Previous-Year Board Questions: English| Class X | | Important for 2026 Exams

Explore the Previous year Question papers, Revise them & ace your marks in English in Board Exam 2026

Glimpses of India

Q1. How does the author establish that the pader is an important part of Goan society?

The author shows that the pader plays a central role in Goan life by highlighting his daily visits and social importance. Bread is essential for marriages, engagements, feasts, and festivals like Christmas. The author even states that the baker’s furnace is “absolutely essential,” proving that village life is incomplete without the pader.

Q2. How does the author create a sense of nostalgia in ‘A Baker from Goa’?

The author creates nostalgia by recalling childhood memories connected with the baker. Sounds like the “jingling thud” of the bamboo staff, the fragrance of fresh loaves, and children eagerly waiting for bread-bangles evoke fond memories. The use of past experiences and sensory details makes the past feel warm, lively, and unforgettable.

Q3. With reference to ‘A Baker from Goa’, describe any two aspects of Goan lifestyle showing Portuguese influence.

One strong Portuguese influence is bread-making. The Portuguese introduced loaves of bread, which became an integral part of Goan culture. Marriage gifts are incomplete without bol, and cakes and bolinhas are essential for Christmas.

Another influence is dress. Bakers earlier wore a single-piece frock called kabai. Even today, knee-length trousers are linked with paders, showing lasting Portuguese cultural impact.

Q4. Which time of the year would you recommend someone to visit Coorg? Justify your answer.

The best time to visit Coorg is from September to March. According to the text, this period has pleasant weather with light showers and fresh air. The monsoon rains reduce, making it ideal for sightseeing, trekking, adventure sports, and enjoying the scenic beauty of coffee plantations and forests.

Q5. Which aspects of Coorg does the author explore from a historical perspective?

The author explores the origin and martial history of the Kodavus. He mentions that they are believed to be of Greek or Arabic descent. Their distinct traditions, unique dress, and strong military background, including their contribution to the Indian Army, reflect Coorg’s rich and proud historical heritage.

Mijbil -the Otter

Q1. Mijbil’s transportation to England was no less than a nightmare for the author. Justify the statement using incidents from the lesson. (Mijbil the Otter)

Ans: Mijbil’s transportation to England was truly a nightmare for the author because of a series of frightening incidents. At the airline office in Basra, the author was told that Mijbil could travel only in a sealed cargo box. During the flight, the otter escaped from the box and created chaos in the aircraft. Later, Mijbil was found injured, bleeding, and exhausted. These stressful and dangerous experiences made the journey extremely disturbing and painful for the author.

Q2. What efforts did the narrator make to get his mail from Europe ? (Mijbil the Otter)

Ans: The narrator made several efforts to get his mail from Europe. He regularly visited the post office in Basra and inquired anxiously about his letters. Since mail arrived by irregular boats, he had to wait patiently for weeks. He repeatedly checked with officials and felt disappointed each time, showing his eagerness and loneliness while staying away from home.

Q3. Mijbil spent most of his time in play. Elaborate. (Mijbil the Otter)

Mijbil spent most of his time in play, as described clearly by the narrator. He invented his own games and showed great curiosity. For example, he loved rolling a rubber ball repeatedly, playing with water taps, and sliding down the bathtub. The narrator says that Mijbil’s favourite pastime was plunging into water and splashing happily, proving that play was central to his daily life.

Every creature possesses a unique characteristic that defines it, and this trait is closely linked to its nature. How does the poem “How to Tell Wild Animals” illustrate this idea? Elaborate your answer with suitable examples from the poem.

Ans: The poem “How to Tell Wild Animals” clearly shows that every creature has a unique characteristic closely linked to its nature. The poet humorously explains how different animals can be identified by their natural behaviour. For example, the Asian Lion is recognised by its roar and fearless attack, while the Bengal Tiger is identified by its black stripes and aggressive nature that can “eat you”. The Leopard’s nature is shown through its repeated attacks, proving its cruelty. Similarly, the Bear hugs tightly, and the Hyena laughs while killing its prey. Even the Crocodile’s tears highlight its deceptive nature. Through humour and irony, the poet conveys that every wild animal behaves according to its instinct, and these traits define their true nature.

In the poem “Dust of Snow”, the hemlock tree and the crow hold specific meanings. Explain how these symbols are used in the poem and why the poet chooses these particular images.

Answer:In “Dust of Snow”, the hemlock tree and the crow usually symbolise sorrow, death, and negativity. The poet deliberately chooses these gloomy images to show contrast. When the crow shakes dust of snow from the hemlock tree onto him, his sad mood changes. This suggests that even symbols of negativity can bring positive transformation. The poet uses these images to convey that small, unexpected moments from nature can uplift the human spirit and change one’s outlook on life.

Engaging in discussions and disputes rarely leads to problem resolution. Support the statement with evidence from the text “The Proposal”.

Answer: Engaging in arguments rarely leads to solutions, as shown in “The Proposal” by Anton Chekhov. Lomov visits Chubukov to propose marriage, but instead of discussing the proposal, all three get involved in heated disputes over the Oxen Meadows and later over their dogs. These arguments increase Lomov’s nervousness and cause repeated fainting fits. Ironically, the proposal is accepted not through calm discussion but through chance and interference. When Lomov faints, Natalya suddenly realises his purpose and hurriedly agrees to the proposal out of panic. Even after the engagement, the arguments continue, proving that disputes only complicate matters instead of resolving them.

“Half-baked knowledge is always dangerous. Rushing to conclusions without going deep into the details of things always leads to uninvited chaos and disasters.” Explain the statement in the light of Think-Tank’s interpretation of the rhymes in Mother Goose from The Book that Saved the Earth.

Answer: The play The Book that Saved the Earth clearly shows how half-baked knowledge can be dangerous through Think-Tank’s actions. He reads the harmless rhymes of Mother Goose but misunderstands them completely. For example, he interprets the line “Mistress Mary, quite contrary” as evidence of Earth’s violent nature and “Humpty Dumpty” as a symbol of a powerful weapon. Without trying to understand the cultural or literary context, Think-Tank jumps to fearful conclusions. His shallow understanding creates panic among the Martians and almost leads to an unnecessary invasion of Earth. Instead of verifying facts or seeking explanation, he acts on assumptions. The play humorously proves that lack of proper understanding and haste in judgement can cause confusion, fear, and potential disaster, while careful thinking can prevent chaos.

Why did Mandela feel that liberation was important for both the oppressor and the oppressed?(Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom)

Answer : Mandela believed that oppression harms both sides. The oppressed are robbed of freedom and dignity, while the oppressor becomes a prisoner of hatred and prejudice. He felt that true humanity and peace can exist only when both the oppressor and the oppressed are liberated from injustice.

Why was Valli’s excitement on the bus dampened on her return journey ? (Madam Rides the Bus)

Valli’s excitement was dampened when she saw a cow lying dead on the road during her return journey. Earlier, the running cow had amused her, but now the sight of its death shocked and saddened her. This incident made her realise the harsh reality of life and took away her joy.

What does the poet mean by the phrase “And no one buys a ball back”?(The Ball Poem)

Answer: The poet means that some losses in life are permanent and cannot be replaced. Just as the boy’s ball, once lost, cannot be bought back, certain things like innocence, childhood joys, or loved ones are gone forever. Through this line, the poet teaches the boy to accept loss and learn responsibility.

Q. “The loss of the ball is a lesson to the boy.” Elaborate.(The Ball Poem)

Answer :The loss of the ball teaches the boy an important lesson about life. The poet says, “Balls will be lost always,” showing that loss is inevitable. Through this incident, the boy learns to accept loss, control his emotions, and understand that some things cannot be replaced, which is a step towards maturity and responsibility.

Why, according to Mandela, was it important to learn to hate?(Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom)

Answer: Mandela explains that no one is born hating others because of race or religion; hatred is learned. He says that if people can learn to hate, they can also be taught to love. This idea gives hope that hatred created by apartheid can be unlearned and replaced with love and humanity.

Why does the author refer to Coorg as the “kingdom of heaven”?(Glimpses of India – Coorg)

Answer: The author calls Coorg the “kingdom of heaven” because of its natural beauty and peaceful atmosphere. He describes it as a land of rolling hills, evergreen rainforests, coffee plantations, and fresh, invigorating air. The misty landscape, wildlife, and pleasant climate make Coorg appear like a paradise on earth.

Valli found joy and fascination in the simple act of watching the bus pass through her village. What does this reveal about her perspective on life and her surroundings?(Madam Rides the Bus)

Answer: Valli’s fascination with watching the bus shows her curious and observant nature. She finds happiness in small, everyday events, which reveals her imaginative mind and eagerness to explore the world beyond her village. This simple pleasure also reflects her innocence and desire to learn about life from her surroundings.

Describe how the poem “The Trees” brings out the conflict between man and nature.

Answer: The poem “The Trees” highlights the conflict between man and nature by showing trees trapped inside houses, away from their natural environment. These trees struggle to break free from human control, as seen in lines describing roots breaking floors and branches pushing against walls. Nature resists confinement and reclaims its space by moving back to the forest. The poet suggests that humans exploit nature for decoration and comfort, while nature seeks freedom and balance. This silent struggle reflects man’s domination over nature and nature’s powerful urge to liberate itself and restore harmony.

How did Valli manage to gather information about the bus ride she was planning? (Madam Rides the Bus)

Answer: Valli gathered information by carefully listening to the conversations of elders and passengers who travelled by bus. She asked discreet questions and noted details like the fare, distance, and travel time. The text mentions that she listened “with rapt attention,” showing her sharp observation and determination to plan the journey independently.

Q. Analyze how Wells employs humour, rhyme, and exaggerated traits to not only entertain but also educate readers about various wild animals.(How to Tell Wild Animals)

Answer: Carolyn Wells uses humour, rhyme, and exaggeration to make learning about wild animals enjoyable and memorable. The playful rhyme scheme gives the poem a light, rhythmic flow that entertains readers. Exaggerated traits—such as the tiger eating you, the leopard attacking repeatedly, or the bear hugging tightly—create comic effect while clearly highlighting each animal’s dangerous nature. Irony, like the hyena laughing while killing or the crocodile shedding false tears, adds wit. Through this humorous approach, Wells educates readers about animal behaviour in a simple, engaging, and unforgettable way, especially for young learners.

Why does the author use the phrase “that drove a law-abiding citizen to become a criminal” to describe Mandela?(Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom)

Answer: Mandela uses this phrase to highlight the injustice of apartheid laws. He was a law-abiding citizen who believed in following the law. However, when these laws denied basic freedom and dignity to his people, he was compelled to oppose them. His actions became illegal under apartheid, but they were morally right and necessary in the struggle for justice and equality.

Q. Mention two points of difference between a Bengal tiger and an Asiatic lion.(How to Tell Wild Animals)

Answer:

1. The Bengal tiger is identified by its black stripes on a yellow coat, while the Asiatic lion is recognised by its loud roar.

   
   

2. The tiger attacks silently and fiercely, whereas the lion’s presence is known immediately because of its roaring before it attacks.

Q. How does the author support the view that the people of Coorg are possibly of Arabic descent?(Glimpses of India – Coorg)

Answer: The author supports this view by referring to the traditional dress of the Kodavus. He mentions that they wear a long black coat with an embroidered waist-belt called kuppia, which closely resembles the kuffia worn by Arabs and Kurds. This similarity in attire suggests a possible Arabic origin of the Coorg people.

Q. How does modern India recognise the tradition of courage and bravery in Coorgi culture?(Glimpses of India)

Answer:Modern India recognises Coorgi bravery through their strong military tradition. The text mentions that the Coorg Regiment is one of the most decorated in the Indian Army. It also notes that General Cariappa, India’s first Army Chief, was a Coorgi, honouring their legacy of courage.

Q. Valli emerges as a meticulous planner. Elaborate with evidence from the text.(Madam Rides the Bus)

Answer: Valli emerges as a meticulous planner through her careful preparation for the bus journey. She listens attentively to conversations of passengers to gather details about the fare, distance, and travel time. She saves money by resisting temptations like sweets and toys. Valli plans the exact timing of the trip so that she can return before her mother notices her absence, showing her careful planning and determination.

Q. Why does Nelson Mandela feel very strongly about an “extraordinary human disaster”?(Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom)

Answer:Nelson Mandela feels strongly about the “extraordinary human disaster” because it refers to apartheid, which caused immense suffering, racial discrimination, and loss of human dignity for decades. He calls it a disaster as it damaged not only the oppressed people of South Africa but also the moral fabric of the entire nation.

Q. Explain the meaning of the statement:“Not from weeping or from grieving will anyone obtain peace of mind; on the contrary his pain will be greater and his body will suffer.”(The Sermon at Benares)

Answer: This statement means that excessive grief and lamentation do not bring peace. Instead, constant weeping increases mental pain and affects physical health. The Buddha teaches that sorrow cannot revive the dead. True peace of mind comes only by accepting death as a universal truth and by giving up attachment and selfish grief, as Kisa Gotami eventually realises. Q. The story “Mijbil the Otter” has it all—emotions, humour, surprising incidents, and the freshness of a new and unique type of story. Explain how Maxwell has highlighted these elements in his story.(Mijbil the Otter)

Answer:Maxwell highlights emotions through his deep affection for Mijbil and his anxiety during the difficult journey to England. Humour appears in Mijbil’s playful habits, such as sliding into the bathtub and inventing games with objects. Surprising incidents include Mijbil’s escape during the flight, creating panic. The story feels fresh and unique because it presents an animal as an intelligent, curious companion, making the narrative lively, engaging, and different from ordinary animal stories.

Q. The idea of beauty is a one-dimensional cultural conception created by human beings. Comment on this statement with reference to the poem “For Anne Gregory.”(For Anne Gregory)

Answer: In “For Anne Gregory”, the poet challenges society’s narrow idea of beauty, which focuses mainly on physical appearance like golden hair. The speaker points out that such beauty is temporary and superficial. True beauty lies in inner qualities such as kindness, goodness, and character. Thus, the poem criticises the one-dimensional cultural view of beauty and promotes a deeper, more meaningful understanding of a person’s worth.

Q. “He was not falling headlong now. He was soaring gradually downwards and outwards, he was no longer afraid.”Describe the young seagull’s feelings, emotions, and experiences just before this moment.(Two Stories about Flying)

Answer: Just before this moment, the young seagull was overwhelmed by fear and self-doubt. He stood alone on the ledge, afraid that his wings would not support him. The text describes how he felt “weak and dizzy with hunger” and had lost hope of being fed. When his mother flew near him with a piece of fish, his hunger overpowered his fear. In desperation, he dived towards the food, expecting to fall. At first, he felt terrified, but as he flapped his wings, he realised that he was flying. This discovery replaced fear with confidence and joy, leading to the moment described in the line.

Question: What did Buddha say about death and suffering? Explain this with reference to the story “A Sermon at Benares”.

Answer: Buddha said that death and suffering are universal and unavoidable. He taught that grieving cannot bring the dead back and only increases pain. As a passing reference, he sent Kisa Gotami to bring mustard seeds from a house where no one had died, making her realise that death touches every family. He also compared human life to earthen vessels that must one day break, explaining the certainty of death.

Q. Mijbil the Otter is portrayed as an intelligent, friendly, playful, and social animal who thrives on affection. Discuss how these traits are depicted in the story.(Mijbil the Otter)

Answer Mijbil’s intelligence is shown when he invents games like rolling a rubber ball and pushing it into corners to retrieve it. His playful nature appears in his love for water, as he enjoys plunging into the bathtub and playing with taps. Mijbil is friendly, affectionate, and highly social. He follows the author everywhere, sleeps close to him, and later mixes easily with strangers on the flight, showing his sociable nature. His happiness clearly depends on human company, care, and affection.

Q4. How does the poet present the concept of beauty in the poem For Anne Gregory?

Answer: The poet challenges the conventional idea that beauty lies in physical appearance. He suggests that people are often loved for outer beauty, like Anne’s yellow hair. However, true and lasting beauty lies in inner qualities such as kindness and goodness, which alone can make someone lovable for who they truly are. Question:“The fog comes on little feet.” Highlight the significance of the metaphor used in the poem Fog by Carl Sandburg.

Answer: The poet compares the fog to a cat that enters silently on “little feet,” highlighting its quiet and unnoticed arrival. Like a cat, the fog comes softly, sits over the city and harbour, and then moves away without sound. This metaphor makes the fog seem alive and graceful, helping readers visualise its slow movement and understand nature in a simple, imaginative way.

(i) What mood of the poet is reflected in the poem 'Dust of Snow' initially? What images are used by the poet to bring about the effect?

Initially, the poet is in a gloomy and dejected mood, reflecting despair. The images of a crow and the hemlock tree, traditionally associated with negativity, bring about a contrast as they ultimately lead to a positive change in the poet's mood.

(ii) How far would you agree that one's positivity can bring in a spark of brightness even in adverse circumstances?

In "The Black Aeroplane," the pilot’s positivity and determination help him navigate through the storm. His optimism allows him to trust the mysterious black aeroplane, showcasing how faith and positivity can illuminate even the darkest situations.

(iii) What makes Custard, the dragon, look fearsome? Explain.

Custard, the dragon, appears fearsome due to his physical features: sharp claws, spikes on his tail, large teeth, and fiery breath. These characteristics are typical of a fierce dragon, although his timid nature contrasts this appearance humorously.

(iv) Explain why the speaker mentions God in the poem "For Anne Gregory."

The speaker mentions God to emphasize the idea that true love transcends physical appearance. Only God, being impartial and divine, loves individuals for their inner qualities, unlike humans, who often judge based on external beauty.

(v) What message might the Buddha's story hold for those in positions of power and privilege?

Buddha’s story in "The Sermons at Benares" teaches that power and privilege cannot shield one from suffering and death. It emphasizes the universality of human grief and encourages compassion, humility, and service toward alleviating others’ suffering.

(vi) Scientists contribute to making the world a better place. Griffin is an antithesis to this statement.

Griffin misuses science for personal gain, causing harm and chaos. His invisibility experiment, rather than benefiting humanity, leads to unethical acts like theft and assault. Unlike true scientists who seek progress, Griffin's selfishness and lack of morality make him an antithesis to this ideal.

(vii) Why did Bholi's teacher feel like an artist admiring her masterpiece?

Bholi's teacher felt immense pride as Bholi overcame her fear and stood up for herself during her marriage. The teacher’s efforts transformed a timid, stammering girl into a confident, self-respecting individual, making her feel like an artist admiring her masterpiece of empowerment.

(viii) What is the twist at the end of the story "The Necklace"?

The twist reveals that the necklace Madame Loisel borrowed was fake, worth only a few hundred francs. This irony underlines her unnecessary suffering and hardship over ten years, highlighting the futility of vanity and the consequences of dishonesty.

Long answer-Type Questions | 6 Marks | 120-150 Words

Q3. How did the lady in red manage to outsmart and out maneuver the other thief, Horace Danby, by robbing the safe without leaving a single fingerprint. (A Question of Trust)

The lady in red outsmarted Horace Danby by pretending to be the mistress of the house, catching him red-handed while robbing the safe. Cleverly using her charm and wit, she convinced him to open the safe for her, claiming she had forgotten the combination. To ensure no fingerprints were left, she used gloves, a detail Horace realized only later.

Her meticulous planning and quick thinking allowed her to rob the safe without arousing suspicion or leaving evidence. By exploiting Horace’s gullibility and his mistaken trust in her identity, she successfully executed the heist, leaving Horace to take the blame. Q4. Hari Singh says "He knew it but neither his lips nor his eyes showed anything." Anil successfully addressed the situation by not addressing it at all. Elaborate based on your reading of The Thief's Story.

In The Thief's Story, when Hari Singh says, "He knew it but neither his lips nor his eyes showed anything," he refers to Anil's calm and nonchalant reaction after discovering that Hari had stolen money from him. Despite knowing Hari's intention, Anil chooses not to confront him directly, choosing instead to handle the situation with subtlety and understanding.

Anil's response, or lack thereof, is significant. Instead of scolding Hari or making him feel guilty, Anil simply acts as though nothing has happened, continuing to trust him without words. This approach allows Hari to reflect on his own actions without feeling cornered or defensive. Anil’s kindness and non-judgmental attitude create an opportunity for Hari to change. By not addressing the theft openly, Anil addresses the issue in a way that fosters growth, trust, and self-awareness, leading to Hari’s eventual realization about the value of honesty and integrity.

Q1. Why was Madam Loisel shocked at the end of the story?

Ans: Madame Loisel was shocked at the end of The Necklace when she discovered that the necklace she had borrowed from her friend, Madame Forestier, was a fake. After losing the necklace and spending ten years in hardship to replace it, she learned that the original necklace was not made of real diamonds but was, in fact, a much cheaper imitation. This revelation stunned her because all the suffering she endured—working hard, living in poverty, and sacrificing her comfort—was based on the belief that she had lost an expensive, genuine piece of jewellery. The irony and the futility of her struggles became clear to her at that moment.

 Q1. What is common about the role that Dr. Urquhart and Mr. Weiherer played in Richard Ebright's life? Describe any one commonality with evidence from the text "The Making of a Scientist"

Ans: In The Making of a Scientist, both Dr. Urquhart and Mr. Weiherer played pivotal roles in shaping Richard Ebright's scientific journey by encouraging his curiosity and providing guidance. One commonality between them is their ability to inspire and challenge Ebright.

Dr. Urquhart, a mentor to Ebright, encouraged his interest in science and nurtured his talents. He introduced him to the world of science and offered valuable insights, such as when he gave Ebright a book on science, which deepened his passion.

Similarly, Mr. Weiherer, a teacher who pushed Ebright academically, challenged him to think critically and improve his work. He was particularly instrumental in motivating Ebright to enter a science fair by supporting his research on the monarch butterfly. Both individuals played a crucial role in guiding Ebright toward scientific excellence, making them key figures in his development as a scientist. Their encouragement was essential to his achievements.

Q1. Briefly bring out the contrast between the young seagull's initial attempts to fly and his first successful flight.

Ans: IInitially, the young seagull was terrified of flying, doubting his ability despite his siblings’ success. Fear kept him grounded. However, hunger pushed him to leap, and with encouragement from his family, he discovered the joy of flight. His first successful flight was a triumphant, fearless glide over the sea, showcasing newfound confidence.

Q2. Ogden Nash uses vivid imagery in 'The Tale of Custard the Dragon' to appeal to the senses. Elaborate the imagery used for the Pirate.

The pirate is described vividly with “black beard” and “one leg,” creating a menacing image. His presence is further emphasized with a “cutlass bright” that glints like lightning. This imagery captures his fearsome nature, appealing to visual and tactile senses, heightening the tension.

Q1. A desire is more personal whereas a vision has broader connotations. You have been asked to present an analysis of Valli's desire and Mandela's vision and how they are respectively fulfilled. Write this presentation draft including your insights, in about 120 words, comparing the approaches of both Valli and Mandela.

Ans: One acknowledges that both Valli and Mandela pursued aspirations, yet their motivations and scopes differed significantly. Valli’s desire in Madam Rides the Bus was deeply personal, driven by her childlike curiosity and longing for adventure. Her singular focus was to experience a bus ride to the town and back. She planned meticulously, saving money and ensuring secrecy to fulfill her wish. Her desire reflects innocence and determination on a small, individual scale.

In contrast, Mandela’s vision in A Long Walk to Freedom was far-reaching, aimed at ending apartheid and ensuring freedom for all South Africans. His vision stemmed from a sense of justice and responsibility. Unlike Valli’s solitary approach, Mandela worked collaboratively, sacrificing personal happiness for collective freedom.

Both achieved their goals, but Mandela’s journey impacted millions, while Valli’s fulfilled a personal dream. Together, they show how determination, whether personal or visionary, leads to achievement.

Q1. What does Mr. Herriot mean by "happy period for himself and his partners"?

Mr. Herriot refers to the time when Tricki was recovering at the surgery. Tricki’s limited food and playful environment improved his health, making him active. For Herriot and his partners, Tricki’s transformation was joyful, as it added a cheerful presence and a shared sense of accomplishment.

Q2. Justify how Ebright's mother played an important part in his becoming a scientist.

Ebright’s mother played a crucial role in shaping his journey as a scientist by fostering his curiosity and love for learning. She supported his early interests by buying him a microscope, guiding him in collecting butterflies, and encouraging him to explore nature. When Ebright showed interest in scientific research, she provided him with books, such as The Travels of Monarch X, which inspired him to study butterflies deeply.

Q3. A well-known book of nursery rhymes saved the world from a Martian invasion.

In The Book That Saved the Earth, "Mother Goose" nursery rhymes confuse the Martians. They misinterpret the rhyme “Mistress Mary” as Earth’s strategy to grow weapons. Their leader, Think-Tank, orders a retreat, believing Earth is far superior, humorously highlighting the book's role in saving humanity.

Q1. A character arc is the transformation or development of a character throughout a story and refers to the changes a character undergoes as a result of their experiences, challenges, and interactions with other characters. In the light of the above information, trace the character arc of Matilda in Guy De Maupassants' "The Necklace', in about 120 words.

Ans: Matilda’s character arc in The Necklace showcases her transformation from a vain, dissatisfied woman to a humble, resigned individual. At the beginning of the story, Matilda Loisel is consumed by her desire for wealth and social status, feeling trapped in her modest life. Her yearning for luxury leads her to borrow a necklace to attend a grand party, where she momentarily enjoys the admiration and elegance she craves.

However, when she loses the necklace, her life changes drastically. Matilda and her husband endure years of poverty and hard labor to repay the debt for replacing it. This experience humbles her, stripping away her superficial desires and teaching her the harsh realities of life. By the end, Matilda has aged and transformed into a hard-working, self-sacrificing woman.

Her final encounter with Madame Forestier reveals the irony of her struggles, cementing her emotional and moral growth through the challenges she faced.

Q1. The baker and his family never starved. Elaborate. (Glimpses of India)

The baker held an indispensable role in Goan society, providing bread for every occasion, from weddings to feasts. This ensured a steady income. The frequent visits of the baker, marked by the jingling bamboo, reflect how his trade thrived, securing his family's sustenance and making him a vital community figure.

Q2. Ogden Nash's 'The Tale of Custard The Dragon' is a humorous ballad song on a poem that tells a story. Justify.

Ans: The poem humorously narrates the adventures of Custard, the cowardly dragon, using playful rhyme and exaggerated characters. Despite being mocked for his timidity, Custard defeats the pirate, showcasing his bravery. The light-hearted tone, whimsical imagery, and moral twist make it a delightful and humorous storytelling ballad.

Q1. The most laid back individuals become converts to the life of high- energy adventure. Elaborate with reference to Coorg. (Glimpses of India)

Coorg, with its rugged hills, rivers, and dense forests, inspires even the laziest individuals to embrace adventure. Activities like river rafting, rock climbing, and trekking beckon visitors. The region's breathtaking natural beauty and adrenaline-pumping experiences transform tranquility into high-energy enthusiasm for outdoor exploration and excitement.

Q2. Bring out the central idea of the poem. "The Tale of Custard the Dragon'.

Ans: Ogden Nash's poem highlights that true bravery often lies hidden beneath outward appearances. Custard, mocked as a coward, emerges as the true hero when danger arises. The poem conveys that actions, not appearances, define courage, using humour and whimsical storytelling to challenge stereotypes about strength and valour.

Q1. Explain the irony in the chapter, "A Letter to God".

The irony lies in Lencho’s unwavering faith in God and his distrust of humans. The postmaster and his staff, out of kindness, collect money to help Lencho. However, Lencho believes God sent only part of the amount and accuses the very people who helped him of stealing the rest.

Q2. "During our childhood in Goa, the baker used to be our friend, companion and guide." What does this statement imply in relation to the character of the baker? (Glimpses of India)

The statement highlights the baker’s sociable and caring nature. He was a regular visitor, coming twice daily, and built a friendly rapport with the children. He played with them, talked to them, and guided them on good behaviour, becoming an integral part of their lives and childhood memories in Goa.

Q3. It is our attitude towards a situation that makes it positive or negative. Do you agree with it? Express your views with reference to the poem, Dust of Snow',

Yes, I agree that our attitude towards a situation determines whether it becomes positive or negative. In the poem Dust of Snow, the poet, initially in a sorrowful mood, experiences a shift in perspective when a crow shakes the dust of snow onto him. Despite the seemingly negative images—such as the crow and the hemlock tree—his attitude changes, and he feels uplifted. The external factors, although dark or somber, do not dictate his emotional response. Instead, his changed outlook transforms the moment into something positive, helping him forget his troubles. This reflects the power of our attitude in shaping our experiences.

Q4. Belinda and other animals have been described as brave. But on seeing the pirate they behaved in a cowardly way. How did they react? (A Tale of Custard, The Dragon)

In A Tale of Custard the Dragon, when the pirate appears, Belinda and her pets, typically portrayed as brave, react with fear. Belinda turns pale and begins crying, while the cat, mouse, and even the dog, Custard, run and hide in terror. This contrast to their usual courage adds a humorous twist to the poem.

Q5. Flying is a natural act in birds. Then why was the young seagull 'exhausted by the strange exercise? Justify the given statement with reference to baby seagull's fear. (His First Flight)

In His First Flight, the young seagull was exhausted by the strange exercise of flying not because flying itself is unnatural, but due to his fear and emotional state. His hesitation and timidity made him doubt his ability to fly, and he feared that his wings wouldn't support him. This fear and reluctance prevented him from successfully taking flight initially, contributing to his physical and emotional exhaustion. The young seagull’s fear held him back, making the simple act of flying feel overwhelming.

Q1. Do you think Bholi could have confidently refused to marry Bishamber if she wasn't educated? Give reasons. (Bholi)

No, I don’t think Bholi could have confidently refused to marry Bishamber if she wasn’t educated. Education gave her the confidence and strength to assert herself. It helped her rationalize the situation, making her aware of her worth. Through education, she became resolute and determined, enabling her to stand up for herself and reject the marriage proposal.

Q2. Who was Henry? What role did he play in Ausable's plan ? (The Midnight Visitor)

Ans: Henry was a waiter at the French hotel where Ausable had a room. He played a crucial role in Ausable’s plan by helping create a distraction. When Henry knocked at the door, it frightened Max, the intruder, who mistakenly thought it was a policeman. This allowed Ausable to outwit Max, as the threat of law enforcement made Max hesitant and confused, ultimately aiding Ausable in neutralizing the situation. Henry’s timely involvement helped turn the tables on Max, contributing to Ausable’s clever ruse.

Q3.  How did Think Tank interpret the following nursery rhyme ? "How does your garden grow with cockic shells and silver bells? (The Book that Saved the Earth)

In The Book that Saved the Earth, Think Tank, the Martian, misinterprets the innocent nursery rhyme "How does your garden grow with cockle shells and silver bells?" as a potential threat to Martians. He believes that Earthlings, with their advanced technology, are capable of growing crops made of rare metals and high explosives. His misinterpretation stems from his ignorance of Earth's simple culture, making him perceive harmless things like "cockle shells" and "silver bells" as dangerous and powerful. This humorous misunderstanding highlights the theme of cultural confusion between the Martians and Earthlings.

Q1. Griffin's brilliance as a man of science fades before his darker traits. Give reasons from the text to support your answer. (Footprints Without Feet)

Ans: Griffin’s brilliance as a scientist fades before his darker traits, which ultimately overshadow his achievements.

Brilliance:

• Griffin was a brilliant scientist who invented the method of invisibility, showcasing his intellectual prowess.

Darker Side:

• Despite his scientific genius, Griffin misused his abilities for personal gain and crime. He began looting, killing, and creating chaos.

• He set his landlord’s house on fire to escape and avoid being caught.

• Griffin stole food and clothes from a London store, committed theft from a theatrical company, and took money from a clergyman’s house to pay his bills.

• He used his intellect for selfish and harmful purposes rather than for the betterment of humanity.

  
  

In conclusion, Griffin’s brilliance in science was overshadowed by his darker tendencies, as he used his knowledge for unethical and criminal activities rather than contributing positively to society.

Q2. Hari Singh says "He knew it but neither his lips nor his eyes showed anything." Anil successfully addressed the situation by not addressing it all. Elaborate based on your reading of 'The Thief's Story.'

In "The Thief's Story," Hari Singh regrets stealing money from Anil, but Anil handles the situation with remarkable calm and understanding. Although Anil knew Hari was a thief, he chose not to confront him or show anger.

The next morning, instead of addressing the theft, Anil continued his usual behavior by offering Hari a cup of tea. He neither mentioned the incident nor expressed any displeasure. This non-reaction from Anil, who remained composed and kind, had a profound impact on Hari. He realized that Anil’s trust in him wasn’t contingent on his actions, but on his potential for change. This approach, where Anil did not address the theft directly, helped Hari reflect on his own moral failings and ultimately decide to return the stolen money.

Anil’s wisdom in not reacting allowed Hari to confront his guilt and change his ways, highlighting the power of trust and compassion in reforming a person.

Q1. 'Richie was my whole life after his father died,'' said Richard's mother. Describe Richard Ebright's relationship with his mother. ( The Making of a Scientist)

Ans" Richard Ebright's relationship with his mother was extremely close, supportive, and encouraging. After the death of his father, Richard’s mother became his main source of support and guidance. She took a keen interest in his development and fueled his curiosity.

She encouraged his scientific interests from a young age, taking him on trips, buying him a microscope, telescope, and camera. These gifts not only satisfied his intellectual curiosity but also nurtured his passion for science. Her constant encouragement and willingness to invest in his education played a pivotal role in his eventual success as a scientist.

Q. Horace Danby was a typical thief . Describe how he planned his work ( A Question of Trust)

Ans: Horace Danby meticulously planned his thefts each year. He studied the target houses, observing electric wiring, paths, and gardens. His goal was to steal rare, expensive books, and he ensured his heist was well-timed and carefully executed. He stole just enough to last him for twelve months.

Q1. Nelson Mandela in his inauguration speech says, we, who were outlaws not so long ago, have today been given the rare privilege to be host to the nations of the world on our own soil. What is the significance of this statement with reference to the political system that prevailed before this ? (Nelson Mandela Long Walk to Freedom)

Ans: In his inauguration speech, Nelson Mandela highlights the profound transformation South Africa underwent from a system of apartheid to a democratic society. Before the end of apartheid, South Africa was a nation marked by racial segregation, where black South Africans were oppressed and denied basic rights. As a result, Mandela and many others were labelled "outlaws" and imprisoned for challenging this unjust system.

The statement signifies the remarkable shift that occurred—South Africa, once politically isolated and regarded with disdain by the international community, was now hosting global leaders. This was a victory for justice, human dignity, and peace, as the country had transitioned from a system of racial discrimination to one of equality and democracy.

Q2. The Ball Poem initially appears simple but it is actually quite impactful and intense. Comment upon the theme of The Ball Poem .

"The Ball Poem" explores the theme of loss and the emotional journey that comes with it. The poem reflects the transition from childhood to adulthood, emphasizing the importance of taking responsibility for material losses. Through the loss of a ball, the speaker learns to cope with sorrow and gain maturity.

Q3.  What a burden, Lord, to be the father of a grown-up daughter! Explain what this line conveys about Chubukov as a father. (The Proposal)

Ans: The line "What a burden, Lord, to be the father of a grown-up daughter!" conveys Chubukov's frustration and concern as a father. He struggles to accept his daughter’s maturity and finds it difficult to manage her behavior. His words suggest he sees her more as a burden or commodity, rather than a person, revealing his inability to relate to her as an adult.

Q4. In every alternate stanza, Amanda drifts into fantasy and yearns for more freedom and silence. Justify and elaborate the reason. (Amanda)

Ans: In the poem "Amanda", the protagonist drifts into fantasy to escape the constant nagging and control of her mother. She feels suffocated and stressed by the restrictions imposed on her, and as a result, she imagines herself as someone else, such as Rapunzel, who enjoys solitude, or as an orphan, who is free from responsibilities. These fantasies provide her with a sense of silence, autonomy, and freedom, offering a stark contrast to her real life, where she is constantly monitored and reprimanded. Through these imagined escapes, Amanda yearns for a life of peace and independence.

Q1. We are often over-indulgent towards people we care about. Explain with reference to the context of the story A Triumph of Surgery .

Mrs. Pumphrey’s excessive love for Tricki made her overindulgent. She overfed and pampered him, causing obesity and health issues. Despite Dr. Herriot’s warnings, she couldn’t restrain herself, assuming Tricki’s lethargy was due to lack of energy, further worsening his condition. Her indulgence highlights the consequences of misplaced affection.

Q2. How did Apprentice Noodle act smartly by suggesting something about the book without offending Think-Tank ? (The Book That Saved The Earth)

Apprentice Noodle acted smartly by addressing Think-Tank respectfully as “Great and Mighty Think-Tank” and seeking permission before sharing his idea. He described his suggestion as an “insignificant bit of data,” carefully flattering Think-Tank while presenting it as a possibility rather than a certainty. This approach avoided offending Think-Tank.

Q3. Despite his unusual appearance, Ausable's presence of mind helped him get rid of Max. Comment with reference to the story The Midnight Visitor .

Ans: Despite his unassuming and sloppy appearance, Ausable's sharp wit and presence of mind saved the day in The Midnight Visitor. While he did not fit the stereotype of a secret agent, his intelligence and quick thinking enabled him to outsmart Max. By fabricating a story about a non-existent balcony, Ausable unnerved Max, who panicked and fell to his demise. This highlights how appearances can be deceptive and that true strength lies in one's intellect and resourcefulness.

LONG ANSWER-TYPE QUESTIONS | 6 MARKS | 120 WORDS

Q1. Imagine that Hari Singh from The Thief s Story by Ruskin Bond, writes a diary entry, exploring the theme of human values and relations that are essential in life and can transform a person in the context of his own experience. Write this diary entry as Hari Singh. (The Thief s Story)

Nov 25, 2024 11:00 PM

Dear Diary,

Today, I find myself reflecting deeply on how human values and relationships have the power to transform a person. When I first met Anil at the wrestling match, my intentions were clear—to win his trust and rob him. I became his servant, doing odd jobs, but Anil’s kindness was unlike anything I had encountered.

He overlooked my mistakes and even taught me to cook, read, and write. He trusted me completely, giving me money to watch movies and even the spare key to the house. Yet, when he brought home a bundle of notes, my old habits resurfaced, and I stole the money. At the railway station, ready to escape, I missed the train, and for the first time, I felt conflicted.

Anil’s trust and generosity haunted me. I couldn’t betray someone so kind. Returning the money wasn’t easy, but it felt right. His belief in me transformed who I am today.

Good deeds and trust truly hold the power to change lives.

-Hari

Q2.  A character arc is the transformation or development of a character throughout a story and refers to the changes a character undergoes as a result of his/her experiences, challenges and interactions with other characters. In the light of the above information, trace the character arc of Bholi in K.A. Abbas Bhol

Ans: Bholi's Character Arc:

Bholi’s journey in K.A. Abbas’ Bholi is a remarkable tale of transformation.

1. Neglected and Vulnerable Childhood

   Bholi was a simple and sensitive child who faced neglect due to her physical and speech impairments. After a childhood injury and a bout of smallpox, her face bore pockmarks, and her stammer made her a target of ridicule. These hardships left her timid and scared, especially when her parents sent her to school.

   
   

2. Determined Learner

   Initially reluctant, Bholi began working hard at school. With the constant encouragement and love of her teacher, she grew more confident. Her education was not just academic but also personal, as it instilled a sense of self-worth and independence in her.

   
   

3. Courageous and Independent Woman

   When her dowry-demanding suitor humiliated her, Bholi boldly refused the marriage. She assured her parents of her support, declaring her intention to teach and lead a self-sufficient life.

   
   

Thus, Bholi’s journey exemplifies resilience, proving that education and encouragement can empower even the most vulnerable.

Set 2/4/2/ | All India 2024

Q1. What argument do Lomov and Natalya give over the superiority of their dogs, Guess and Squeezer ? (The Proposal)

Lomov and Natalya argue about their dogs' superiority in The Proposal. Lomov praises Guess for being firm-footed, well-ribbed, and a hunting dog who rivaled the Count’s dog. He calls Squeezer an overshot. Natalya counters by emphasizing Squeezer’s pedigree, being the son of Harness and Chisels, young, thoroughbred, and with untapped potential, dismissing Guess as old and ugly.

Q2. In the poem Amanda , why does the poet use the famous fairy tale character, Rapunzel ? Explain. (Amanda)

Ans: In the poem Amanda, the poet refers to the fairy tale character Rapunzel to symbolize Amanda's desire for isolation and freedom. Rapunzel lived peacefully in a tower, away from the world’s interference. Similarly, Amanda wishes to escape her mother's constant nagging and imagines life in a tower as serene and free from any disturbance.

Set 2/4/3/ | All India 2024

Q1. Lomov and Natalya trade charges against each other about the ownership of Meadows. Explain. (The Proposal)

Ans: Lomov and Natalya argue bitterly over the ownership of Oxen Meadows in The Proposal. Lomov claims ownership based on family documents, stating his aunt’s grandmother had permitted Natalya’s ancestors to use the land in exchange for bricks, but they later treated it as their property. Natalya counters, accusing Lomov of exaggeration and defending her family’s management of the land to enhance its productivity.

Q2. In one instance, Amanda considers herself to be an orphan. What connotation does it entail ? (Amanda)

In Amanda, when Amanda considers herself an orphan, it connotes her desire for freedom and escape from her mother’s constant nagging. An orphan is typically unmonitored and unsupervised, which symbolizes the peace and independence Amanda yearns for. She imagines that being an orphan would grant her the freedom to live without interference and enjoy a peaceful, carefree life.

Set 2/5/1 | All India 2024

Q1. Maxwell decides to keep an otter as a pet. Elucidate with reference to the fact that owning a pet is a life of commitment. (Mijbil the Otter)

In Mijbil the Otter, Maxwell's decision to keep an otter as a pet reflects the life-long commitment that pet ownership entails. When he brought Mijbil home, it marked the beginning of a new phase in Maxwell's life. He had to understand Mijbil’s habits and behaviors, adjust his living space to accommodate the otter, and modify his daily routine to meet Mijbil’s needs. Additionally, Maxwell had to endure various comments and opinions from others about his unconventional pet, highlighting the responsibilities and challenges of owning a pet. This illustrates that having a pet requires dedication and a willingness to adapt one’s life.

Q2. The Tale of Custard -the Dragon ' is a humorous ballad. ' How does Ogden Nash create humour and entertainment in the poem ?

In The Tale of Custard the Dragon, Ogden Nash creates humor and entertainment through several techniques:

• Use of non-standard language:

  Nash uses playful, informal language and rhymes, such as "Belinda was as brave as a barrel full of bears," adding a whimsical tone to the poem.

  
  

• Vivid and funny imagery:

  The descriptions of the pirate and characters, like "a pirate, with a wooden leg," are exaggerated and humorous, creating a sense of absurdity.

  
  

• Ironic humour:

  The characters are portrayed as brave but are ironically shown to flee at the first sign of danger, particularly the "cowardly" lion and the "brave" Belinda. The humorous contrast between their bravery and their actions adds to the lighthearted tone of the poem.

Q3. Justify the title of the play "The Proposal' with reference to the characters and plot.

Ans: The title "The Proposal" aptly reflects the central event of the play, which is Lomov's attempt to propose to Natalya. However, the proposal is not a simple romantic gesture, but a source of conflict and tension. It triggers a series of arguments between Lomov and Natalya, which center around issues of property, pride, and social status, notably the fight over the Oxen Meadows and their dogs. The proposal itself becomes a complicated negotiation, highlighting the absurdity and triviality of the characters' concerns, which drives the humor and action in the play. Thus, the title is both literal and symbolic, representing the proposal and the chaotic events that follow.

Q4. The author says - During our childhood in Goa, the baker used to be our friend, companion and guide. Elaborate. (Glimpses of India)

Ans: In Glimpses of India, the author describes the baker as an integral part of childhood in Goa. The baker was not just a vendor, but a friend, companion, and guide to the children. He made a musical entry with the jingling of his traditional bamboo stick, which the children eagerly awaited. His presence was cherished, and no celebration or special occasion in the household was complete without the sweet and savory treats prepared by the baker. His role went beyond selling baked goods—he was a part of the joy and tradition in the community.

Q5. Do you think you can love a person for his/her inner beauty alone and not care about the physical appearance? Justify with reference to the theme of the poem 'For Anne Gregory'.

Ans: In the poem For Anne Gregory, the theme of love and its connection to inner beauty is explored.

Yes, you can love people for their inner beauty:

• Love for inner beauty is portrayed as a divine and pure form of love, transcending physical appearances.

• Anne herself acknowledges that external beauty is temporary, suggesting that true love should be based on deeper qualities rather than fleeting physical features.

  
  

No, you cannot love people for their inner beauty:

• The young men in the poem are initially drawn to Anne only for her hair, illustrating that physical beauty often takes precedence in romantic attraction.

• The poet suggests that only God has the ability to look beyond external appearances, implying that human love is often influenced by surface-level traits.

  
  

Thus, the poem presents both perspectives, highlighting the tension between the ideal of loving for inner beauty and the reality of superficial attraction.

FOOTPRINTS WITHOUT FEET | SUPPLEMENTARY READER

Q1. One should never judge a book by its cover. Explain with reference to Ausable and how he outwits Max with his presence of mind. (The Midnight Visitor)

Ans: In The Midnight Visitor, the saying "One should never judge a book by its cover" is exemplified through the character of Ausable. Despite his appearance—being chubby, lethargic, messy, and clumsy—Ausable does not fit the typical image of a secret agent.

However, when faced with a dangerous situation, he uses his presence of mind to outwit Max, a spy who plans to kill him. Ausable remains calm and composed, crafting a convincing story about the presence of a hidden agent in the next room. Max, believing the story, jumps out of the balcony in fear, thus allowing Ausable to escape unharmed. This highlights that appearances can be deceiving, and true strength lies in one’s intelligence and quick thinking.

Q2. 'Horace Danby is a thief who was cheated by another thief'. Justify (A Question of Trust)

Ans: In A Question of Trust, Horace Danby is indeed a thief who is cheated by another thief. He plans to rob a house and, unbeknownst to him, the lady he encounters at the house has the same intention. Disguised as the wife of the house owner, she manipulates Danby into believing that she is a legitimate part of the plan. While Danby focuses on his task, the lady takes the jewels and escapes. Ultimately, Danby is left to face the consequences, as the police arrest him, while the lady successfully carries out the crime. This scenario illustrates how Danby, a thief, was deceived and outsmarted by another thief.

Q3.How can one say that Ebright s curiosity / inquisitiveness drove him to become a scientist ? (The Making of a Scientist)

In The Making of a Scientist, Ebright's curiosity and inquisitiveness are key factors that drove him to become a scientist.

• His curiosity began with collecting butterflies, which sparked his interest in the natural world and led him to read extensively about them.

• Ebright's inquisitiveness pushed him to contact Dr. Urquhart, a scientist, to deepen his understanding of science at a young age.

• His relentless pursuit of knowledge culminated in a research project on butterflies, which ultimately led him to develop a new theory about the lives of cells.

Thus, his curiosity fuelled his scientific journey, showing how inquisitiveness is essential to becoming a scientist.

LONG ANSWER-TYPE QUESTIONS | 6 MARKS | 120 WORDS

Q1. Imagine that Bholi writes a diary entry, exploring the themes of 'Girl Child' and 'Impact of Education', in the context of her own experiences. Write this dairy entry, as Bholi.

Diary Entry – Bholi

Nov 25, 2024

11: 00 PM

Today, I reflect on how my life has changed, and I can't help but feel grateful for the one thing that transformed me—education.

As a girl child, I was often seen as worthless. With pockmarks on my face, I was considered unmarriageable, and my worth was only tied to whether I could be married off. No one ever thought I could do anything beyond being a burden in my father’s house.

But then, something changed when I started going to school. My teacher was kind and encouraging, and she made me believe that I had a voice. She taught me to read and write, and for the first time, I began to feel like I mattered.

Through my education, I learned that I could stand up for myself. When I was asked to accept dowry, I refused, understanding that it was wrong. I even confronted my father when he humiliated me, realizing that education had given me the strength to challenge those who treated me unfairly.

I now know that my value isn't defined by how I look or whether I can get married. I am more than that. I am strong, I am capable, and I have a future ahead of me, thanks to education.

Bholi

Q2. A character arc is the transformation or development of a character I throughout a story and refers to the changes a character undergoes as a result of his/her experiences, challenges and interactions with other characters. In light of the above information, trace the character arc of Griffin in H.G. Wells 'Footprints without Feet'.

Ans: In Footprints without Feet by H.G. Wells, Griffin's character arc traces a dramatic transformation from a brilliant scientist to a lawless and immoral individual.

• Griffin as a gifted scientist:

  Initially, Griffin is portrayed as an exceptionally gifted scientist. His intelligence and innovation lead him to discover a way to make himself invisible, an achievement that showcases his scientific prowess.

• Descent into lawlessness:

  However, instead of using his invention for good, Griffin chooses to use it for sinister purposes. His motivations shift from scientific curiosity to malicious intent.

  
  

• Psychopathic behavior: As the story progresses, Griffin's lack of empathy becomes evident. He shows a psychopathic disregard for the consequences of his actions, engaging in acts of violence and harm without any shame.

  
  

• Desire to cause harm: Griffin's descent into madness is marked by a desire to inflict harm, not for any specific goal, but for the sake of causing chaos and suffering. His actions reflect a complete loss of moral compass.

  
  

• Unlawful activities and harm to innocents: Griffin conducts a series of unlawful activities, including robbing, attacking innocent people, and creating fear in the community, further highlighting his moral decay.

  
  

• Failure to gain sympathy: Despite his intelligence and capabilities, Griffin fails to garner any sympathy due to his evil ways and complete disregard for others, marking a tragic end to his character arc.

  
  

Through this transformation, Griffin’s character arc demonstrates the dangers of unchecked ambition and the consequences of using talent for selfish and destructive purposes.

Set 2/5/2 | All India 2024

Q1. "Coorgi homes have a tradition of hospitality, and they are more than willing to recount numerous tales of valour related to their sons and fathers." Elaborate with reference to the chapter "Glimpses of India".

Ans: Coorgi homes are known for their tradition of hospitality, where they gladly share stories of bravery. The Coorg Regiment of the Indian Army, one of the most decorated, is a testament to their valor. Additionally, General Cariappa, the first Chief of the Indian Army, was a Coorgi. The people of Coorg are believed to have descended from the soldiers of Alexander's military campaign and are the only group in India allowed to carry firearms without a license.

Q2. "The Trees" is a symbolic poem and Adrienne Rich has used trees as a metaphor for human beings. What do they symbolize? Explain.

Ans: In The Trees, Adrienne Rich uses trees as a metaphor for human beings, particularly for women, symbolizing their struggles and desires.

• Trees as symbols of people/women trapped by society: The trees represent individuals or women confined within societal norms, much like how trees are trapped inside a house, unable to grow freely.

  
  

• Neglected and left in the dark: Just as trees are left in the darkness of the house for too long, people or women are neglected and oppressed by society, often left without recognition or freedom.

  
  

• Desire for freedom: The trees pushing against the walls symbolize the longing for freedom and self-expression, as people or women yearn to break free from societal constraints and claim their rightful space in the world.

  
  

Thus, Rich uses the trees to reflect on themes of entrapment, neglect, and the aspiration for liberation.

Set 2/5/3 | All India 2024

Q1. The poem, "A Tiger in the Zoo" moves from the zoo to the jungle; and back again to the zoo. What effect does the poet want to bring out with this? Elaborate.

Ans: In the poem A Tiger in the Zoo, the shift from the zoo to the jungle and back again emphasizes the theme of freedom versus captivity.

• Theme of freedom vs captivity: The jungle symbolizes the tiger’s natural freedom, while the zoo represents confinement and restraint.

• Longing for freedom: The poet uses the movement between the jungle and the zoo to highlight the tiger's deep yearning for freedom, contrasting the two settings.

• Contrast between the two habitats: Moving from the vast freedom of the jungle to the tight confinement of the cage intensifies the contrast, underscoring that the tiger’s true habitat is the jungle, not the zoo.

• Highlighting the loss of freedom: This movement serves to bring out the emotional impact of captivity, reminding the reader of the tiger's natural instincts and the tragedy of being locked away from its natural environment.

Set 2/4/1/ | All India 2023

Q1. Why did the night after the rains turn sorrowful for Lencho? (A letter to God)

Ans: The night turned sorrowful for Lencho because the hailstorm destroyed his entire crop, leaving him devastated. He lamented the loss as he had no other source of income. This natural disaster plunged him and his family into despair, fearing hunger and financial ruin.

Q2. Describe the young seagull's first flight. (Two stories about flying)

The young seagull, driven by hunger and encouraged by his family, finally overcame his fear of flying. His mother played a crucial role by deliberately tempting him with a fish, forcing him to leap off the ledge. Initially terrified, he soon gained confidence, soaring joyfully over the sea with his family celebrating his success.

Q3. Who are paders and why are they friends of children? (Glimpses of India)

Paders are traditional bakers in Goa. They are fondly remembered for bringing freshly baked bread and sweet delicacies. Their jingling bamboo and warm presence delighted children, making them cherished figures, especially during festive occasions like weddings and feasts.

Q4. How did Valli gather the details of the bus journey? Madam rides the bus)

Ans: Valli gathered details by listening carefully to conversations of regular bus passengers. She learned about the route, the fare, and the duration. Her sharp observation and curiosity enabled her to plan her trip without revealing her intentions to anyone.

Q5. Describe how Custard the dragon fights with the Pirate (The tale of Custard the Dragon)

Ans: When the pirate attacked, Custard sprang into action, roaring and charging fearlessly. Despite being mocked for cowardice, he displayed remarkable bravery, swallowing the pirate whole. His quick and effective response saved the day, proving his worth as the true hero of the group.

Q1. How did Mrs. Pumphery treat Tricki? (The Triumph of Surgery)

Mrs. Pumphrey pampered Tricki excessively, overfeeding him with rich food like malt, cod-liver oil, and cream cakes. She indulged his whims, causing him to become overweight and lethargic. Her overprotective and doting treatment worsened his health, leading to his eventual admission to the surgery.

Q2. How did Ausable get rid of Max without using a weapon. (The Midnight Visitor)

Ausable outwitted Max by using his intelligence and quick thinking. He fabricated a story about a nonexistent balcony below the window, claiming it was used by secret agents. When Max tried to escape through the window, he fell to his death, proving Ausable’s wit to be more effective than weapons.

Q3.Why did Richard Ebright raise a flock of butterflies? (Making of a scientist)

Richard Ebright raised a flock of butterflies as part of his childhood hobby of collecting them. This activity deepened his interest in the study of butterflies and sparked his scientific curiosity, eventually leading him to research their life cycles and contribute significantly to science.

Q1. 'As ripe fruits are in danger of falling early, so mortals when born are always in danger of death. With this statement of the Buddha find out the moral values that Kisa Gotami learnt after the death of her child. ( The Sermons at Benares)

1. Acceptance of Life’s Impermanence:Kisa Gotami, mourning the death of her only child, learned from the Buddha that death is inevitable for all beings. Through the analogy of ripe fruits that fall early, Buddha emphasized that every life is destined to end, teaching her to accept mortality as a natural part of existence.

2. Realization of Universal Suffering:When Buddha asked her to bring a mustard seed from a household untouched by death, Kisa visited many homes and found that death had touched every family. This realization made her understand that grief is universal and not unique to her alone.

3. Detachment from Worldly Attachments:The futility of clinging to worldly relationships became clear to Kisa Gotami. She understood the importance of spiritual growth and the need to let go of material and emotional bonds, which only lead to suffering.

Kisa Gotami’s journey from grief to enlightenment highlights the moral that inner peace comes from accepting life’s transience and focusing on spiritual liberation.

Q2. 'No one is born hating another person because of the colour of his skin, or his background or his religion'. Do you agree? Elaborate on the basis of the chapter "Nelson Mandela Long walk to freedom")

Hatred is Learned, Not Inherent

Nelson Mandela's belief that hatred is not innate but taught resonates strongly. His life and experiences in South Africa during apartheid illustrate that love and understanding can be fostered despite differences in race, religion, or background.

Mandela's Vision of Equality

Mandela observed that no child is born hating others for their differences. This realization fueled his lifelong struggle against apartheid. He emphasized that human beings are naturally inclined to love, which can overcome prejudice and hatred.

Example from the Text

Mandela’s imprisonment during apartheid taught him forgiveness and reconciliation. Despite the oppression he faced, he worked toward uniting South Africans. He recognized the humanity in even his oppressors and sought to build a nation founded on equality and mutual respect.

Conclusion: A Lesson in Love

Mandela’s journey inspires us to believe that nurturing love and acceptance can transform societies. His leadership demonstrated that compassion and equality triumph over divisiveness and hatred.

Q3. Contentment in one's life is very important to lead a peaceful life. We should be happy with what we have and should not crave for what we don't have. Matilda suffered in life because she was not content in her life. Her desires led to her disaster. What do you learn from her mistake in life? ( The Necklace)

The Importance of Contentment in Life

Matilda’s story from The Necklace teaches a profound lesson about contentment. Her discontent with her modest lifestyle and yearning for wealth and social status led to her downfall. She borrowed a necklace to appear affluent, but its loss resulted in ten years of relentless hardship to repay the debt.

Lesson Learned:

The story illustrates that greed and unnecessary comparisons can lead to misery. If Matilda had valued her simple life and not aspired for superficial luxury, she could have avoided the suffering. This reflects the importance of gratitude for what we have instead of craving what we lack.

Conclusion:

Contentment fosters inner peace and happiness. Matilda’s tragic realization, after discovering the necklace was fake, reminds us to focus on life’s true riches—love, relationships, and self-satisfaction—rather than chasing illusions of material wealth.

Q4. Trust and compassion can reform a person. Justify this statement in the light of the lesson "The Thief's Story'.

Trust and Compassion as Tools of Reform

In The Thief’s Story, Anil’s trust and compassion profoundly transform Hari Singh, a young thief. Despite knowing Hari’s dishonest intentions, Anil treats him kindly, gives him shelter, and even starts teaching him to read and write, believing in his potential for change.

Instances of Reform:

Hari steals Anil’s money but is moved by Anil’s trust when he realizes Anil would lose faith in him. This realization compels Hari to return the stolen money, marking the beginning of his transformation. Anil’s unspoken acknowledgment of Hari’s act, without confrontation or anger, strengthens Hari’s resolve to change.

Lesson Learned:

The story demonstrates that trust and compassion can awaken an individual’s conscience. Anil’s unwavering belief in Hari’s goodness encourages him to abandon his dishonest ways, showing how empathy and faith can guide even the most flawed individuals toward a better path.

Bonus Tips

1️⃣ Read the Question Carefully

• Underline keywords (why, how, justify, explain).

• Answer only what is asked—don’t write extra stories.

  
  

2️⃣ Stick to the Text

• Use phrases, images, or incidents from the lesson/poem.

• Even one textual reference can fetch full marks.

  
  

3️⃣ Plan Before You Write (30 seconds)

• Think: Point → Evidence → Explanation

• This keeps answers clear and well-organised.

  
  

4️⃣ Respect the Word Limit

• Short answers → precise

• Long answers → balanced

• Writing too much wastes time and marks.

  
  

5️⃣ Use Simple, Correct English

• Avoid very long or complex sentences.

• Clear ideas + correct grammar = better impression.

  
  

6️⃣ Begin Strong, End Well

• Start with a direct answer.

• End with a message, value, or conclusion (where suitable).

  
  

7️⃣ For Poetry Questions

• Mention theme + poetic device/image (metaphor, contrast, irony).

• Don’t explain the whole poem—focus on the given lines.

  
  

8️⃣ Avoid Common Mistakes

❌ Don’t mix stories or poems

❌ Don’t copy the question

❌ Don’t write irrelevant background

9️⃣ Time Management is Key

• Don’t spend too long on one answer.

• Attempt all questions—partial answers still earn marks.

  
  

🔟 Stay Calm and Confident

• You know the stories—trust your preparation.

• A calm mind writes better answers.

Remember: