Interactive Grammar Worksheet for instant feedback

Interactive Grammar Worksheet for instant feedback

Lesson At-A-Glance Theme in English The central theme of “Wisdom Paves the Way”  is the triumph of wisdom and keen observation  over assumptions and appearances. The play emphasizes that true intelligence lies not in what is seen directly but in interpreting clues with logic and insight. It contrasts knowledge  with wisdom , showing how reasoning, unity, and calm thinking lead to truth and success. The story also promotes values like honesty, fairness, and sound judgement. Ultimately, it inspires us to use our minds critically and not jump to conclusions based on partial understanding or appearances. Theme in Hindi नाटक "Wisdom Paves the Way"  का मुख्य विषय है — बुद्धिमत्ता और गहरी सोच की शक्ति।  यह दर्शाता है कि सच्चा ज्ञान केवल तथ्यों को जानने में नहीं, बल्कि उनका विवेकपूर्ण उपयोग करने में है। चार युवकों ने केवल ऊपरी चीजों को नहीं देखा, बल्कि गहराई से सोचकर सही निष्कर्ष निकाले। यह नाटक यह संदेश देता है कि जब हम ध्यानपूर्वक अवलोकन करते हैं और निष्पक्ष सोच अपनाते हैं, तो हम न केवल सच्चाई पहचान सकते हैं, बल्कि दूसरों को भी प्रेरित कर सकते हैं। यह कहानी ईमानदारी, धैर्य, विवेक और न्याय जैसे मूल्यों को भी बढ़ावा देती है। Summary in English Scene I Summary Four young men—Ram Datt, Shiv Datt, Har Datt, and Dev Datt—are walking along a dusty road toward the city of Ujjain in search of work. Tired but hopeful, they discuss their journey and the desire to meet the King, believing that he will recognize their talents. On the way, they observe fresh camel tracks and begin analyzing them. Each man notices something different—one observes a limp, another blindness, a short tail, and signs of illness. Their sharp observations suggest the camel has multiple issues despite none of them actually seeing it. Suddenly, a distressed merchant appears, desperately seeking his lost camel. The four describe it in surprising detail, shocking the merchant. He accuses them of stealing the camel since they seem to know so much about it. Though the men deny the accusation, the merchant insists on taking them to the King. Calm and composed, the four friends agree to meet the King, believing truth will prevail. This scene highlights their journey, analytical skills, unity, and introduction to the problem that sets the plot in motion. It builds suspense and admiration for their wit and reasoning skills. Scene II Summary In the court of Ujjain, the King sits in grandeur as the merchant accuses the four young men of stealing his camel. The King listens patiently and calls the accused to speak for themselves. One by one, the young men explain how they deduced the camel’s condition simply by observing the tracks and surroundings—Ram Datt noticed a limp from the footprints, Shiv Datt observed blindness based on uneaten foliage, Har Datt deduced a short tail due to mosquito bites, and Dev Datt guessed stomach pain from the camel’s cautious steps. The King is deeply impressed by their keen observation, logical thinking, and wisdom. He declares them innocent and praises their mental sharpness. He also scolds the merchant for his false accusation and warns him to be careful in the future. As a reward, the King appoints the four young men as his advisers, valuing their intellect and ability to see beyond the obvious. The court celebrates the new appointments. This scene reveals the power of observation and how wisdom, when applied rightly, earns recognition. It also portrays the King as a fair and wise ruler who can differentiate between truth and assumption. Summary in Hindi दृश्य I (Scene I) का सारांश चार युवक—रामदत्त, शिवदत्त, हरदत्त और देवदत्त—उज्जैन की ओर एक धूल भरी सड़क पर पैदल यात्रा कर रहे हैं। वे घर से बहुत दूर आ चुके हैं और रोजगार की तलाश में हैं। दस दिन की थकाऊ यात्रा के बाद भी उन्हें अब तक कोई काम नहीं मिला। फिर भी वे आशावादी बने रहते हैं, विशेषकर रामदत्त, जो मानता है कि यदि वे राजा से मिल पाएं तो वह उनकी प्रतिभा पहचानकर उन्हें नौकरी देगा। वे उज्जैन के पास पहुंचते हैं और रास्ते में ऊँट के ताज़ा पैरों के निशान देखते हैं। चारों युवक बारीकी से निरीक्षण करते हैं और ऊँट के बारे में अलग-अलग बातें नोट करते हैं—किसी ने लंगड़ापन, किसी ने अंधापन, किसी ने छोटी पूँछ और किसी ने पेट दर्द के संकेत देखे। थोड़ी देर बाद, एक परेशान व्यापारी उनके पास आता है और बताता है कि उसका ऊँट खो गया है। जब युवक ऊँट के बारे में सटीक विवरण बताते हैं, तो व्यापारी उन्हें चोर समझ लेता है और राजा से शिकायत करने की धमकी देता है। युवक शांतिपूर्वक कहते हैं कि वे राजा से मिलने तैयार हैं। यह दृश्य युवकों की बुद्धिमत्ता, अवलोकन शक्ति और आत्मविश्वास को दर्शाता है। दृश्य II (Scene II) का सारांश – हिंदी में (200 शब्द) उज्जैन के राजा के दरबार में व्यापारी चार युवकों पर ऊँट चुराने का आरोप लगाता है। राजा निष्पक्षता से सभी की बात सुनते हैं और युवकों को सफाई देने का अवसर देते हैं। रामदत्त बताता है कि ऊँट लंगड़ा था क्योंकि केवल तीन पैरों के निशान गहरे थे, चौथा हल्का। शिवदत्त बताता है कि ऊँट दाईं आंख से अंधा था क्योंकि उसने रास्ते के बाईं ओर की पत्तियाँ ही खाई थीं। हरदत्त कहता है कि ऊँट की पूँछ छोटी थी क्योंकि रास्ते में मच्छरों के काटने के निशान थे। देवदत्त यह तक पहचान लेता है कि ऊँट को पेट दर्द था क्योंकि उसके चलने के ढंग से पता चल रहा था कि वह दर्द से बचने की कोशिश कर रहा था। राजा इन सभी विश्लेषणों से बहुत प्रभावित होते हैं और समझ जाते हैं कि युवक चोर नहीं, बल्कि अत्यंत बुद्धिमान हैं। वे व्यापारी को फटकारते हैं और युवकों को अपने सलाहकार के रूप में नियुक्त करते हैं। राजा का यह निर्णय उनकी न्यायप्रियता और विवेक को दर्शाता है। यह दृश्य सिखाता है कि सूझ-बूझ और गहरी सोच से न केवल समस्याओं का समाधान होता है, बल्कि सम्मान और सफलता भी मिलती है। Scene I Vocabulary (Pages 28–31) Word Meanings Word Meaning Short Sentence Journeyed Travelled We journeyed far from our village. Eludes Escapes or avoids Work still eludes us despite our efforts. Resolute Determined They were resolute to reach Ujjain. Devise To plan or invent We must devise a way to meet the King. Deliberate Think carefully Let’s deliberate when we reach the city. Scrutinise Examine closely They scrutinised the camel tracks carefully. Peculiar Strange or unusual There’s something peculiar about the tracks. Countenance Facial expression His worried countenance showed his stress. Astray Lost or off the path My camel has gone astray! Indignant Angry because of unfairness The merchant was indignant at their reply. Scene II Vocabulary (Pages 33–36) Word Meaning Short Sentence Grievance Complaint The merchant brought a grievance to court. Accusations Claims of wrongdoing The accusations were clearly false. Deduce Figure out by reasoning He deduced the camel was limping. Discern Notice or detect She discerned the animal’s blindness. Foliage Leaves and plants The camel had eaten only left-side foliage. Canopy Decorative roof or cover The King sat beneath a golden canopy. Insight Deep understanding The King praised their great insight. Flawless Perfect or without error Their reasoning was flawless. Chastened Feeling sorry or ashamed The merchant looked chastened and left. Counsel Advice or guidance Your wise counsel will help the kingdom. Character-Sketch Character Role in the Play Key Traits Contribution to the Plot Ram Datt One of the four young travellers Observant, Logical, Hopeful Notices the camel is lame by studying its footprints. Shows initiative in wanting to meet the King. Shiv Datt Traveller and friend Sharp-eyed, Thoughtful, Supportive Deduces the camel is blind in one eye. Stands by his friends with unity and confidence. Har Datt Another traveller Insightful, Reasoning, Calm Infers the camel has a short tail from mosquito bites. Suggests resting and sharing observations. Dev Datt Most analytical of the four Wise, Confident, Courageous Deduces stomach pain from the camel’s walking pattern. Speaks calmly to the merchant and later to the King. The Merchant Owner of the lost camel Panicked, Emotional, Quick to judge Misunderstands the travellers and accuses them wrongly. His complaint sets the story in motion. The King Ruler of Ujjain Just, Wise, Fair-minded Listens to both sides, appreciates true wisdom, clears the misunderstanding, and rewards the young men with positions as advisers. Translation of the Text Scene I (Pages 28–31) English (Original Text) Hindi (Verbatim Translation) Ram Datt:  We have journeyed far from home, yet the prospect of finding work still eludes us. रामदत्त:  हम घर से बहुत दूर आ चुके हैं, फिर भी हमें काम मिलने की संभावना अब तक नहीं दिख रही है। Har Datt:  How long has it been since we left our village? हरदत्त:  हमें गाँव छोड़े कितना समय हो गया है? Shiv Datt:  I believe it has been over a week—perhaps even longer. शिवदत्त:  मुझे लगता है कि एक सप्ताह से अधिक हो गया है—शायद और भी ज्यादा। Ram Datt:  Ten days, to be precise. Every day feels longer than the last. रामदत्त:  ठीक दस दिन हुए हैं। हर दिन पिछले दिन से लंबा लगता है। Dev Datt:  Ten days are but a short span in the grand scheme of things. We may still have many more roads to wander before we find employment befitting all four of us. देवदत्त:  दस दिन पूरी यात्रा की दृष्टि से एक छोटा सा समय है। हो सकता है कि हमें अभी और रास्तों पर भटकना पड़े जब तक कि हम चारों के योग्य कोई काम न मिले। Ram Datt:  If only we could secure an audience with the King of Ujjain. I am confident he would recognise our talents and appoint us to his service. रामदत्त:  काश हम उज्जैन के राजा से मिलने का अवसर पा सकें। मुझे विश्वास है कि वह हमारी प्रतिभा को पहचानेगा और हमें अपने दरबार में नियुक्त करेगा। Shiv Datt:  I share your belief. शिवदत्त:  मैं भी यही मानता हूँ। Dev Datt:  Indeed, we ought to be united in this hope. That is why we press on towards Ujjain. देवदत्त:  वास्तव में, हमें इस आशा में एकजुट रहना चाहिए। इसी कारण हम उज्जैन की ओर बढ़ रहे हैं। Har Datt:  Gaining an audience with the King is no simple task. We need to devise a strategy. हरदत्त:  राजा से मिलना आसान काम नहीं है। हमें कोई योजना बनानी होगी। Dev Datt:  Let us reach the city gates first. We can deliberate once we are closer. देवदत्त:  पहले नगर के द्वार तक पहुँचते हैं। उसके बाद हम विचार करेंगे। Shiv Datt:  Look there, friends. A camel has passed this way. The tracks are fresh. शिवदत्त:  देखो दोस्तों, यहाँ से ऊँट गुज़रा है। निशान अभी ताज़े हैं। Ram Datt:  Yes, let us observe them as we continue. They may tell us more than meets the eye. रामदत्त:  हाँ, चलो इन्हें ध्यान से देखते हुए आगे बढ़ते हैं। ये हमें कुछ छुपी बातें भी बता सकते हैं। Ram Datt:  I have discovered something peculiar about this camel. रामदत्त:  मैंने इस ऊँट के बारे में कुछ अजीब बात देखी है। Shiv Datt:  So have I. शिवदत्त:  मैंने भी। Har Datt:  I, too, have noticed a strange detail. हरदत्त:  मैंने भी एक अजीब बात देखी है। Dev Datt:  It seems each of us has learnt something unique, yet I believe my discovery is unlike any of yours. देवदत्त:  लगता है हम सभी ने कुछ अलग देखा है, लेकिन मेरा अवलोकन शायद सबसे अलग है। Har Datt:  Let us rest beneath a large tree and share our findings. But wait—someone approaches in haste! हरदत्त:  चलो उस बड़े पेड़ के नीचे बैठकर अपनी बात साझा करते हैं। पर रुको—कोई जल्दी में आ रहा है! Shiv Datt:  It appears to be a merchant, running as if pursued by trouble. शिवदत्त:  लगता है कोई व्यापारी है जो किसी मुसीबत में भाग रहा है। Ram Datt:  A merchant indeed, and judging by his countenance, he has lost something of great value—perhaps his camel. रामदत्त:  हाँ, व्यापारी ही है। और उसके चेहरे से लगता है कि उसने कुछ कीमती खो दिया है—शायद उसका ऊँट। Merchant:  Good day, kind sirs. व्यापारी:  नमस्कार, सज्जनों। All Four:  Good day, brother. चारों:  नमस्कार, भाई। Merchant:  I seek your help. My camel has gone astray. Have you, by chance, seen it? व्यापारी:  मुझे आपकी मदद चाहिए। मेरा ऊँट भटक गया है। क्या आपने उसे देखा है? Ram Datt:  Is your camel lame in one leg, by any chance? रामदत्त:  क्या आपका ऊँट एक पैर से लंगड़ा है? Merchant:  Yes, yes, it is! व्यापारी:  हाँ, हाँ, ऐसा ही है! Shiv Datt:  Is it blind in the right eye? शिवदत्त:  क्या वह दाहिनी आँख से अंधा है? Merchant:  Precisely! It is blind in one eye—the right one, as you say. व्यापारी:  बिल्कुल! वह एक आँख से अंधा है—जैसे आपने कहा, दाहिनी आँख से। Har Datt:  And does it have a short tail? हरदत्त:  और क्या उसकी पूँछ छोटी है? Merchant:  You describe it perfectly! Yes, it has a short tail. व्यापारी:  आपने बिल्कुल सही बताया! हाँ, उसकी पूँछ छोटी है। Dev Datt:  Tell me, sir, has it not been suffering from a pain in the stomach? देवदत्त:  बताइए महोदय, क्या उसे पेट में दर्द नहीं था? Merchant:  How could you possibly know that? The poor creature has been unwell for two weeks now... But tell me, where is my camel? व्यापारी:  आपको यह कैसे पता चला? वह बेचारा दो हफ्तों से बीमार है... लेकिन बताइए, मेरा ऊँट कहाँ है? Ram Datt:  We regret to inform you that we do not know where it is. रामदत्त:  हमें खेद है, लेकिन हमें नहीं पता कि वह कहाँ है। Shiv Datt:  We have not seen your camel, not even once. शिवदत्त:  हमने आपके ऊँट को कभी नहीं देखा। Merchant:  How can that be? You speak of my camel as if it stood before you... I will take this matter to the King himself. व्यापारी:  यह कैसे हो सकता है? आप मेरे ऊँट का ऐसा वर्णन करते हैं जैसे वह आपके सामने खड़ा हो... मैं इसकी शिकायत राजा से करूँगा। Dev Datt:  You are free to do as you wish, sir. If the King desires our presence, we shall be waiting under that banyan tree yonder. देवदत्त:  आप जो चाहें कर सकते हैं, महोदय। यदि राजा हमें बुलाएगा, तो हम वहाँ उस बरगद के पेड़ के नीचे मिलेंगे। Merchant:  I do not trust your words. I will not leave you here to slip away. You shall come with me to face the King! व्यापारी:  मैं आपकी बातों पर भरोसा नहीं करता। मैं आपको यहाँ छोड़कर नहीं जाऊँगा। आप मेरे साथ राजा के पास चलिए! All Four:  Very well. We shall go to the King. चारों:  ठीक है। हम राजा के पास चलेंगे। Translation of Scene II ( Page 33-36) English (Original) Hindi Translation (Verbatim) King: What is the matter that brings you to my court? राजा: क्या मामला है जो तुम्हें मेरे दरबार में लाया है? Sentry: This merchant has come with a grievance against four travellers. सैनिक: महाराज, यह व्यापारी चार यात्रियों के विरुद्ध शिकायत लेकर आया है। King: Bring forth the accused. राजा: आरोपितों को प्रस्तुत किया जाए। Merchant: These men know every detail of my missing camel... व्यापारी: ये लोग मेरे ऊँट के बारे में हर बात जानते हैं... King: You, speak. What do you know of this camel? राजा: तुम बोलो। इस ऊँट के बारे में तुम क्या जानते हो? Ram Datt: I discovered that the camel is lame in one of its legs. रामदत्त: मैंने देखा कि ऊँट एक पैर से लंगड़ा है। King: And how did you deduce this? राजा: तुमने यह कैसे समझा? Ram Datt: From its tracks... रामदत्त: रास्ते पर उसके पैरों के निशान देखकर... King: Impressive observation. राजा: बहुत अच्छी निगाह है। Shiv Datt: I observed the camel was blind in its right eye. शिवदत्त: मैंने देखा कि ऊँट दाहिनी आँख से अंधा था। King: How did you arrive at this conclusion? राजा: तुम इस निष्कर्ष पर कैसे पहुँचे? Shiv Datt: It had nibbled only on the left-side foliage... शिवदत्त: उसने केवल बाईं ओर की पत्तियाँ खाईं... King: Well-reasoned indeed. राजा: बहुत अच्छा विचार किया गया। Har Datt: I discovered the camel’s tail is short. हरदत्त: मैंने देखा कि ऊँट की पूँछ छोटी है। King: How did you come to this conclusion? राजा: यह निष्कर्ष तुमने कैसे निकाला? Har Datt: I saw blood droplets likely from mosquito bites. हरदत्त: मैंने मच्छरों के काटने से खून की बूंदें देखीं। King: You reasoned with great insight. राजा: तुमने बड़ी समझदारी से बात कही। Dev Datt: The camel lifted its hind legs due to pain. देवदत्त: ऊँट दर्द के कारण पिछला पैर उठा रहा था। King: Extraordinary! You know the camel intimately. राजा: अद्भुत! तुम ऊँट को गहराई से जानते हो। King: Your accusations are baseless. These men are wise. राजा: तुम्हारे आरोप निराधार हैं। ये चोर नहीं, बुद्धिमान हैं। Merchant: (bows and exits) व्यापारी: (झुककर शर्मिंदा होकर बाहर चला जाता है) King: I offer you the honour of becoming my advisers. राजा: मैं तुम्हें अपने सलाहकार बनने का सम्मान देता हूँ। Ram Datt: It is an honour we had not dared to dream of. रामदत्त: यह ऐसा सम्मान है जिसका हमने कभी स्वप्न भी नहीं देखा। Shiv Datt: We are grateful for your trust. शिवदत्त: हम आपकी विश्वास पर गहराई से आभारी हैं। Har Datt: To serve a just ruler like you is a privilege. हरदत्त: आपके जैसे न्यायप्रिय राजा की सेवा करना सौभाग्य है। Dev Datt: We dedicate ourselves to your service. देवदत्त: हम पूरी निष्ठा से आपकी सेवा में समर्पित हैं। King: Let all know that four new advisers stand by my side. राजा: राज्य भर में घोषित करो कि चार नए सलाहकार अब मेरे साथ हैं। NCERT Solution Page 36-37

A quirky glimpse into a stone garden where beauty hides beneath your feet and humour blooms between the rocks. Lesson At- A-Glance Theme in English Theme in Hindi Summary In English Summary In Hindi Text of the Poem Word-Meanings Text with Paraphrase Theme in English The central theme of “A Concrete Example”  is the contrast between human perception and appreciation of beauty , especially in nature. The poet humorously depicts how people can be passionate about their creations, no matter how peculiar they seem to others. Mrs. Jones, the poet’s neighbour, takes great pride in her stone-filled garden, where tiny, almost invisible plants grow between rocks. Her intense admiration for the garden reflects how personal taste can differ widely. The poem subtly explores themes of subjective beauty , individual eccentricity , and the ironic disconnect  between the observer and the creator. While the speaker finds the garden strange and the plants insignificant, Mrs. Jones sees it as a source of joy and pride. The poem ends with a gentle punchline when the speaker asks about a beautiful flower, only to be told he is unknowingly standing on it. This highlights how people often overlook delicate beauty underfoot while seeking something grander. Through light-hearted irony and gentle humour, the poem encourages readers to reconsider how they value and observe beauty in their surroundings. Theme in Hindi “A Concrete Example”  कविता का मुख्य विषय है सौंदर्य की व्यक्तिगत परिभाषा और दृष्टिकोण । कवि अपनी पड़ोसन श्रीमती जोन्स की बगिया का चित्रण करते हैं, जो पत्थरों से भरी हुई है। यह बगिया पारंपरिक फूलों वाली नहीं, बल्कि विचित्र पत्थरों, झील, और एक सन्डायल से सजी है। श्रीमती जोन्स उसमें बेहद छोटे-छोटे पौधे लगाती हैं जिन्हें शायद सुई से लगाया गया हो, क्योंकि वे इतने सूक्ष्म हैं। कवि को यह सब अजीब लगता है, लेकिन श्रीमती जोन्स को अपनी बगिया पर गर्व है। यह कविता दर्शाती है कि किस प्रकार सौंदर्य का अनुभव प्रत्येक व्यक्ति के लिए अलग हो सकता है। जब कवि उस बगिया में एक फूल के बारे में पूछते हैं, तो श्रीमती जोन्स बताती हैं कि वह फूल उनके पैरों के नीचे है, जिससे यह स्पष्ट होता है कि हम अक्सर सूक्ष्म सुंदरता को अनदेखा कर देते हैं। कविता हल्के-फुल्के व्यंग्य और हास्य के माध्यम से हमें यह सिखाती है कि कभी-कभी जो चीज़ हमें सामान्य लगती है, वह किसी और के लिए बेहद खास हो सकती है। Summary in English The poem humorously narrates the speaker's observation of his neighbour, Mrs. Jones, who has an unusual garden made mostly of stones. Instead of colourful flowers, her garden features: A winding stone path A lily pond A rockery (stone arrangement) A sundial with a curious device Between these stones, Mrs. Jones plants tiny, delicate plants that are barely visible. The speaker is amused and puzzled by how she manages to plant them—perhaps using a pin. One day, Mrs. Jones invites the speaker to admire her garden. They spend fifteen minutes discussing a flower, which the speaker eagerly looks for. When he asks where the flower is, Mrs. Jones amusingly replies that he is standing on it. The poem ends on a witty note, showing how we often overlook subtle beauty while searching for something obvious. Through light humour and irony, the poem highlights: Individual taste in beauty Eccentricity and personal passion How beauty can be found in unexpected places Summary in Hindi यह कविता कवि की पड़ोसन श्रीमती जोन्स  और उनके असामान्य पत्थर वाले बगीचे के बारे में है। उनके बगीचे में रंग-बिरंगे फूलों की बजाय शामिल हैं: एक टेढ़ी-मेढ़ी पत्थरों की पगडंडी एक लिली तालाब एक रॉक गार्डन (पत्थरों का सजावटी ढांचा) एक सन्डायल (धूपघड़ी) जिसमें एक अजीब-सा उपकरण जुड़ा है वह पत्थरों के बीच बहुत ही छोटे और नाजुक पौधे लगाती हैं, जिन्हें देख पाना भी मुश्किल है। कवि को आश्चर्य होता है कि इतने छोटे पौधों को वह कैसे लगाती हैं—शायद सुई से। एक दिन श्रीमती जोन्स कवि को अपना बगीचा दिखाने बुलाती हैं। वे दोनों लगभग पंद्रह मिनट (quarter of an hour)  एक फूल के बारे में बात करते हैं। जब कवि पूछते हैं कि वह सुंदर फूल कहां है, तो श्रीमती जोन्स कहती हैं—"आप उसी पर खड़े हैं।" कविता हास्य और व्यंग्य के साथ यह दर्शाती है: सौंदर्य की व्यक्तिगत समझ किसी की अनोखी पसंद और जुनून सूक्ष्म सुंदरता को अक्सर लोग नज़रअंदाज़ कर देते हैं Text of the Poem Word Meanings Word Meaning Example Sentence Concrete Real or physical; not abstract Mrs. Jones’s garden is a concrete example of her creativity with rocks and plants. Device A decorative or functional object or mechanism The sundial with a strange device intrigued the poet. Delicate Fragile or very fine and subtle She plants delicate flowers between the heavy stones. Rockery A garden feature made with rocks and small plants The rockery in Mrs. Jones's yard was full of tiny plants and stones. Lily Pond A small water body designed for growing water lilies There is a lily pond at the centre of her stone garden. Strange Unusual or unexpected The sundial had a strange device that caught everyone’s attention. Quarter of an hour A time period of fifteen minutes They discussed a tiny flower for a quarter of an hour. Admiration A feeling of respect or wonder Mrs. Jones looked at her garden with quiet admiration. Whimsical Playfully unusual or quaint The poem has a whimsical tone that lightly mocks human behaviour. Eccentricity Unusual or quirky behaviour Her love for stone gardens shows her eccentricity in aesthetic taste. Text with Paraphrase Original Line Easy English Meaning My next-door neighbour, Mrs. Jones, My neighbour who lives next to me is Mrs. Jones. has got a garden full of stones: She has a garden that is filled with stones. A crazy path, a lily pond, There is a winding path and a pond with lilies. a rockery and, just beyond There’s a rock garden, and a little further, A sundial with a strange device, A sun clock with a strange-looking part, which Mrs. Jones thinks rather nice. Mrs. Jones thinks it looks very nice. My next-door neighbour, Mrs. Jones, My neighbour, Mrs. Jones, puts little plants between the stones She plants tiny plants between the rocks. They are so delicate and small, The plants are very tiny and soft. they don’t mean anything at all. They seem unimportant to me. I can’t think how she gets them in, I don’t understand how she plants them, unless she plants them with a pin. Maybe she uses a pin to put them in the ground. My next-door neighbour, Mrs. Jones, My neighbour, Mrs. Jones, once asked me round to see her stones. One day, she invited me to see her stone garden. We stood and talked about a flower We stood together and talked about a flower. for quite a quarter of an hour. We talked for about fifteen minutes. “Where is this lovely thing?” I cried. I asked loudly, “Where is this beautiful flower?” “You’re standing on it,” she replied. She replied, “You are standing on the flower!” NCERT Solution ( Page 19) Let Us Think & Reflect ( Page 20-21) To be Updated shortly. Keep Visiting our site. ❤❤❤❤❤

"When wit sows seeds of laughter, even the proudest hearts learn to bloom – discover how Tenali Rama’s cleverness mended a royal quarrel in 'The Wit that Won Hearts'. Theme The story highlights how intelligence and wit are more powerful than pride and arrogance. It shows that quick thinking, humor, and wisdom can solve conflicts, win respect, and bring harmony. Tenali Rama’s clever approach emphasizes that true intellect lies in understanding situations and responding smartly rather than engaging in arguments. SUMMARY The story "The Wit That Won Hearts" is set during the reign of King Krishnadeva Raya, a renowned and wise ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire. Known as the golden era of the empire, his court was home to celebrated poets and scholars, including the witty and intelligent Tenali Ramakrishna. Tenali Rama was known for his sharp sense of humor and clever problem-solving skills, which often helped resolve difficult situations. The story begins with a disagreement between the king and his queen, Thirumalambal, over a seemingly trivial issue. The king, proud of his poetic abilities, composed a poem filled with metaphors. When he recited it to the queen, she inadvertently yawned due to exhaustion. Misinterpreting her action as disrespect, the king became angry and stopped speaking to her, leaving the palace atmosphere tense and gloomy. Distressed by the situation, the queen approached Tenali Rama for help. Understanding the delicate nature of the problem, Rama devised a clever plan to make the king realize his mistake. During a court session, he presented a plate of paddy seeds, claiming they would yield triple harvests, but only if sown with proper attention and care. Using humor and an indirect reference to yawning while sowing seeds, Rama subtly reminded the king that yawning is natural and not an insult. The king soon realized his folly and reconciled with the queen, apologizing for his overreaction. The story concludes with joy returning to the palace. The narrative highlights the power of wit, tact, and intelligence in resolving conflicts and emphasizes the importance of humility and understanding in relationships. Word-Meanings Word Meaning Sentence Renowned Famous and well-known The king was a renowned patron of arts. Illustrious Distinguished and respected The court was filled with illustrious poets. Patron A supporter or sponsor Krishnadeva Raya was a patron of literature. Eminent Important and famous Tenali Rama was an eminent poet. Insurmountable Too great to be overcome Rama’s wit solved even insurmountable problems. Trivial Small and unimportant Their quarrel was over a trivial matter. Forlorn Lonely and sad The palace looked forlorn during their silence. Distraught Very upset or worried The queen was distraught by the king’s anger. Vague Unclear or imprecise The king’s poem was filled with vague expressions. Profusely In large amounts The queen thanked Rama profusely for his help. Bustling Full of busy activity The royal court was bustling with ministers. Intricately In a detailed way The pillars were intricately carved. Exquisite Beautiful and delicate The rugs in the court were exquisite. Ornate Highly decorated The king’s throne was ornate and majestic. Sarcasm Mockery or irony A courtier spoke with sarcasm about Rama’s seeds. Unfazed Not disturbed or worried Rama was unfazed by the courtiers’ comments. Absurd Ridiculous and illogical The king dismissed the idea as absurd. Furrowed Wrinkled or creased The king’s eyebrows furrowed in doubt. Sceptical Doubtful or unconvinced The courtiers were sceptical of Rama’s plan. Keenly Sharply or intensely Rama observed the king keenly. Gesture Movement expressing an idea The king misunderstood the queen’s gesture. Orchestrated Arranged skillfully Rama orchestrated the reunion. Brimmed Overflowed The palace brimmed with laughter again. NCERT Solution ( Page No. 7) Let us discuss I Rectify the following false statements from the text. 1. The queen insulted the king by speaking against the quality of his poem. 2. Tenali Rama immediately went to the king and convinced him to talk to the queen. 3. The courtiers admired the king’s poemandpraisedhisliterary talent. 4. The ministers in the court were eager to hear Tenali Rama’s idea about paddy cultivation. 5. The king never realised his mistake and continued to stay angry with the queen. Answers Let us discuss – Answers The queen did not insult the king; she only yawned due to tiredness. Tenali Rama first planned a strategy instead of going to the king immediately. The courtiers avoided commenting on the king’s poem. The ministers were discussing paddy cultivation, not eager for Rama’s idea. The king realised his mistake and apologised to the queen. Let us Think and Reflect – I ( Page 7-8) 1. Why does the queen believe that only Tenali Rama can help the king understand? The queen trusts Tenali Rama’s wit and problem-solving skills. She knows his humour can make the king realise his mistake without hurting his pride. 2. What does the queen’s statement, “If I had known this would happen, I would have chosen another day”, suggest about her feelings?   B. She regrets the unintended misunderstanding. 3. How does Tenali Rama’s response reflect his wisdom and problem-solving skills? Rama plans a humorous yet indirect strategy to make the king understand, showing both patience and cleverness. 4. The king’s reaction shows that he is sensitive and ________. (has a lot of faith/takes great pride) in his poetry. Answer:  The king’s reaction shows that he is sensitive and takes great pride  in his poetry. Let us Think and Reflect – II | Page 8-9 1. Why was the Vijayanagara Empire considered to be in its ‘Golden Era’ during Krishnadeva Raya’s reign? It was called the Golden Era because art, literature, and architecture flourished under the wise and powerful rule of Krishnadeva Raya. 2. How did Tenali Ramakrishna gain a special place in the king’s court? His quick wit, humour, and clever solutions to problems made him the king’s trusted poet and advisor. 3. How did the quarrel between the king and the queen affect the palace? The palace became silent and gloomy as the king stopped speaking to the queen. 4. What strategy did Tenali Rama use to make the king realise his mistake? He used the example of sowing paddy seeds and linked it humorously to yawning, making the king reflect on his behaviour. 5. What was the reaction of the courtiers when Tenali Rama introduced his ‘special’ paddy seeds? The courtiers laughed and mocked his claim, thinking it was impossible. 6. How does the story conclude, and what lesson can be learnt from it? The king apologized to the queen, and harmony returned. The story teaches that wit, patience, and understanding resolve conflicts. To be Continued later this week. Keep visiting the site.

Communication is a vital part of our everyday lives, affecting how we connect with others and navigate the world around us. Clear communication serves as the foundation for building strong relationships, fostering understanding, resolving conflicts, and promoting collaboration in various settings, from personal relationships to professional environments. In this blog post, we will explore the significance of effective communication skills, practical ways to enhance them, and the impact they have on our daily interactions. Understanding Communication Skills Communication skills refer to the ability to convey information, emotions, and ideas effectively. These skills include both verbal and non-verbal communication, which means how we speak, write, and even how we use body language to express ourselves. Poor communication can lead to misunderstandings, conflicts, and even lost opportunities, while effective communication can enhance our personal and professional lives. The Significance of Clear Communication Clear communication is crucial in everyday life as it helps to ensure that messages are received and understood as intended. For instance, think about a situation at work where a team is assigned a project. If the project’s goals are not communicated clearly, team members may go in different directions, wasting time and resources. In contrast, clear communication helps to build trust and encourages teamwork. When people feel heard and understood, they are more likely to engage positively, be open to collaboration, and express their ideas freely. This is particularly important in a workplace, where effective communication can drive productivity and innovation. Improving Your Communication Skills Improving communication skills requires practice and dedication. Here are some effective ways to enhance your communication: Active Listening : Listening is just as important as speaking. Pay attention to what others are saying without formulating your response while they are speaking. This ensures that you fully understand their message. Be Clear and Concise : Avoid jargon and convoluted language. Aim to express your ideas clearly and succinctly. Simplicity is often key to being understood. Use Non-Verbal Cues : Body language, eye contact, and facial expressions can enhance or detract from your message. Be mindful of your non-verbal communication, as it can communicate just as much as your words. Ask Questions : This shows that you are engaged in the conversation. It also helps clarify points you may not fully understand. Adapt Your Communication Style : Different situations and audiences require different approaches. Being adaptable in your style can make your communication more effective. Seek Feedback : Ask for feedback on your communication from trusted colleagues or friends. Constructive feedback can provide insights into areas for improvement. Practice Empathy : Consider other people’s feelings and perspectives when communicating. This helps in crafting messages that resonate and foster understanding. What are the 7 Effective Communication Skills? Listening Skills : As mentioned, active listening plays a pivotal role in effective communication. Verbal Communication : The ability to articulate thoughts and ideas clearly using spoken words. Non-Verbal Communication : Effective use of body language and facial expressions to convey messages. Written Communication : Writing clearly and concisely in emails, documents, and social media. Empathy : Understanding and respecting the feelings and perspectives of others. Confidence : Conveying your message with conviction and assurance enhances credibility. Open-Mindedness : Being receptive to new ideas and differing opinions can promote healthy discussions. The Role of Communication in Conflict Resolution Conflict is a common occurrence in everyday life, and effective communication is crucial in resolving disputes. For example, in personal relationships, misunderstandings can lead to arguments if not addressed properly. Approaching conflicts calmly and with open communication can help clarify issues and lead to resolutions. In professional settings, conflicts can arise between team members due to differences in opinions or expectations. Effective communicators can facilitate constructive discussions that bring about teamwork solutions rather than divisiveness. Statistics on Communication in the Workplace Studies have shown that clear communication in the workplace significantly impacts employee engagement and productivity. According to a report by the Harvard Business Review, teams that communicate effectively achieve 25% more productivity than those that do not. Furthermore, a survey conducted by LinkedIn revealed that 57% of workers believe effective communication contributes to job satisfaction. These statistics highlight the importance of honing communication skills in both personal and professional realms. Communication Skills in Personal Relationships Communication skills also play a significant role in building and maintaining personal relationships. Partners who communicate effectively are more likely to resolve conflicts amicably and foster a deeper understanding of each other’s needs. Active listening, empathy, and open-mindedness are essential in relationships. Consider a situation where one partner is feeling down. A partner who listens actively and expresses empathy is likely to strengthen their bond, demonstrating that they care and are invested in each other’s well-being. Actionable Recommendations for Personal Relationships Schedule Regular Check-Ins : Make time to talk openly with family and friends about feelings and any necessary topics. Practice Active Listening : Focus on what the other person is saying without forming a response until they finish. Express Appreciation : Remember to acknowledge and appreciate each other’s contributions and feelings regularly. Use "I" Statements : Instead of saying “You always…” use “I feel…” to express your feelings without placing blame. Building a Culture of Communication Fostering a culture of communication within a group or organization can lead to significant benefits. Whether in a workplace, school, or community group, encouraging open lines of communication can lead to innovation and better problem-solving. Encourage Open Dialogue : Create environments where people feel safe to share their opinions without fear of judgment. Utilize Technology : Leverage communication tools and platforms that facilitate easy interaction among members. Develop Communication Policies : Establish guidelines on communication practices to ensure clarity and respect. By working together to develop a culture of clear communication, groups can achieve greater cohesion, enhance collaboration, and improve overall outcomes. In summary, the importance of clear communication in everyday life cannot be overstated. From personal relationships to professional settings, effective communication skills help foster understanding, collaboration, and conflict resolution. By practicing active listening, being clear and concise, and seeking feedback, individuals can significantly improve their interactions and strengthen their relationships. If you are looking to enhance your communication skills, consider exploring resources and training that can provide you with tools and strategies for effective interaction. The ability to communicate clearly and effectively is a lifelong skill, critical to personal and professional success.

Effective communication is crucial in both personal and professional realms. One significant element that impacts how clearly we convey our thoughts is our usage of tenses. Tenses help specify time frames and clarify whether an action is ongoing, completed, or upcoming. Understanding English tenses not only improves our grammar but enhances our overall communication skills. English Tenses English tenses can be broadly categorized into three main types: past, present, and future. Each of these tenses is further divided into four aspects: simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous. Together, these formations give us the ability to express nuanced meanings about any action or situation. Past Tense : Used to describe actions that have already happened. Examples: "I walked to the store." or "She studied for the exam." Present Tense : Used to discuss actions happening now or habitual actions. Examples: "I walk to the store every day." or "She studies every evening." Future Tense : Used to describe actions that will happen. Examples: "I will walk to the store." or "She will study for the exam." Different tenses provide essential context and clarity. For instance, if someone says, "I run a marathon," it implies a habitual action, whereas, "I ran a marathon," indicates that it is a completed action. Importance of Each Tense Understanding the importance of each tense contributes to clear communication. Each tense serves a distinct purpose that helps the listener or reader comprehend the time frame and nature of the action being described. Clarity : Using the correct tense ensures that your message is understood clearly. For instance, saying "I am eating" specifies the present action, while "I was eating" refers to a completed action in the past. Context : The tense you choose provides the necessary context for your message. It lets others know whether the action is ongoing or completed, thus preventing misunderstandings. Engagement : Proper tense usage can make your writing or speech more engaging. It helps set the scene and draws readers into your story, making them feel the action as it unfolds. Here's an example of how different tenses can change the meaning within a narrative: "I feel nostalgic about my childhood." (Present tense) "I felt nostalgic about my childhood." (Past tense) "I will feel nostalgic about my childhood." (Future tense) The subtle shift in tenses changes the timeframe of the emotion being expressed. When to Use Each Tense in English? Knowing when to use each tense is crucial for effective communication. Here’s a breakdown of when to use different tenses: Simple Tenses Simple Present : Use for habitual actions and universally true statements. Example: "The sun rises in the east." Simple Past : Use for actions completed at a definite time in the past. Example: "They traveled to Paris last summer." Simple Future : Use for actions that have yet to occur. Example: "We will go shopping tomorrow." Continuous Tenses Present Continuous : Use for actions currently in progress. Example: "I am writing a blog post." Past Continuous : Use for actions ongoing at a specific time in the past. Example: "They were playing football when it started to rain." Future Continuous : Use for actions that will be in progress at a certain time in the future. Example: "I will be working at 10 AM tomorrow." Perfect Tenses Present Perfect : Use for actions completed at some indefinite time before now. Example: "I have finished my homework." Past Perfect : Use to express an action completed before another past action. Example: "She had left before I arrived." Future Perfect : Use for actions that will be completed before a specified future time. Example: "I will have completed the project by next week." Perfect Continuous Tenses Present Perfect Continuous : Use for actions that started in the past and are still continuing, or have recently stopped. Example: "I have been studying for three hours." Past Perfect Continuous : Use for actions that were ongoing in the past before another action occurred. Example: "He had been working there for five years before he quit." Future Perfect Continuous : Use for actions that will continue up to a point in the future. Example: "By next month, I will have been living here for a year." Each tense varies in its use and understanding, which makes mastering them vital for clear and effective communication. Practical Tips for Mastering English Tenses Understanding English tenses can seem overwhelming, but here are some practical tips to help you master them: Practice Daily : Use each tense in daily conversations or writing. Consistent practice will help you remember how to use them correctly. Read Regularly : Pay attention to the tenses used in books, articles, or online content. Observing how skilled writers employ tenses can reinforce your understanding. Use Flashcards : Create flashcards with examples of each tense. Quiz yourself to reinforce your learning. Engage in Exercises : Participate in online activities and quizzes that focus on tense usage. This interactive approach can enhance your skills. Seek Feedback : Write journal entries or essays in English and share them with someone proficient in the language. Constructive criticism can pinpoint areas needing improvement. Mastering tenses is a gradual process, but the clear communication it fosters makes the effort worthwhile. If you're looking for more insights, check out this comprehensive resource on english tense usage . The Effect of Tenses on Communication Proper tense usage can make a significant impact on how effectively we communicate. It can prevent misunderstandings and clarify our intentions. Whether you are writing an email, giving a presentation, or telling a story, the incorrect use of tenses can lead to confusion. For example, consider the following sentences: "I want to eat dinner." (Present tense) "I wanted to eat dinner." (Past tense) The first sentence implies a current desire, while the second one suggests that the desire has passed. The difference can significantly affect how the listener interprets the message. Moreover, in professional settings, incorrect tense usage might convey unprofessionalism or a lack of attention to detail. Being precise boosts credibility and portrays a strong command of the language. By integrating the correct tenses in our speech and writing, we can create a more transparent and engaging communication style. Final Thoughts Mastering English tenses is essential for anyone looking to communicate effectively. With a clear understanding of how and when to use each tense, you set the foundation for successful interactions. Utilizing these insights will ultimately lead to more engaging conversations and improved writing skills. Remember that practice is key. By applying what you learn, you will gradually become more proficient, leading to clearer and more effective communication in your personal and professional life.

Lesson Architecture 1. NCERT Solution 2. Theme 3. Story Sequence 4. Recapitulation 5. Extra Questions NCERT Solution Understanding the Text (page 6) 1. The Three pha ses of the author’s relationship with his grandmother before he left the country to study abroad. Ans: (a) His parents left the author under the pastoral care of his grandmother when they left the village for the city. (b) The author started going to an English school in the city. (c) The author went to the university and he was assigned a separate room for studies. 2. Three reasons why the author’s grandmother was disturbed when he started going to the city school. Ans: (a) She could not help the author with his lessons. (b) She could not teach him about God and scriptures. (c) The author starte d getting lessons in music as the grandmother thought that Music had lewd association. 3. Three ways in which the author’s grandmother spent her days after he grew up. Ans: (a) She spent time at the spinning wheel. (b) She spent her time in chanting her rosary and prayers. (c) She spent her happiest hours feeding hundreds of sparrows in the verandah. 4. The odd ways in which the author’s grandmother behaved just before she died. (a) She missed her prayers for the first time in her life. (b) She invited the neighbourhood women and thumped a drum and sang songs of homecoming of warriors to celebrate the return of the author from abroad. (c) She lay down peacefully in bed praying and telling her beads. 5. The way in which the sparrows expressed their sorrow when the author’s grandmother died. Ans: (a) Thousands of sparrows lay scattered on the floor of the verandah and in her room. (b) They took no notice of the bread crumbs thrown to them by the author’s mother. (c) They quietly flew away when the grandmother’s dead body was carried away. Talking about the text 1. The author’s grandmother was a religious person. What are the different ways in which we come to know this? Ans: The following are the ways in which we come to know that grandmother was a religious lady. (i) While she used to make the author ready for the school, she herself kept chanting the morning prayers. (ii) She dropped the author in the school because there was a temple attached to school where she used to visit to read scriptures for the entire duration of the school time. (iii) Later on, when the author took admission to a city school, she was disturbed to know that there were no lessons on God and the scriptures. (iv) At the time of her death she lay in her bed and peacefully prayed till she breathed her last. 2. Describe the changing relationship between the author and his grandmother. Did their feelings for each other change? Ans: (i) The first change in relationship can be observed when the author shifted to the city where the grandmother could no longer accompany the author in the city school. (ii) As he grew up, they saw less of each other and therefore, they interacted rarely. (iii) Later on when the author went to the University , the common link of friendship was snapped as he was given a separate room in the house. No, their feelings for each other did not change. The grandmother went to see the author off in the railway station when the latter left for abroad fo r higher studies. She was beyond herself with joy when the author came back home from abroad after five years. All these instances suggest that they shared a strong bond with one another. 3. Would you agree that the author’s grandmother was a person strong in character? If yes, give instances that show this. Ans: The following are the instances to suggest that the grandmother was a person strong in character. (i) The grandmother took care of the author very responsibly when the author’s parents left for the city. She was very caring and under her pastoral care, the author had a very jovial childhood. (ii) She always kept herself busy when they all shifted to the city. When the author was given a separate room, she accepted her resignation with seclusion. (iii) She did not show her emotional outburst when the author went abroad for higher studies. She went to the railway station to see him off, planted a parting kiss on his forehead and controlled her emotions strongly. (iv) She had extreme faith in God and her prayers, which was reason for her indomitable strength in character. (v) When the author returned from abroad, she celebrated his return in a grand manner by inviting the neighbourhood women and thumping the drums and singing songs of homecoming of warriors. (vi) At the time of her death, she showed her religious bent of mind by chanting silent prayers on her lips. 4. Have you known someone like the author’s grandmother? Do you feel the same sense of loss with regard to someone whom you have loved and lost? Ans: This is a subjective answer. Please write down according to your experience. Theme: This story is taken from Khushwant Singh’s book’ The Mark of Vishnu and Other Stories.’ The story deals with the author’s memories of childhood days spent with his grandmother. It highlights the strong emotional bond of love & affection that was present in Indian joint families. The story describes the three phases of changing relationship between the author & his grandmother. The lesson also highlights the devout religious nature of the author’s grandmother. The lesson also portrays the grandmother as a woman of strong and responsible character. Story Sequence: The author’s grandmother was a very old woman- so old that it was difficult to imagine that she had even been young or pretty. The author’s grandfather whose portrait was hung in the drawing room also looked so old in the picture that he too did not appear to have a wife or children. The grandmother was a wrinkled old lady with grey hair. She use to wear clean white clothes and constantly chanted on the beads of the prayer garland. She was the embodiment of peace and contentment. When the author’s parents moved to the city, the author was left in the company of his grandmother in the village. While getting him ready for the school, she used to chant her prayers so that the author would pick up. The author never learnt the prayers , but listened as he loved his grandmother’s voice. The Grandmother always accompanied him to the school which was attached to the temple. When the little children attended the school, she used to read the scriptures. On her way back from the school, she always fed the stray dogs on bits of stale chapattis that she carried from home. But the turning point in their friendship took place when the author’s parents sent for the him and his grandmother in the city. He gradually became detached with his grandmother as the grandmother could neither accompany him to the city school, nor could help him with his studies. She took to feeding sparrows as there were no dogs to feed in the city. She did not like many things that were taught to the author. Therefore, a prominent change could be visible in their friendship. The author was given a separate room in the house when he went to the university and this separation has brought about a marked distance in the last link of their friendship. His grandmother started spending most of her time at the spinning wheel and kept on reciting her prayers. In the evening, she threw little bits of bread to the sparrows who came in hundreds and sat around her. Some of the sparrows used to sit even on her legs and shoulders. It used to be the happiest half hour of the day for her. Then the time came for the author to go abroad for five years to pursue higher studies. His grandmother came to the railway station and planted a kiss on his forehead at the time of parting. Her lips moved in prayer constantly while her fingers moved over the beads of the rosary. While leaving the author thought that perhaps it was the last physical contact with his grandmother. But fortunately when he returned after five years, the grandmother did not look even a day older. She spent even happier moments with the sparrows. One day in the evening a change came over her. She collected the women of the neighbourhood , took an old drum and sang for many hours to celebrated the return of her grandson. The next morning his grandmother suffered from a mild fever. She started praying and chanting on her beads. Suddenly the rosary fell from her hands and her lips stopped moving. And she died. Her body was wrapped in a red shroud and laid on the floor. But in the evening when a stretcher was taken to carry her dead body, golden light filled her room and verandah and thousands of sparrows sat silently around her body. The author’s mother threw some bread crumbs to the sparrows, but they did not take any notice of them. When the dead body was carried off for cremation, the sparrows silently few away. Even the birds reacted to the death of the grandmother. Recapitulation: The author’s grandmother was an old wrinkled lady, short and slightly bent. Her hands rested on her waist to balance her stoop. She used to wear spotless white clothes and she looked like she is the embodiment of peace and happiness. She was very pious and constantly kept her hands on her rosary. She took great care of the author in the village when his parents moved to the city. His school was attached to a temple and she always accompanied him to the village school. A distance suddenly came up when the grandmother and the author left for the city. The grandmother did not approve of the English medium school where he was taught Science and Music. Grandmother spent her time in the city at her spinning wheel, reciting prayers or feeding the sparrows. The last link of friendship was broken when the author studies in the university and was given a separate room. The author went to abroad and returned after five years. He was surprised to find his grandmother still alive. She was excited to see her grandchild back and collected the neighbourhood women to sing songs. The next day she developed mild fever, but she kept on praying. Suddenly the rosary fell from her hands and her lips stopped moving. And she died. When the dead body was carried off for cremation, the sparrows silently few away. Even the birds reacted to the death of the grandmother. Extra Questions Q1. What was the happiest moment of the day for the Grandmother? Why? · She broke bread into small crumbs and scattered around her for the sparrows. · They came and ate and sat on her head and shoulders. · She enjoyed the chirping and hopping of the sparrows. Q2. Why was the author’s grandmother unhappy with the city education? · Teaching of Science and English incurred displeasure in the minds of the grandmother. · There was no teaching about God and scriptures. · Music lessons were taught in the school which the grandmother disapproved of. Q3. How did the sparrows express their sorrow at the death of the grandmother? · Thousands of sparrows sat in proximity to her body without chirruping. · They did not eat bread given by the author’s mother. · They simply flew away after her body was taken away. Q4. What was the last physical contact with his grandmother? · The grandmother planted a moist kiss on his forehead when he was going abroad. · He presumed that it was his last physical contact with her because she being terribly old, had no hope of survival. · Fortunately she was alive and hugged him when he came back from abroad. Q5. What did Khushwant Singh’s grandmother think of education in the city school? · Khushwant Singh’s grandmother did not approve of the education in the city school. · She could not understand English and science. · She did not approve of the fact that religious instructions were not given in the school. · When Khushwant Singh started pursuing music, she was embarrassed.

Lesson Architecture 1. Author Biography 2. Theme of the Poem 3. Stanza-wise Vocabulary with paraphrase. 4. Short Summary 5. NCERT Solution 6. Extra Questions for Practice. Author Biography: Shirley Toulson was a British writer, journalist, and poet known for her reflective and poignant verse. She often explored themes of memory, loss, and the passage of time . Born in England, she studied English literature and later worked as a teacher and editor. Her poetry is marked by emotional depth and simplicity. In "A Photograph,"  she expresses personal grief over her mother's death with gentle sensitivity. Toulson’s work resonates with readers for its personal yet universal emotions , making her a notable voice in modern poetry that connects past and present through vivid imagery and quiet reflection. 2. Theme of the Poem: This poem highlights the nostalgic moment of the poetess about the memory of her mother who has been captured inside a photograph. The photograph shows the poet’s mother as a jubilant young girl with her cousins on a beach. The poem focusses on the mortal nature of human beings vis-à-vis the immortality of nature. There is all pervasive sadness throughout the poem. The poetess shows the transient nature of human life as against the perennial nature indicated in the poem by the example of a sea. 3. Stanza-Wise Vocabulary with Paraphrase Line 1 – 4: The cardboard shows me how it was When the two girl cousins went paddling , Each one holding one of my mother’s hands, Vocabulary: 1. Cardboard : thick hard paper used to frame photos. 2. Paddling : Walking through shallow water. Paraphrase The cardboard photograph reminds the poetess of her mother. The beach scene of the poetess’ mother with her two cousins for water sport is displayed in photograph . Each of the cousins was holding the hand of her mother’s hands. They were walking bare feet on the shallow water of the sea. Line 5 – 9 All three stood still to smile through their hair At the uncle with the camera. A sweet face, My mother’s, that was before I was born. And the sea, which appears to have changed less , Washed their terribly transient feet Vocabulary 1. smile through their hair : their hair strewn over the face by the sea breeze when they smiled at the camera. 2. which appears to have changed less : The sea, which is a part of nature, has not changed. 3. transient feet : human feet are personified as having a short life span as against immortal nature. Paraphrase: All three girls posed for the camera while their hair dangled over their face. They smiled at the uncle as he was taking the photograph. The poetess admires the sweet and tender face of her mother during her youthful days. The poetess regrets that the sea, which is a part of perennial nature, washed away their transient feet. Here, by transient feet, the poetess indicates the mortality of human beings. Line 10 – 13: Some twenty — thirty — years later She’d laugh at the snapshot . “See Betty And Dolly ,” she’d say, “and look how they Dressed us for the beach.” The sea holiday Vocabulary: 1. Snapshot : photograph. 2. Betty And Dolly: Two cousins of the poetess’ mother. Paraphrase: Twenty-Thirty years later the poetess’ mother would laugh at her own picture. Her mother would refer to her two cousins. The way the y all got dressed up for the sea holiday appeared to be strange to the poetess’ mother. Line 14 – 15: Was her past, mine is her laughter. Both wry With the laboured ease of loss . Vocabulary: 1. Both wry: Both here refers to the sea holiday of the poetess’ mother and the smile of the poetess’ mother that the poetess now badly misses. Both have disappeared now. 2. l aboured ease of loss: Both the past memories- her mother’s sea holiday and for the poetess her mother’s smile have suffered a sense of loss, which is hard to come to terms with . ( i.e. hard to accept) Paraphrase: The poetess says that her mother’s sea holiday and the beautiful smile that her mother always wore on her face both disappeared with the passage of time. It is very difficult for the mother of the poetess to forget her sea holiday and for the poetess her mother’s lively smile. Both of them have at different point of time experienced a sense of loss, which is very difficult to accept . Line 16 – 19: Now she’s been dead nearly as many years As that girl lived. And of this circumstance There is nothing to say at all. Its silence silences . Vocabulary: 1. as many years as that girl lived: The poet's mother was around 12 years old  in the photograph. She lived a full life , long enough to become a mother  and recall the photograph with laughter . Now, she has been dead for nearly 12 years  — as long as she had lived in that photo . 2. this circumstance: the circumstance here refers to the moment pertaining to the death of the poetess’ mother. 3. Its silence silences : The silence caused due to the death of her mother silences the poetess as well. She is just speechless when she is reminded of the moment when her mother died. Paraphrase: The poet's mother has been dead for about 12 years , which is roughly the age she was in the photograph — a poetic way of marking the passage of time and expressing loss. The poetess thinks that the circumstance that has led to the death of her mother is so painful that she has nothing to say about it. The silence cau sed at the death of her mother has silenced everything else as it is very painful. NCERT SOLUTION Think It Out Q1. What doe the word ‘cardboard’ denote in the poem? Why has this word been used? Ans: ‘Cardboard’ denotes a thick hard paper which has been used as a support to frame photos. The cardboard carries the photograph of the poetess’ mother when she was merely 12-year-old. The word has been used to convey the message that it has survived the onslaught of time to show the smiling face of a 12-yr-old girl who has lived and died a long time ago. The word also symbolically represents the transitory life of human beings against the permanence of any art form. Q2. What has the camera captured? The camera has captured three girls on a sea holiday. Each of the two cousins was holding the hand of the poetess’ mother. Q3. What has not changed over the years? Does this suggest something to you? The sea, which is a part of nature, has not changed over the years. This suggests to us the permanence of nature. Nature is perennial whereas human beings are transitory in this wo rld. Q4. The poet’s mother laughed at the snapshot. What did this laugh indicate? This laugh on the part of the poet’s mother indicates that she became nostalgic. She also lived that pleasurable moments with her cousins and uncle on the sea beach in her memory. Q5. What is the meaning of the line ‘Both wry with the laboured ease of loss.’? The mother had to reconcile to the loss of her happiness of sea holiday whereas the poet had to come to terms with the loss of her mother’s beautiful smile. Both have suffered a sense of loss, which is hard to accept. Q6. What does ‘this circumstance’ refer to? This circumstance refers to the moment which caused the death of the poet’s mother. The death of her mother had created a vacuum in the life of the poet. Q7. The three stanzas depict three different phases. What are they? The first phase depict the mother as a twelve-year-old girl, who went on a beach holiday with her two cousins. The second phase depicts the poet’s mother as a middle-aged woman who laughs at the memory of her childhood photo. The third phase depicts the tinge of sadness and repentance on the part of the poet at having lost her mother who has been shown to have died. CB Questions Extract 1 The cardboard shows me how it was When the two girl cousins went paddling, Each one holding one of my mother’s hands, And she the big girl — some twelve years or so. Q1. What literary device is employed in the phrase "The cardboard shows me how it was"? A. Metaphor B. Simile C. Personification D. Symbolism Q2. How does the speaker feel as she look at the cardboard? A. Joyful nostalgia B. Profound sadness C. Indifference D. Confusion Q3. What does the image of the two girl cousins paddling symbolize in the poem? A. Childhood innocence B. Regret and loss C. Maternal love D. Future aspirations Q4. In the line "And she the big girl — some twelve years or so," what emotion is associated with the phrase "the big girl"? A. Pride B. Maturity C. Regret D. Envy Q5. How does the use of the word "paddling" contribute to the mood of the poem? A. Elicits a sense of playfulness B. Evokes a feeling of urgency C. Creates a somber atmosphere D. Induces nostalgia Non-MCQs: Q6. Explain the impact of the speaker's choice of words on portraying memories in the description of the cardboard. Ans: The speaker's use of "cardboard" suggests a tangible representation of memories, emphasizing their fragility and the potential for distortion over time. This choice underscores the theme of the impermanence of memories and the struggle to preserve the authenticity of past experiences. Q7. Explore the emotional undertones conveyed through the image of the two girl cousins holding the speaker's mother's hands while paddling. Ans: The image conveys a sense of familial connection and shared experiences. The act of holding hands symbolizes unity and support, emphasizing the bond between family members. The speaker likely experiences a mix of nostalgia and melancholy, reflecting on the passage of time and the fleeting nature of childhood. Q8. Discuss why the speaker reflects on this specific childhood memory and its connection to the poem's theme. Ans: The speaker may reflect on this childhood memory to explore themes of nostalgia, loss, and the impact of time on personal recollections. The specific details of the memory, such as the two girl cousins paddling and holding the mother's hands, may hold symbolic significance, representing moments of innocence and familial closeness. The reflection serves as a lens through which the speaker grapples with the transient nature of time and the preservation of cherished memories. Extract 2 A sweet face, My mother’s, that was before I was born. And the sea, which appears to have changed less, Washed their terribly transient feet. Q1. What is the speaker's tone when describing their mother's face as "A sweet face"? A. Regretful B. Nostalgic C. Melancholic D. Critical Q2. How does the speaker perceive the sea in relation to her mother's past? A. Unchanging B. Transient C. Indifferent D. Hostile Q3. What does the phrase "terribly transient feet" suggest about the individuals mentioned? A. They are physically unstable. B. Their presence is temporary. C. They possess extraordinary agility. D. They are emotionally detached. Q4. In the line "That was before I was born," what effect does the temporal reference have on the poem? A. It evokes a sense of separation. B. It signifies a new beginning. C. It emphasizes continuity. D. It creates a feeling of regret. Q5. How does the speaker's observation of the sea contribute to the theme of the poem? A. It highlights the constancy of nature. B. It symbolizes the passage of time. C. It represents the changing tides of life. D. It conveys a sense of tranquility. Q6. Analyze the impact of the temporal reference "before I was born" on the speaker's perception of her mother. Ans: The temporal reference "before I was born" creates a temporal distance between the speaker and the moment described. It adds a layer of separation, emphasizing that the sweetness of the mother's face existed in a time preceding the speaker's existence. This temporal gap contributes to the speaker's reflection on the transient nature of time and memories. Q7. Explore the symbolism behind the sea and its role in conveying the theme of transience in the poem. Ans: The sea serves as a powerful symbol of continuity and change. Its apparent unchanging nature contrasts with the transient nature of human experiences. The washing of "terribly transient feet" in the sea symbolizes the fleeting and impermanent nature of life. The sea becomes a visual metaphor for the passage of time and the inevitable changes that occur. Q8. Discuss the emotional nuances conveyed through the description of the mother's face as "A sweet face" and its connection to the speaker's reflections. Ans: The description of the mother's face as "A sweet face" conveys a tender and affectionate emotion. The sweetness suggests a fond and cherished memory of the mother's visage. This emotional nuance is likely tied to the speaker's reflections on the passage of time and the realization that the depicted moment occurred before the speaker's birth. The sweetness becomes a poignant element in the speaker's contemplation of transience and the changing dynamics of life. Extract 3 ”The sea holiday Was her past, mine is her laughter. Both wry With the laboured ease of loss. Now she’s been dead nearly as many years As that girl lived. And of this circumstance There is nothing to say at all. Its silence silences. Q1. How does the speaker characterize their own past in relation to the sea holiday? A. Nostalgic B. Joyful C. Contemplative D. Regretful Q2. What emotional quality is attributed to the laughter mentioned in the line "Mine is her laughter"? A. Wry B. Boisterous C. Melancholic D. Hysterical Q3. What does the phrase "Both wry With the laboured ease of loss" suggest about the speaker and the girl from the past? A. They share a humorous outlook on life. B. They bear the weight of loss with difficulty. C. They find ease in experiencing loss. D. They approach loss with indifference. Q4. In the line "Now she’s been dead nearly as many years As that girl lived," what is the effect of comparing the years of the speaker's mother's death to the girl's life? A. It emphasizes the brevity of the girl's life. B. It highlights the duration of the mother's absence. C. It creates a sense of symmetry and reflection. D. It suggests a parallelism between the two timelines. Q5. How does the phrase "Its silence silences" contribute to the overall theme of the poem? A. It emphasizes the power of spoken words. B. It conveys the ineffability of certain circumstances. C. It signifies the end of communication. D. It introduces a hopeful tone. Q6. Analyze the dual nature of the laughter mentioned in the poem, connecting it to the theme of loss. Ans: The laughter in the poem seems to carry a bittersweet quality, reflecting both joy and sorrow. It becomes a poignant reminder of the speaker's mother's past happiness, now overlaid with the weight of loss. This duality enhances the theme of transience and the complex emotions tied to memories. Q7. How does comparing the years of the mother's death to the girl's life impact the reader's perception of time and loss in the poem? Ans: The comparison creates a poignant parallelism, emphasizing the finite nature of life. It prompts reflection on the brevity of existence and the enduring impact of loss. The juxtaposition of timelines serves to underscore the universality of experiences, where one life ends, and another continues. Q8. Explain how "Its silence silences" conveys the emotional depth of the circumstance in the poem. Ans:   "Its silence silences" encapsulates the profound emotional impact of the circumstance. The repetition of "silence" intensifies the depth of the unspoken grief and loss, emphasizing the inability to articulate the complex emotions tied to the mother's death. The phrase signifies the overwhelming and inexpressible nature of the silence surrounding such significant life events.

Answer the following grammar questions bases on the instructions given below: Complete any ten of the following twelve tasks as directed. Complete any ten of the following twelve tasks as directed. 10x1=10 (i) Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option to complete a school notice. Students ______ report to the auditorium for the workshop on career guidance. (a) may (b) must (c) will (d) can (ii) Read the conversation between Maya and her brother. Complete the sentence by reporting Maya’s reply correctly. Brother : Maya, have you seen my headphones? Maya : No, I haven’t seen them since yesterday. Her brother asked Maya if she had seen his headphones. In response, Maya said that ______ (iii) Select the correct option to fill in the blank for the given line from a health article. Children ______ learn healthy eating habits early in life to prevent lifestyle diseases. (a) could (b) must (c) shall (d) might (iv) Select the option that identifies the error and supplies the correction for the following line, from a press release. The team of volunteers has distribute food packets to flood-affected families. Error Correction (a) has have (b) distribute distributed (c) packets packet (d) families family (v) Fill in the blank by using the correct form of the word in the bracket. The players (practice) ______ regularly to maintain their performance before the finals. (vi) Report the dialogue between a teacher and a student by completing the sentence. Teacher : Why haven’t you submitted your project? Student : I was unwell and could not complete it. The teacher asked the student why he had not submitted the project. The student replied that __________ (vii) Identify the error in the given sentence and supply the correction: The children enjoyed the puppet show on the cultural fest. Error Correction (viii) Mohit shared details of his painting exhibition with his friend Aarav. Report Aarav’s question. 'Did many people attend your exhibition?' (ix) Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option to complete the public awareness slogan. _______ we act now, climate change will cause irreversible damage. (a) If (b) Until (c) Unless (d) Though (x) Select the correct option to complete the narration of the dialogue between Nisha and her cousin Tia. Nisha : I couldn’t find your name in the attendance sheet. Tia : I joined the session late. Nisha told Tia that she couldn’t find her name in the attendance sheet and Tia replied that __ (a) she has joined late (b) she joined the session late (c) she had joined the session late (d) she was joining late (xi) Report the dialogue between two classmates by completing the sentence. Kabir : How did you prepare for the debate? Neha : I watched videos and read articles online. In response to Kabir’s question, Neha shared that ________ (xii) Identify the error in the given sentence and supply the correction: One of the girl has won the inter-school essay competition. Answer Key (i)  Students ______ report to the auditorium for the workshop on career guidance. Answer:  (b) must (ii)  Her brother asked Maya if she had seen his headphones. In response, Maya said that she had not seen them since the previous day. (iii)  Children ______ learn healthy eating habits early in life to prevent lifestyle diseases. Answer:  (b) must (iv)  Error: distribute Correction: distributed Corrected sentence: The team of volunteers has distributed  food packets to flood-affected families. (v)  The players ______ regularly to maintain their performance before the finals. Answer:   practiced (vi)  The teacher asked the student why he had not submitted the project. The student replied that he was unwell and could not complete it. (vii)  Error: enjoys Correction: enjoy Corrected sentence: The children enjoy  the puppet show during the cultural fest. (viii)  Reported question: Aarav asked Mohit if many people had attended his exhibition. (ix)  ______ we act now, climate change will cause irreversible damage. Answer:  (c) Unless (x)  Nisha told Tia that she couldn’t find her name in the attendance sheet and Tia replied (c) she had joined the session late (xi)  In response to Kabir’s question, Neha shared that she had watched videos and read articles online. (xii)  Error: girl Correction: girls Corrected sentence: One of the girls  has won the inter-school essay competition.

Lesson Architecture Theme Lesson At-A-Glance NCERT Solution Extra Questions Theme: The lesson is a humorous piece portraying the status of a mother in a family. The housewife mothers are always taken for granted by the members of her family. This lesson is education as the playwright brings about reformation in the family of Mrs. Pearson with the help of personality exchange with a lady called Mrs. Fitzgerald. This play provides a glimpse into the miserable lives of mothers who are house-wives who work non-stop from morning to night for keeping their family members happy. The story teaches us to be thoughtful and respectful to our mothers. Lesson At-A-Glance Mrs. Pearson is a committed wife and mother who caters to each and every demand of her husband George and children Doris and Cyril. All the three family members of her family take Mrs. Pearson for granted and do not help her out in any of the domestic chores. Mrs. Pearson conveys her family matters to her neighbour Mrs. Fitzgerald who opined that her tender and compliant nature is responsible for her present state of affairs at home. Both Mrs. Fitzgerald and Mrs Pearson agree to exchange their personalities with each other. They both hold hands and their personalities get transferred. Doris is shocked to discover her mother smoking on returning home. As usual she commands her mother to prepare tea. But Mrs. Pearson remains indifferent towards her demand, which surprises Doris. Dorris shows her disappointment when she discovers that her yellow dress is not ironed by her mother. Mrs. Pearson teaches her lesson that being a grown up girl, she should do her work on her own. Mrs. Pearson's son Cyril comes home and discovers that Doris is crying and mother playing cards. Like his sister he also demands tea and snacks but is shocked to receive the same treatment from his mother. The children discuss their mother's strange behavior when they see her filling a glass of wine for herself. Mrs. Pearson informs her children that she would not work for more than eight hours henceforth and will also go for a vacation during weekend. She also declares that she would do some work on Saturday and Sunday only if she is acknowledged for her work. Her husband George Pearson enters the room and is annoyed that instead of preparing tea his wife is sipping wine and is a relaxed state of mind. When Mr. George informs his wife that he would have supper at the club, Mrs. Pearson gets annoyed at his attitude and rebukes him by telling him that people at the club make fun of him behind his back. When all the members of Mrs. Pearson are feeling uncomfortable, Mrs. Fitzgerald enters. All members of Mrs. Pearson's family look at each other in confusion when Mrs. Fitzgerald (actually Mrs.pearson) requests to have their personalities exchanged. Mrs. Pearson (actually Mrs. Fitzgerald) agrees on a condition that Mrs. Pearson would not go soft on her family again. They get into their original bodies and Mrs. Fitzgerald leaves. The mother, the children and husband smile at each other with relief and it is decided that they all will have the dinner together and play a game of rummy. The story ends at a happy note when all four members of Mrs. Pearson's family are seen in a family reunion mode by playing the game of rummy. NCERT Solution: 1.This play , written in the 1950s, is a humorous and satirical depiction of the status of the mother in the family. (i) What are the issues it raises? Ans: The major issue that the play raises in this story is the status of a mother in a family. She is not acknowledged for her work and all her hard work meets a watery grave. Her likes and dislikes , comforts and commitment for the family goes unnoticed and unrecognized. The play highlights the need for every member of a family to be self-reliant in so far as their domestic chores are concerned. They should not be dependent on their mothers for the accomplishment of their tasks. They should be non-complaining in nature and develop the sense of discipline and gratitude for each and every member of the family. (ii) Do you think it caricatures these issues or do you think that the problems it raises are genuine? How does the play resolve the issues? Do you agree with the resolution? Ans: The problems that the play raises are genuine and oft-repeated practice in every household of that time. Mothers are always taken for granted for all the hard work they do to keep their family members happy and comfortable. In return mothers are neither recognized nor given any relief from their relentless work schedule. The play resolves the issue with the help of personality exchange between Mrs. Pearson and Mrs. Fitzgerald. Although the personality exchange appears to be exaggerated, but this poetic license is required to set the errant family members back on the track. Yes, I am happy with the resolution of the conflict towards the end. The family members understand Mrs. Pearson and they all come together and live happily thereafter. 2. If you were to write about these issues today what are some of the incidents, examples and problems that you would think of as relevant? Ans: The issue raised by the playwright in the story is also relevant in India, especially in rural India. Urban India has undergone tremendous change with mothers being bread earners and financially independent in most of the families. In rural India the situation is very sad as the mothers have to bear the brunt of all kinds of household chores. They are uneducated in rural India and are always dependent on their husbands and in-laws for their sustenance. Therefore, they become victim of all kinds of exploitation and prejudice. The other issues that I would consider relevant if I am likely to write a play would include the following: Social Networking sites and its evil effects on teenagers. Violence on Women. Educated Unemployment Climate Change owing to Global warming. How has technology revolutionized our lives? Today's gadget-fed children. 3. Is drama a good medium for conveying a social message? Ans: Drama is indeed a good medium for conveying a social message due to the following reasons: In a drama every character with their roles transport the spectators into a world of their own making . As in a drama every character is in a live interaction with one another, so we are in a better position to understand the message conveyed by the playwright. Drama can be played in educational institutions, street, auditorium and can cater to a larger audience in so far as entertainment is concerned and therefore, the social message is conveyed through the medium of entertainment. Extra Questions 1.What kind of problem was being faced by Mrs. Pearson in her family? Ans: Mrs. Pearson bore the brunt of indiscriminate behaviour by her husband and children. She was working relentless for everyone from ironing their clothes to making food all by herself. Moreover, she was uncomplaining by nature. Her family members never showed any respect and concern for her hard work. 2. What did Mrs. Fitzgerald suggest to Mrs Pearson ? Ans: Mrs. Fitzgerald suggested to Mrs. Pearson that they should exchange their personalities so that Mrs. Pearson could be strong and assertive in behaviour like Mrs. Fitzgerald. Mrs. Fitzgerald claimed that she had learnt the art in the East. With the help of Mrs. Fitzgerald's strong and dominant personalities after the personality exchange, Mrs. Pearson could set the errant members of her family right. 3. How did Mrs. Pearson in the personality of Mrs. Fitzgerald reform the members of her family? Ans: Mrs. Pearson could bring about a tremendous change in the attitude of the members of her family towards her. George, Doris and Cyril were all ungrateful. They did not acknowledge or appreciate the labour and concern of Mrs. Pearson. They took her for granted. She did the following things to set the errant members of her family right. Her attitude towards Doris Mrs Pearson told Doris to make tea for herself. She was not going to help her in her work. she further told her that she might eat out if the she could not make the food at home. She further told her to iron her yellow dress herself. Mrs. Pearson was also very critical of Doris' boyfriend , Charlie Spence. Her Attitude towards Cyril Mrs. Pearson did not serve him tea and asked him not to be dependent. When Cyril asked whether his mother had put his tings out, she ignored him completely. Cyril reminded her of her promise to mend his clothes, but Mrs. Pearson refused saying that she would also refuse to do things she didn't like doing. She further told her children that she wouldn’t work on weekends. Her Attitude towards George George was surprised to see his wife drinking stout. She told him that she did not prepare any tea for him. He then became angry to see her attitude. She further told him that people at his club laugh at him because he is fat. At last Mrs Fitzgerald advised her not to go soft on the family again and give them a tough look be assertive on them so as to keep them on track. Q4. What was Mrs. Fitzgerald's final advice to Mrs. Pearson after they change back? Ans: She advised Mrs. Pearson to be firm and not to offer any explanation or apology. If she failed to comply with her advice, all her efforts to mend her family would go waste. She should be assertive and she was advised not to go soft on the family again.

Lesson Architecture Theme Summary Translation of Text into Hindi Word-Meanings Question-Answers Competency-Based Questions Three Days to See Theme The central theme of Three Days to See  revolves around the value of the senses , especially sight , and the importance of gratitude and mindfulness  in everyday life. Helen Keller, blind and deaf since early childhood, powerfully conveys how much people take their senses for granted. Through her imagined "three days of sight," she emphasizes the beauty and richness of the world that most overlook. Her reflections urge readers to cherish life’s simple pleasures and use their senses with greater awareness. The essay ultimately teaches us to live each day fully, appreciating the ordinary as extraordinary. Summary In Three Days to See , Helen Keller imagines what she would do if she were granted vision for just three days. Blind from infancy, Keller describes how she experiences the world through touch and how even a leaf or tree bark gives her immense joy. However, she longs to see the world visually. On the first day , she would look at the faces of her loved ones and appreciate the beauty of human expression. On the second day , she would observe nature at dawn and visit museums to see humanity’s historical and artistic achievements. On the third day , she would explore city life, watching people go about their daily routines and learning from their expressions. As her imaginary experience ends, Keller reminds readers that most people waste their senses and fail to see the world’s wonder. She urges everyone to live as if each day were their last chance to experience the world, using all senses fully. Her narrative is a powerful reflection on how sensory awareness leads to deeper appreciation and joy. Through her words, Keller inspires us to live with purpose and gratitude, never taking the ordinary for granted. Hellen Keller Translation of the Text in Hindi Original English Text Hindi Translation I, who cannot see, find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch. मैं, जो देख नहीं सकती, केवल स्पर्श के माध्यम से सैकड़ों चीजों में रुचि पाती हूँ। I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf. मैं पत्ते की नाजुक समानता को महसूस करती हूँ। I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, or the rough, shaggy bark of a pine. मैं अपने हाथों को प्यार से सिल्वर बर्च के चिकने तने या चीड़ के खुरदरे, रेशेदार छाल पर फिराती हूँ। In spring, I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud, वसंत में, मैं आशा से पेड़ों की शाखाओं को छूती हूँ कि कोई कली मिल जाए, the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter’s sleep. जो सर्दियों की नींद के बाद जागती प्रकृति का पहला संकेत होती है। Occasionally, I am very fortunate; I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel the happy quiver of a bird in full song. कभी-कभी मैं बहुत भाग्यशाली होती हूँ; मैं अपने हाथ को धीरे से किसी छोटे पेड़ पर रखती हूँ और एक पक्षी के गाते समय उसके हर्षित कंपन को महसूस करती हूँ। At times, my heart cries out with longing to see all these things. कभी-कभी मेरा हृदय इन सभी चीजों को देखने की तीव्र इच्छा से व्याकुल हो उठता है। If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight. अगर मुझे केवल स्पर्श से इतना आनंद मिल सकता है, तो दृष्टि से कितनी अधिक सुंदरता सामने आएगी। And I have imagined what I should most like to see if I were given the use of my eyes, say, for just three days. और मैंने कल्पना की है कि यदि मुझे अपनी आँखों की दृष्टि सिर्फ तीन दिनों के लिए भी मिल जाए, तो मैं सबसे अधिक क्या देखना चाहूँगी। I should divide the period into three parts. मैं उस समय को तीन भागों में बाँटूँगी। On the first day, I should want to see the people whose kindness and companionship have made my life worth living. पहले दिन मैं उन लोगों को देखना चाहूँगी जिनकी दयालुता और साथ ने मेरे जीवन को जीने योग्य बनाया है। I do not know what it is to see into the heart of a friend through that ‘window of the soul’, the eye. मैं नहीं जानती कि आत्मा की खिड़की — आँख — के ज़रिए एक मित्र के हृदय में झाँकना कैसा होता है। I can only ‘see’ through my fingertips the outline of a face. मैं केवल अपनी उंगलियों के स्पर्श से किसी चेहरे की रूपरेखा 'देख' सकती हूँ। I can detect laughter, sorrow and other obvious emotions. मैं हँसी, दुःख और अन्य स्पष्ट भावनाओं को पहचान सकती हूँ। I know my friends from the feel of their faces. मैं अपने मित्रों को उनके चेहरे के स्पर्श से पहचानती हूँ। Original English Text Hindi Translation The next day I should arise with the dawn and see the thrilling miracle by which night is transformed into day. अगले दिन मैं सुबह भोर के समय उठूँगी और उस रोमांचकारी चमत्कार को देखूँगी जिससे रात दिन में बदल जाती है। I should behold with awe the magnificent panorama of light with which the sun awakens the sleeping earth. मैं विस्मय से उस भव्य प्रकाश दृश्य को देखूँगी जिससे सूर्य सोई हुई पृथ्वी को जगाता है। This day I should devote to a hasty glimpse of the world, past and present. इस दिन मैं अतीत और वर्तमान की दुनिया की एक त्वरित झलक देखने के लिए समर्पित करूँगी। I should want to see the pageant of man’s progress, and so I should go to the museums. मैं मानव प्रगति की झाँकी देखना चाहूँगी, और इसलिए मैं संग्रहालयों में जाऊँगी। There my eyes would see the condensed history of the earth—animals and the races of men pictured in their native environment; वहाँ मेरी आँखें पृथ्वी का संक्षिप्त इतिहास देखेंगी — जानवर और मानव जातियाँ अपने प्राकृतिक वातावरण में चित्रित होंगी; gigantic carcasses of dinosaurs and mastodons that roamed the earth before man appeared, विशालकाय डायनासोरों और मैस्टोडोन के कंकाल जो मनुष्य के आने से पहले पृथ्वी पर घूमते थे, with his tiny stature and powerful brain, to conquer the animal kingdom. जिन पर काबू पाने के लिए मनुष्य ने अपने छोटे कद और शक्तिशाली मस्तिष्क का उपयोग किया। The following morning, I should again greet the dawn, anxious to discover new delights, new revelations of beauty. अगले दिन सुबह, मैं फिर से भोर का स्वागत करूँगी, नई प्रसन्नताओं और सुंदरता के नए रहस्यों को खोजने के लिए उत्सुक रहूँगी। Today, this third day, I shall spend in the workaday world, amid the haunts of men going about the business of life. आज, तीसरे दिन, मैं इसे रोजमर्रा की दुनिया में बिताऊँगी, जहाँ लोग अपने जीवन की गतिविधियों में लगे होते हैं। The city becomes my destination. शहर मेरी मंज़िल बनेगा। First, I stand at a busy corner, merely looking at people, trying by sight of them to understand something of their daily lives. सबसे पहले, मैं एक व्यस्त चौराहे पर खड़ी होऊँगी और लोगों को देखकर उनके दैनिक जीवन को समझने की कोशिश करूँगी। I see smiles, and I am happy. मैं मुस्कानें देखती हूँ, और मैं खुश होती हूँ। I see serious determination, and I am proud. मैं गंभीर संकल्प देखती हूँ, और मुझे गर्व होता है। I see suffering, and I am compassionate. मैं दुःख देखती हूँ, और मुझे सहानुभूति होती है। Word-Meanings Word Meaning Example Sentence Mere Just; only She found joy in the mere touch of a leaf. Symmetry Balanced and proportionate arrangement The symmetry of the leaf fascinated her fingertips. Silken Smooth and soft like silk The spider dropped with a silken thread. Filmy Thin and almost transparent The spider spun a filmy clue from the ceiling. Awaken To wake up or arouse from sleep She hoped to feel the buds—the first sign of awakening nature. Quiver A slight trembling movement The bird quivered with song when she touched the tree. Longing A strong desire Her heart was filled with longing to see. Hasty Done quickly without delay She planned a hasty visit to the museum to see history. Panorama An unbroken view of a wide area The dawn revealed a breathtaking panorama of light. Carcass The dead body of an animal She saw the carcasses of ancient creatures in the museum. Mastodon A large extinct elephant-like mammal The mastodons amazed her with their gigantic size. Native Belonging to a particular place by birth The museum displayed men in their native environment. Haunts Places where people frequently go She visited the haunts of busy city life. Compassionate Feeling or showing sympathy for others She saw suffering and became compassionate. Stricken Seriously affected by an undesirable condition Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind. Tactile Related to the sense of touch Touch each object as if your tactile sense will vanish tomorrow. Relish Enjoyment or delight Taste each morsel with relish as if it’s your last. Facet One side or aspect of something Nature offers many facets of beauty through our senses. Descend To go or come down Darkness would again descend after her three days of vision. Delightful Giving great pleasure Of all senses, sight is the most delightful to her. Nature imagined by Hellen Keller City Busy life as envisaged by Hellen Keller Question-Answers | NCERT Solution ( To be Continued ) Keep Visiting the Site