house. In response to the question about what brought Anu there, Anu says ________. (viii) Identify the error in the given sentence and supply the correction : Behind every success film there is a lengthy creative process. Use the given format for your response. (IX) Ritu met Anita and saw her crying. Report Ritu’s question. Ritu : “Anita, what is the matter ?” (X) Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option to complete the slogan: _____ EDUCATED MIND CAN TEACH MANY. (a) THE (c) AN (b) A (d) THIS (XI) Select the correct option to complete the narration of a dialogue between Raj and his wife : Raj : I have invited my friends for dinner. Wife : I’ll invite my friends too. Raj told his wife that he had invited his friends for dinner. The wife added that _______. (a) she will invite her friends too (b) she would invite her friends too (c) she can invite her friends too (d) she could invite her friends too (XII) Identify the error in the statement given below and supply the correction : Use the given format for your response. The evil of begging is very common into our country. Answer Key (i) (d) apologise to (ii) to change it / to change the plate (iii) (a) will (iv) (B) Error (at) -Correction (in) (v) (c) is (vi) (a) is launched (vii) that she is going to Dr. Sen’s house (viii) Error (Success) successful (correction) (no mark to be deducted if the format is not given) (ix) Ritu asked Anita what the matter was. (x) ( c) AN (xi) (b) she would invite her friends too. (xii) into (error)-in (correction)